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Biomedical subjects

Y Friedlander

Publications and source records attributed to Y Friedlander.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic: sampling, response and selected methodological issues.

The Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic examined 8,646 17-yr-old youngsters and 6,952 of their parents in order to obtain information on the distribution of plasma lipids and lipoproteins in the free-living multiethnic population of Jerusalem. Sampling procedures and recruitment methods are described, and the degree to which the study population was representative of the target population is addressed in detail. Sources of response bias, although not likely to have influenced the results of analyses to date, are identified, and biased portions of the sample will be excluded from further analyses. Selected methodological problems unique to the Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Contributions of different lipoprotein fractions to variations in total cholesterol between Israeli origin groups and social classes.

Total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol were measured in 2,306 boys, 1,716 girls, 2,479 fathers and 2,822 mothers examined on Visit 1 of the Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study in 1976-79. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels were estimated from the other three measurements. Using multiple regression analysis to control for body mass index, social class, season of the year and (in parents) age, we compared the three origin groups (Asian, North African and European, depending on the birthplace of the parents) with the Israeli-born group. In both fathers and mothers, the lower total cholesterol levels in the North African group, and to a lesser extent in the Asian, were explained mainly by lower LDL-cholesterol in these groups. In youngsters, the origin groups were characterized by differences not only in LDL-cholesterol, but also in other lipoprotein fractions. Social class in youngsters and mothers was associated mainly with the HDL-cholesterol fraction; in fathers it was associated only with triglycerides. Possible relationships of these findings to smoking, alcohol, exercise and female sex hormones are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Familial aggregation of total cholesterol, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in an Israeli population sample.

An analysis of factors involved in the determination of cholesterol, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) variables is presented. The Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic tested a population sample of 3,118 youngsters aged 17 to 18 yr and their parents. In 233 of these families, another sibling was examined at age 17 to 18 yr. Analysis was performed after adjustment of fasting lipid variables for age and sex effects. Since the Israeli population is heterogeneous, the families studied were classified by the parents' country of birth into four groups in which both parents had originated from the same country and one group in which each parent had originated from a different continent. Father-mother correlations for plasma lipid variables were relatively high in parents born in the same country and low in those from different continents. This result could be due to common genetic factors or perhaps to environmental factors shared by parents in early life. The midparent-child correlations were higher for cholesterol and HDL-C in all four groups where parents originated from the same country and lower in the heterogeneous group, but these differences were not statistically significant. The parent-child correlations for total cholesterol and HDL-C were between 0.21 and 0.32, and for triglyceride between 0.09 and 0.20. Sib-sib correlations were significantly positive for all three plasma lipids measured. Although mother-child correlations were stronger than those for father-child, this difference was only significant for HDL-C. The estimated heritability coefficients were between 0.30 and 0.54 for cholesterol and HDL-C and lower for triglyceride. These results provide evidence for familial aggregation of plasma cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-C in an Israeli population, and they indicate that much of the variation in lipid variables can be explained by genetic factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Reported physical activity and blood lipids in Jerusalem adults.

The association of physical activity and fasting plasma lipids and lipoproteins was studied in an adult Jerusalem population consisting of 1,095 men and 614 women. Participants were questioned about habitual physical activity, and the relationship of their reported levels of activity of fasting lipid and lipoprotein values was examined. After adjustment was made for age, ethnic origin, body mass, season, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, the following associations were found: 1) an inverse association of reported physical activity with triglyceride, total cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (not significant), and 2) a significant positive association between reported activity and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in men. These findings generally confirm results found in other Western populations. Too few women reported moderate or strenuous physical activity to permit an examination of lipid associations in women.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Nutrient intake in Jerusalem--consumption in 17-year-olds.

The food intake of 17-yr-old Jerusalem residents was assessed in a random sample, including 627 males and 551 females, by a 24-h dietary recall method. The intake of energy in boys and girls was lower than the recommended energy intake for this age, but the intake relative to body weight was low only in girls. In boys and girls, the intakes of fat relative to energy were 32.4 and 33.7%, respectively; those of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (9.8 and 10.5%) were lower and those of carbohydrates (53.9 and 52.5%) were higher than intakes found in other Western countries. The P:S (polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids) ratio of their diets was high and ranged from 0.79 to 1.29 in various sex and origin groups. Intake of cholesterol per 1,000 kcal was similar to that in Western countries. There were marked differences in nutrient intake of subjects whose fathers had immigrated from different countries. Boys whose fathers were born in Israel or Europe had higher intakes of fat and cholesterol, and both boys and girls had a higher intake of SFA and a lower intake of carbohydrates and starch as well as a lower P:S ratio than did their counterparts whose fathers were born in Asia and North Africa. Thus, the nutrient intake of youngsters in Jerusalem differs markedly from that of populations in other Western countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Nutrient intake in Jerusalem--consumption in adults.

During 1976-80, nutrient intake was assessed in a cross-sectional sample of 1,589 middle-aged Jerusalem residents (1,028 males and 561 females) using the protocols and methods of the North American Lipid Research Clinics (LRCs) Prevalence Studies. All subjects were parents of 17-yr-old youngsters studied previously. Energy intake in both males and females was lower than the recommended energy intake for this age-group. Intake of fat relative to energy in males and females was 32.1 and 34.0%, of saturated fatty acids (SFA) 10.0 and 11.0%, and of total carbohydrates 50.2 and 49.9%, respectively. Cholesterol consumption was 210 and 238 mg/1,000 kcal in males and females, respectively. The mean polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids (P:S) ratio of the diet was 0.95 in males and 0.84 in females. There were marked differences in the nutrient intake of subjects of different ethnic origin. Subjects from Israel and Europe consumed more total fat and SFA and less total carbohydrates than did their counterparts from Asia and North Africa. Consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PFA) was highest in subjects from Israel. The P:S ratio of the diet was highest in the North African group, followed by the Israeli group, and lowest in subjects from Europe. The highest sucrose intake was found in subjects from North Africa and the highest cholesterol intake in immigrants from Europe. Nutrient intake of Jerusalem adults differed markedly from that of populations in other Western countries.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Nutrient intake in Jerusalem--effects of origin, social class and education.

The independent association of ethnic group, social class and education with nutrient intake was studied in a sample of 1,294 adults in the Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic (LRC) population. By univariate analysis, intake of fat and saturated fatty acids (SFA) was higher (P less than or equal to 0.05) in males and females of the upper social classes (classified by the occupation of the head of the family) than in the lower classes, while the opposite trend was found for the consumption of carbohydrates and starch. In men, an association between social class and the intakes of protein and other carbohydrates (i.e., other than sucrose and starch) and the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PFA) to SFA (P:S ratio) was also found. In both sexes, the mean intakes of SFA and other carbohydrates were higher and that of starch lower in subjects with a higher level of education (P less than or equal to 0.05). Education was also associated with the consumption of protein and fat in males and with that of carbohydrates and sucrose in females. Country of origin was related (P less than or equal to 0.05) to the intake of fat, SFA and other carbohydrates in both sexes, to that of protein and cholesterol in males and to that of carbohydrates, sucrose and starch in females. The P:S ratio of the diet of male subjects was also associated with origin. Using various models of analysis of variance, it was shown that origin was associated with nutrient intake (P less than or equal to 0.10), independent of the effect of social class and education for protein, fat, SFA, cholesterol, sucrose and other carbohydrates in males, and for fat, SFA, PFA and other carbohydrates in females. The P:S ratio of the male diet was also associated with origin. The level of education was independently related (P less than or equal to 0.10) to the intake of fat, SFA, starch and other carbohydrates in males and to that of sucrose in females, while social class was associated independently with carbohydrate consumption in males only. After prior adjustment for origin, education had a stronger residual effect than did social class in males, while in females the associations of social class and education with nutrient intake were almost identical.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Cigarette smoking, blood pressure and pulse rate in the Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic Prevalence Study.

The relationship between cigarette smoking and blood pressure (BP) and pulse rate (PR) was studied in a sample of 1,242 Jerusalem youngsters and 1,703 adults. Confounding effects of age, body mass, ethnic origin and season were controlled in the analysis. Both mean systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were lower in smokers than in nonsmokers, with greater differences in both generations in females (women 4.5 mm Hg, P = 0.004 and girls 3.9 mm Hg, P less than 0.001 for SBP; women 2.3 mm Hg, P = 0.024 and girls 2.6 mm Hg, P = 0.002 for DBP) than among the males (men 1.5 mm Hg, P = 0.15 and boys 2.0 mm Hg, P = 0.022 for SBP; men 1.3 mm Hg, P = 0.05 and boys 1.8 mm Hg, P = 0.01 for DBP). The relative odds of being in the upper age, ethnic and body mass index-adjusted quintiles of SBP for nonsmokers were 1.3, 1.9, 2.1, and 3.5 for men, boys, women, and girls, respectively. For DBP they were 1.3, 1.7, 1.1, and 2.1, respectively. No significant trends for BP varying with number of cigarettes smoked were noted in either adults or youngsters. Only adult male smokers had slightly higher PRs. The relatively small differences in BP may be of pharmacologic or psychobehavioral interest, but do not counter the well-described deleterious effects of cigarette smoking.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Correlates of biochemical variables in the Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic population.

The associations of sex, age and ethnic origin with hematocrit and biochemical variables were studied in the Visit 2 population of the Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic--1,709 adults and 1,248 17-yr-olds. Differences in globulin, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and uric acid levels were statistically significant by ethnic origin in both youngsters and adults. Differences by sex and age in many of the variables studied suggested hormonal effects that were more pronounced before the age of menopause. The data presented, relating to a multiethnic free-living population, may provide a useful reference for physicians in this region for distributions of these variables in the population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Cigarette smoking and its relation to anthropometric characteristics and biochemical variables in Jerusalem 17-year-olds and adults.

The relationship of weight, height, Quetelet index, hematocrit and blood levels of thyroxine, globulin, bilirubin, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, uric acid, alkaline phosphatase and glucose to smoking was studied in a Jerusalem population sample of youngsters aged 17 yr and their parents. Among youngsters, male smokers had a higher body mass index than did male nonsmokers. In adults, both men and women smokers were slightly leaner than ex-smokers and, in women, smokers were clearly leaner than those who had never smoked. Generally, the associations of smoking with the biochemical variables were weaker in youngsters than in adults. In men, lower mean levels of creatinine, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase and uric acid were observed among smokers. Hematocrit levels were somewhat higher in both young and adult smokers of both sexes, being more so in adults. Smokers showed consistently lower globulin levels than did nonsmokers. Plasma glucose levels were somewhat lower in youngsters of both sexes who smoked. Serum thyroxine levels were slightly increased in female smokers, suggesting a hormonal effect of smoking. These findings are discussed in light of the published literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Calculation of LDL-cholesterol from total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol: a comparison of methods in the Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic Prevalence Study.

Methods for estimating the cholesterol content of the plasma very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) fractions were examined in an ethnically diverse population sample from the Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic Prevalence Study. None of these methods required the use of preparative ultracentrifuge. The often-used method for estimating VLDL-C by multiplying the triglyceride (TG) value by 0.20 was compared with two other models in which linear regression functions were computed for VLDL-C (determined by ultracentrifugation) as the dependent variable and TG as the independent variable. Subsequently, the intercept and the slope coefficients were used for estimation of VLDL-C and LDL-C. In the first regression model, overall age and sex regression coefficients were applied, whereas in the second regression model, the coefficients were calculated within different TG ranges. All three models were similar in their predictive accuracy when applied to the total population sample. However, in subjects with high TG levels, the second regression model was preferable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Risk factors for coronary artery disease in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Effects of age, sex and ethnicity.

The characteristics of 200 patients with acute myocardial infarction were determined and analyzed according to age, sex and country of origin. Older patients (greater than 65 yr) were characterized by an overall low-risk profile. Women with myocardial infarction (especially less than 65 yr) were characterized by a high-risk profile, although fewer smoked cigarettes and their high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were higher than in men. In patients of Asian-African origin, hyperlipoproteinemia of the type IIb variety was more prevalent and the plasma triglyceride levels were higher than in the other patients. The analysis has thus indicated several distinct risk patterns among the study population; in particular, plasma and lipoprotein lipid levels were found to be an important predisposing factor for coronary artery disease in young patients, in women, and in immigrants from Asian and African countries.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Genetic studies on Cochin Jews in Israel: 1. Population data, blood groups, isoenzymes, and HLA determinants.

The period in which Jews were first associated with Cochin and the Malabar coast was by tradition, after the destruction of the First Temple (586 BCE). Yet, the earliest evidence of Jewish settlements is from the tenth century CE. The largest group of Cochin Jews are the "Black Jews," of whom about 4,000 live in Israel. A high frequency of consanguineous marriages prevailed among Cochin Jews. Their mean height and weight were low when they came to Israel in 1954; an increase in both was observed 20 years later. Some of the allele frequencies of blood groups, isoenzymes, and HLA antigens were similar to those in other Jewish communities. In the high O, M, cde, and HLA-A28 and the low cDE allele frequencies Cochin Jews resembled Yemenite Jews. A few allele frequencies, the high Fya, AK2 and the low Jka and Hp1, were similar to those observed in indigenous southern Indian populations. In most HLA antigen and haplotype frequencies the Cochin Jews showed a distribution similar to that observed in other Jews and Caucasoids. No comparable HLA data on southern Indian populations were available. The results indicate that Cochin Jews have similarities with Jews, in particular Yemenite Jews, and with the indigenous populations of southern India.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1980

Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in 17-year-old Jewish residents of Jerusalem: a preliminary report. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study.

Preliminary data on plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in 2565 teenage Jerusalem residents attending a military medical examination were analyzed. Mean HDL cholesterol levels were highest among male and female subjects whose fathers had immigrated from Europe and the Americas and lowest in those of Asian and of North African origin. Second-generation Israelis ranked intermediate between the Europeans and the other two groups. Total cholesterol levels were lowest in teenagers of both sexes whose fathers had come from North Africa, highest in subjects of European and of Israeli origin and intermediate in the Asians. Triglyceride levels were also lowest among North Africans of both sexes, but the Asian and Israeli groups had higher mean values than the Europeans. These findings show that patterns of lipid and lipoprotein levels previously observed in adult immigrants persist in a generation of native-born Israelis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Consanguinity in a population sample of Israeli Muslim Arabs, Christian Arabs and Druze.

BACKGROUND: In Israel lives a heterogeneous population; most of the inhabitants are Jews, and about a fifth of the population is made up of other religions, mainly Muslim Arabs including Bedouins, Christian Arabs and Druze. PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: A national survey was performed on consanguineous marriages in Israeli Arabs and Druze in order to identify population groups that are at highest risk for autosomal recessive and for multifactorial disorders. RESEARCH DESIGN: During 1990-1992, women were interviewed after delivery in maternity wards all over Israel. Data on consanguinity between the couples, their parents, and other demographic information were received from 1303 Muslim Arabs including 278 Bedouins, from 107 Christian Arabs and 115 Druze. MAIN RESULTS: The results showed high consanguinity rates in Muslim Arabs (42%), Christian Arabs (22%) and in Druze (47%). Rates of first cousin and closer matings in Muslim Arabs and Druze were stable over time in contrast with a significant decrease in the rates of distant consanguineous matings. Muslim Arab husbands (not Bedouins) who were sons of first cousins were more frequently (31%) married to a cousin than were other husbands (22%), and in Bedouins these rates were 53% and 33%, respectively. The rate of first cousin matings was predominantly associated with the level of education. The rate was highest in those Bedouins (37%) and Druze (37%) with low educational level, and lowest in highly educated Christian Arabs (14%) and non-Bedouin Muslim Arabs (10%). The association with education has implications for developing strategies for reducing consanguinity rates.

Arabs↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Consanguinity, intracommunity and intercommunity marriages in a population sample of Israeli Jews.

BACKGROUND: Changes in the marriage patterns of Israeli Jews have been associated with the mass immigration of Jews from many countries over a relatively short period of time. AIM: This study seeks to document consanguineous, intracommunity and intercommunity marriage patterns, and to observe the changes that have occurred over time, and in relation to the level of education and religiousness. SUBJECT AND METHODS: During 1990-1992, 4388 Jewish women were interviewed after delivery in maternity wards throughout Israel. Demographic information was received, with special emphasis on country of origin, community and consanguinity of the couples and their parents. RESULTS: The consanguinity rate among the couples was 2.3%, including 0.8% first cousin marriages, with the highest consanguinity rate among Eastern Jews (7.1%). The rate of intracommunity marriages was 64% (25% Ashkenazim, 22% Sephardim and 17% Eastern Jews). The rate of intercommunity marriages was lowest among Ashkenazim. It rose with the level of education and inversely to the degree of religiousness. CONCLUSION: Over the past decades there has been a decline in consanguineous and intracommunity marriage rates and an increase in intercommunity marriages. Immigrant and ultraorthodox women tended to marry within the community as opposed to Israeli-born women and those with higher educational level who tended to intermarry with other communities as well.

Consanguinity↗