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Biomedical subjects

Y Fujino

Publications and source records attributed to Y Fujino.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Intraperitoneal injection of oxygenated perfluorochemical improves the outcome of intraportal islet transplantation in a rat model.

A 50% to 75% early graft loss upon engraftment has been suggested to in intraportal islet transplantation (IPIT). Hypoxia in the portal vein contributes to graft loss in immediately posttransplantation. Herein we examined the effect on the outcome of IPIT of intraperitoneal oxygenated perfluorochemical (PFC) as an oxygen carrier. Isolated Lewis rat islets were transplanted into the portal vein of a chemically induced diabetic syngeneic rat. First, 1500 IEQ was determined to be the optimal dose in this study. When oxygenated PFC (group 1) was intraperitoneally injected following IPIT of 1500 IEQ, the success rate of transplantation was 5/6, in contrast to 1/6 when PFC with no oxygen was injected (group 2) and 1/6 in IPIT without PFC, respectively. The area under the glucose profile curve on intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests on posttransplant day 28 in group 1 was significantly smaller than that for group 2. In conclusion, intraperitoneal oxygenated PFC improved the outcome of IPIT.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Successful islet transplantation from a single pancreas harvested from a young, low-BMI, non-heart-beating cadaver.

BACKGROUND: Young donors, donors with low body mass index (BMI), and non-heart-beating (NHB) donors are considered nonideal for islet transplantation. In this report, we successfully used a pancreas from a young, low-BMI, NHB donor for islet transplantation. METHODS: The donor was a 15-year-old adolescent boy whose cause of death was rupture of a primary brain tumor. According to Japanese regulations, his pancreas was procured after cardiac arrest. Warm ischemic time was 3 minutes and cold ischemic time was 300 minutes. The pancreas was digested by the automated method of Ricordi, followed by purification using continuous Euro-Ficoll gradients on a Cobe 2991 device. The recipient was a 35-year-old woman with unstable type 1 diabetes mellitus. Her pretransplant C-peptide level was null. She suffered frequent hypoglycemic unawareness. Her pretransplant M value, which is a good marker for glucose instability, was 125. Islet yield was 252,816 IEQ. There were no signs of contamination. Viability of islets assessed by FDA/PI staining was 83%. Stimulation index was 2.7. RESULTS: The patient received 5160 IEQ/kg of islets via the portal vein under local anesthesia. There were no transplant-related complications. Although she required minimal exogenous insulin, her C-peptide level increased to 0.7 ng/mL at postoperative day (POD) 14. Her M value at POD 15 to 19 decreased dramatically to 23.6, indicating good glycemic control. At 3 months posttransplant, episodes of hypoglycemia disappeared. CONCLUSIONS: Although an additional transplant is mandatory to wean patients from insulin, this case shows the possibility of using marginal donors, such as a young, low-BMI, NHB donor, for pancreas islet transplantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Ballooned neurones in the limbic lobe are associated with Alzheimer type pathology and lack diagnostic specificity.

Ballooned neurones (BNs) are one of the pathological hallmarks of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Pick's disease, corticobasal degeneration and argyrophilic grain disease (AGD). They have also been described in Alzheimer disease (AD), but the frequency of BNs in AD has not been systematically addressed. In the present study, immunohistochemistry for alphaB-crystallin was used as a sensitive method to detect BNs to determine the frequency of BNs in the limbic lobe in AD. At least a few BNs were detected in the limbic lobe of virtually all AD cases, and their density correlated with Braak stage, as well as the density of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in the limbic lobe. The density of BN tended to be greater in AD cases with concurrent AGD than in pure AD. Given the high prevalence of AD in brain banks for neurodegenerative disease and the frequent presence of BNs in these areas with alphaB-crystallin immunohistochemistry, the present findings further indicate that BNs confined to the limbic lobe lack specificity in diagnostic neuropathology.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in three dogs with melphalan and prednisolone.

Three adult dogs with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) were successfully treated with melphalan and prednisolone. Based on the immunophenotypic analysis of leukaemic cells, two dogs were diagnosed with B cell CLL and one dog was tentatively diagnosed as having T cell CLL. One dog with B cell CLL had IgM monoclonal gammopathy. The clinical signs and haematological abnormalities associated with CLL in the three dogs improved with the administration of cytoreductive melphalan (3 to 5 mg/m2/day) and prednisolone (4.3 to 30 mg/m2/day) for eight to 210 days. There were no severe adverse effects except a mild increase in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity. Melphalan and prednisolone therapy may achieve remission with few side effects in dogs with CLL.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Protection against experimental small intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury with oxygenated perfluorochemical.

BACKGROUND: Intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury frequently occurs in abdominal surgery. Perfluorochemical (PFC) can be used to oxygenate intestinal organs directly and allows adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) production within the submerged organs during ischaemia. This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of PFC in IR injury, focusing on cytokine production in rat small intestine. METHODS: The superior mesenteric artery was occluded in rats for 60 min and the small bowel placed in an intestinal bag containing either normal saline (group 1), oxygenated saline (group 2) or oxygenated PFC (group 3). The arterial clip was subsequently removed, allowing reperfusion. The number of rats that survived for 7 days, tissue ATP levels, biochemical variables, tissue lipid peroxidation (LPO), bacterial cultures and histological changes were examined after reperfusion. RESULTS: The use of oxygenated PFC in group 3 improved survival compared with the other groups. Serum creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels in groups 1 and 2 reflected small intestinal damage, and plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 were raised. In contrast, oxygenated PFC decreased these levels, and reduced LPO, bacterial translocation and augmented apoptosis of the small intestine after reperfusion. CONCLUSION: An intestinal bag containing oxygenated PFC showed protective effects during bowel ischaemia.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed2003

Randomized clinical trial of preoperative intranasal mupirocin to reduce surgical-site infection after digestive surgery.

BACKGROUND: Compromised patients subjected to major digestive surgery frequently develop infective complications caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which may have dangerous consequences. This was a prospective randomized study to determine whether intranasal mupirocin could reduce postoperative infective complications in patients having digestive surgery. METHODS: A total of 395 patients who underwent abdominal digestive surgery were assigned randomly into two groups: a treated group (193 patients) and controls (202). Patients in the treated group were given 30 mg mupirocin calcium hydrate ointment topically to each nostril three times a day on each of the 3 days before operation. The untreated group received no mupirocin treatment. RESULTS: Most infections were due to Gram-negative bacteria in both groups. There were 21 Gram-positive infections detected at the surgical site, ten in the treated group and 11 in control patients. The incidence of pneumonia was significantly different between the groups (none in the treated group and five in control patients; P = 0.028). Four of five patients with pneumonia had a sputum culture containing MRSA. CONCLUSION: Intranasal mupirocin treatment had no significant impact on surgical-site infection after digestive surgery.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed2002

Dietary factors and stomach cancer mortality.

The present study examined the relationship between stomach cancer and the low intake of fresh fruit and vegetables and/or a high intake of pickled, preserved or salted foods and frequent use of cooking oil. During 139,390 person-year of follow-up of over 13,000 subjects, 116 died from stomach cancer. Using a Cox proportional hazards-regression analysis of relative risk (RR, 95% CI) controlling for age, sex, smoking and other dietary factors, a significant decline was found with a high consumption of green and yellow vegetables (RR=0.4, 95% CI=0.2-0.9). Reductions of between 40 and 50% were also observed with a high consumption of fresh foods (fruit, cuttle fish, tofu, and potatoes), but these associations were not statistically significant. The risk was significantly increased by the high consumption of processed meat (RR=2.7, 95% CI=1.0-7.4) and by the frequent use of cooking oil (RR=4.0, 95% CI=1.3-11.8). The high consumption of pickled food and traditional soups also increased risk, but not significantly. The findings suggest that a diet high in salt and low in vitamins may be associated with an increase in stomach cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

A prospective study of blood transfusion history and liver cancer in a high-endemic area of Japan.

BACKGROUND: The high prevalence of liver cancer in Japan may be owing to infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV), for which the major transmission route is blood transfusion. However, among the general population, there have been few follow-up studies of people with a history of transfusion. The purpose of this study was to examine whether such a history correlates with the development of liver cancer among the general population of this high-endemic area. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The baseline survey was conducted between 1986 and 1991 among the population (15,597 people, aged 30-79) of Fukuoka prefecture, Japan. The participants were assessed for their transfusion history and other covariates using a baseline questionnaire. The relative risk (RR) of blood transfusion for liver cancer was estimated using the Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The RRs of transfusion for subsequent liver cancer were 1.86 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05-3.29) in men and 4.20 (95% CI = 1.83-9.61) in women, after adjusting for covariates. Transfusion was associated with an increased risk of liver cancer, mainly in the group without hepatitis and cirrhosis (RR = 1.81, 95% CI = 0.84-3.91 - men; RR = 4.39, 95% CI = 1.37-14.02 - women). CONCLUSION: A history of blood transfusion carried a significant risk of developing liver cancer in the study region. The people with a history of transfusion should be monitored more aggressively for viral infections and liver disease, as they may not report the infection or they may be unaware that they are infected.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Ultrasound biomicroscopic study of sclerotomy sites after implantation of sustained release drug devices.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the potential of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) as a tool to study the precise location and changes of sclerotomy sites of the eye with an intraocular drug delivery device. METHODS: Eight eyes of six patients (13 sites) who received ganciclovir implants were examined by UBM. Examinations were performed 1-26 months (mean 12.8 months) postoperatively. Serial transverse and radial sections of the anterior ciliary body around the sclerotomy sites were obtained. RESULTS: The ganciclovir implant contour was successfully viewed using an UBM with high reflectivity. Three implants were deviated anteriorly and they were very close to the ciliary body and the lens (anterior deviation), while four implants were deviated posteriorly and away from the lens (posterior deviation). The other six implants were located at the appropriate position as intended. A solitary homogeneous mass with a medium reflectivity around the suture tab was observed at 12 out of 13 sites in seven eyes. Thick membranes extending from sclerotomy sites to the ora serrata were found at two sites in two eyes. CONCLUSION: UBM is helpful in detecting abnormal manifestations around ganciclovir implants and is a valuable tool to assess the changes of the sclerotomy sites of the sustained released intraocular devices.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed2001

Solid-Phase synthesis of a library constructed of aromatic phosphate, long alkyl chains and tryptophane components, and identification of potent dipeptide telomerase inhibitors.

Telomerase inhibitors are expected as a new candidate of therapeutic agents for cancer. Recently, we have found novel inhibitors based on the bisindole skeleton. In this study, solid-phase synthesis was applied to construct a library of inhibitors having aromatic phosphate, long alkyl chain and tryptophane components, from which a D,D-ditryptophane derivative has been identified as a new potent telomerase inhibitor with IC(50) values of 0.3 microM. A hypothetical binding model for the new inhibitors has been proposed based on the structure-activity relationship.

Dipeptides↗
PubMed2001

Development of novel telomerase inhibitors based on a bisindole unit.

Telomerase is the enzyme that elongates telomere repeat at the ends of a chromosome. As high telomerase activity is observed in most cancer cells, inhibitors of human telomerase have been expected as new chemotherapeutic agents for cancer. We describe here the discovery of novel inhibitors with IC50 values in the submicromolar range. The structure of the novel inhibitors will be useful as a scaffold for construction of the library in the search for telomerase inhibitors.

Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed2001

A case of multiple sclerosis with granulomatous uveitis in Japan--use of the antilipoarabinomannan (LAM)-B test in differential diagnosis.

PURPOSE: To report a patient with multiple sclerosis and associated with granulomatous uveitis, and how anti-lipoarabinomannan (LAM)-B antibody can play a key role in differential diagnosis. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 35-year-old Japanese woman with multiple sclerosis, diagnosed 3 years ago, presented with blurred vision in her left eye. Ophthalmological examinations revealed granulomatous iridocyclitis in her left eye and retinal periphlebitis in both eyes. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was suspected because of a positive tuberculin skin test. However, a further examination by an anti-LAM-B antibody test excluded active tuberculosis. Her clinical findings were thought most likely to be caused by multiple sclerosis and treated with corticosteroids. CONCLUSION: We should consider the possibility of multiple sclerosis as the underlying origin in patients with granulomatous uveitis. A measurement of anti-LAM-B antibody titer may be useful in the differential diagnosis of granulomatous uveitis.

Administration, Topical↗