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Biomedical subjects

Y Fukuchi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Fukuchi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effect of endothelin-1 on pulmonary resistance in rats.

We examined the effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a novel 21-residue vasoconstrictor peptide, on pulmonary resistance (RL) in Wistar rats. The lung volume, tracheal flow, and transpulmonary pressure of tracheotomized and paralyzed rats were measured with a fluid-filled esophageal catheter and a pressure-sensitive body plethysmograph. RL was calculated by the method of von Neergaard. The femoral artery was cannulated to measure the mean arterial blood pressure. Intravenous bolus administration of synthetic ET-1 provoked a dose-dependent increase in RL in rats. The bronchoconstricting effect reached maximum at 500 pmol/kg. This bronchoconstriction was observed in less than 5 min, increased up to 15 min, and was sustained for 60 min. ET-1 increased the mean arterial blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that ET-1 is a hitherto unknown potent bronchoconstrictor that has a sustained effect in vivo. The potential physiological and pathophysiological role of this new peptide in the development of respiratory disease warrants further investigation.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1990

Chronic arterial occlusion with PGE1-resistant skin lesions treated by glycosaminoglycan compound--case reports.

The authors report on 2 patients with chronic arterial occlusion in whom the intravenous administration of the glycosaminoglycan compound FPFD 101 was markedly effective. One patient suffered from thromboembolic episodes of the left hand, and the other had peripheral circulatory impairment related to collagen disease. In these patients, the oral administration of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents in combination with intravenous infusion of prostaglandin E1 was not adequately effective. However, the addition of intravenous injection of FPFD 101 resulted in a marked improvement in their symptoms. FPFD 101, which has an anticoagulant effect and also inhibits platelet aggregation, seems to be useful for the treatment and prevention of chronic arterial occlusion when combined with drugs such as anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, and vasodilators.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1990

[An aged case of orthostatic hypotension possibly due to parasympathetic neurodysfunction].

94-year-old male patient, with orthostatic hypotension, possibly due to impairment of vasoconstriction and parasympathetic nervous system dysfunction was reported. This patient experienced faintness and lower muscle weakness on standing. The blood pressure was 180/90 mmHg in a supine position, while it significantly decreased to 100/58 mmHg in an upright position. There was no evidence indicating the presence of organic brain diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and endocrine diseases, plasma catecholamine, renin, aldosterone, and vasopressin levels at rest were within normal range. Thus, the cause of orthostatic hypotension of this patient was unknown. His systolic blood pressure decreased by 70 mmHg, and his diastolic blood pressure also decreased by 25 mmHg in response to a 70 degrees head-up tilting test (170/71-100/46 mmHg). Plasma vasopressin level significantly increased in response to this test (0.62-67.2 pg/ml). Plasma catecholamine levels also increased (Adr 0.01-0.10 ng/ml, Ndr 0.05-0.22 ng/ml). Other autonomic nervous system examinations revealed normal responses to mental arithmetic test, hyperventilation test, cold pressure test, and adrenalin test. However, the results of the carotid occlusion test, acetylcholine test, atropine test, phenylephrine test were considered to be abnormal. From these findings, we concluded that the functions of sympathetic nervous system were almost intact, while the parasympathetic functions were impared in this case. The orthostatic hypotension of the patient as effectively treated with fludrocortisone. This report suggests that impairment of vasoconstriction and parasympathetic neurodysfunction might be involved in the development of orthostatic hypotension in the elderly.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1990

[Cisplatin and vinca alkaloid combination chemotherapy of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in the aged].

Fifteen patients aged over 65 years of age with advanced non-small-cl lung cancer (mean age = 70.7, stage IIIb: IV = 4:11) were treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of Cisplatin (50 or 80 mg/m2) and a vinca-alkaloid (Vindesine 3 mg/m2 or Etoposide 80 mg/m2). The effectiveness and side effects of this cisplatin therapy in different combinations of vinca-alkaloid regimens (Vindesine vs Etoposide) were examined. The mean dose of Cisplatin in the Etoposide combination group (75.2 mg/m2) was significantly higher than that in the Vindesine combination group (54.3 mg/m2) (p less than 0.01). A notable reduction the tumor size was observed in 25% of the Etoposide group, only. The 6-month survival rate and one-year survival rate were respectively 85.7%, 57.1% in the Vindesine + Cisplatin group, and 87.5%, 50% in the Etoposide + Cisplatin group. The common side effects were nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and alopecia. These symptoms were either alleviated by antiemetic drugs or followed by spontaneous recovery. Leucopenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia were found in both groups, and there was no difference in the time course of myelosuppression between the two groups. The extent of nephrotoxicity was assessed by creatinine clearance rate. Its decrease in the Vindesine group (60.1----38.9 ml/min) was higher than that in the Etoposide group (64.9----48.9 ml/min), while there was no significant change in BUN, serum creatinine and urine NAG between the two groups. There were no cases in which chemotherapy schedules had to be interrupted due to myelosuppression and nephrotoxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Analysis of ventilatory parameters of nocturnal disturbed breathing in the elderly].

To elucidate the effects of aging on ventilation in nocturnal disturbed breathing (NDB), we investigated 16 subjects aged 65 years or over with system developed by the authors using a respiratory inductive plethysmography connected to a personal computer. The subjects underwent 10 hours of continuous monitoring of lung volume and SaO2. Significant desaturation (SDS, greater than 4% drop in SaO2 from baseline value) and desaturation index [DI, sigma SDS(%) X duration (hr)] were calculated using the same program. The subjects with SDS below 50 were assigned to group A (n = 9, mean age = 79.7, male:female = 8:1) and the remaining subjects with SDS over 50 (n = 7, mean age = 74.7, male:female = 3:4) to group B. There was no significant difference in ventilatory parameters between group A and B. We then compared the male group (n = 11, mean age = 77.8) with the female group (n = 5, mean age = 76.8). The number of SDS in the female group (101.4 +/- 34.7) was significantly greater than that of the male group (33.4 +/- 8.3*, p less than 0.02), while minute ventilation of the female group (5.25 +/- 0.31 l/min) was significantly smaller than that of the male group (8.86 +/- 1.36* l/min, p less than 0.05). DI was found to significantly correlate with the SaO2 nadir and the number of apnea and SDS. There was no significant relationship between SDS and ventilatory parameters in this study. NDB among elderly female may be of more importance than has been reported.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Influences of inhaled tobacco smoke on the senescence accelerated mouse (SAM).

We studied the influences of inhaled tobacco smoke on lung structure, biochemical changes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and glutathione (GSH) content of the lung in the senescence accelerated mouse (SAM), using 30 female SAM-P/8 as the "senescence-prone series", compared with SAM-R/1 as the "senescence-resistant series". At 18 wks of age, half of each series were housed in Hamburg II machines and exposed to an atmosphere of tobacco smoke for 5 wks, 10 min a day, 5 days a wk. At 24 wks of age, all of the animals were sacrificed. Blood, lung, liver, kidney and eyes were removed and the contents of GSH and thiol group (-SH) were measured (n = 5). We also performed BAL, to determine its total protein, albumin, and fibronectin contents, and elastase-like activity, elastase inhibitory capacity (EIC), and trypsin inhibitory capacity (TIC) (n = 5). Histological changes of the lungs from non-lavaged animals were also examined by light microscopy (n = 5). In SAM-P/8 not exposed to tobacco smoke, the mean linear intercept was longer than that in SAM-R/1. The exposure of SAM-P/8 to tobacco smoke caused increases in its lung weight and the ratio of albumin to total protein in BAL fluid, a decrease in the EIC/TIC ratio in BAL fluid, and a decrease in the GSH content and the GSH/-SH ratio of the lung, compared with those not exposed. We also observed focal infiltration of macrophages into alveoli with hyaline membrane and thickened alveolar wall in SAM-P/8 with tobacco exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aging↗
PubMed1990

[Quantitative assessment of dyspnea by introducing new indices based on the Borg scale during exercise test and the correlation with parameters of pulmonary functions at rest].

Incremental exercise test with a bicycle ergometer was performed on thirty eight patients (11 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 6 patients with interstitial lung disease, 21 patients with preoperative check up for respiratory disease). In 34 patients except four patients with interstitial lung disease, there was a close correlation between dyspnea expressed on the Borg scale (BS) and oxygen consumption (VO2) (r = 0.778-0.998). To evaluate dyspnea in more quantitative manner, we introduced three parameters by the BS-VO2 regression line. The Borg scale slope (BSS) represents the slope of the regression line, threshold load of dyspnea (TLD) represents the onset of dyspnea on the regression line, and the breakpoint load of dyspnea (BLD) represents the maximum oxygen consumption before the subject interrupted exercise. BSS had significant negative correlations with VC, %VC, FEV1.0, TLC, DLco, and %DLco. TLD and BLD had significant positive correlations with VC, FEV1.0, DLco, and %DLco. No correlation was found between dyspnea evaluated by the Hugh-Jones classification and the parameters of pulmonary functions (VC, FEV1.0, DLco) at rest. From these findings, we conclude that the degree of dyspnea sensation on exercise correlated with parameters of pulmonary function at rest, and that these newly introduced parameters using the Borg scale were useful for a quantitative assessment of dyspnea in health and disease.

Dyspnea↗
PubMed1989

Relationship of alternans of monophasic action potential and conduction delay inside the ischemic border zone to serious ventricular arrhythmia during acute myocardial ischemia in dogs.

We studied the relationship of conduction delay and monophasic action potential (MAP) at an ischemic border zone to serious ventricular arrhythmia (VA). Measurements were made in 36 adult mongrel dogs 15 minutes after occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. We recorded MAPs and bipolar electrograms simultaneously inside and outside the ischemic border zone in the dog hearts. Of the 36 dogs, 24 that had favorable MAP recordings were chosen and were divided into two groups according to an occurrence of VA. In group A (n = 12), an onset time of VA was 5.1 +/- 0.8 minutes after ischemia, while in group B (n = 12) VA did not occur during ischemia. The conduction delay at the ischemic border zone was significantly greater from 3 minutes after ischemia in group A than in group B. MAP alternans, defined as the difference in duration of two consecutive MAPs inside the ischemic border, was marked in group A but mild in group B. Duration of a small MAP of alternans was markedly shorter than that of a corresponding MAP outside the ischemic border in both groups, but was followed by VA in group A. Duration of a large MAP was markedly prolonged compared with that of a corresponding MAP outside the ischemic border in seven dogs of group A and in only one dog of group B (p less than 0.01), and was followed by VA in seven dogs of group A. Our results suggest that the mechanism of VA is due not only to reentry but also to an injury current flowing from ischemic to nonischemic tissues, because VA was preceded by conduction delay and by a difference in MAP durations when comparing regions inside and outside the ischemic border.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1989

[Cisplatin combination chemotherapy in advanced lung cancer in the aged].

Eleven aged patients over 65 years of age with advanced lung cancer (mean age = 70.8 +/- 1.4, non-small cell:small cell = 9:2, stage III:IV = 5:6) were treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin (50 or 80 mg/m2) and vincaloids (vindesine 3 mg/m2 or etoposide 80 mg/m2). To evaluate this cisplatin combination therapy, the aged group was compared with a young group consisting of eleven patients (mean age = 53.3 +/- 1.7, non-small cell:small cell = 9:2, stage III:IV = 5:6) matched for cell type, stage and dose regimen. The mean dose of cisplatin was 58.2 mg/m2 in the aged and 63.6 mg/m2 in the younger group. A notable reduction in tumor size was observed in 9.1% of the aged and 27.3% of the young, while one-year survival rate was 63.6% in the aged and 72.7% in the young. The common side effects were nausea and vomiting, while diarrhea was seen in 18.2% of the aged. Neutropenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia were found in both groups and the time course of myelosuppression in the aged (18.2 +/- 0.8 days) was significantly shorter than that in the younger patients (22.0 +/- 1.4 days, p less than 0.05). With regard to nephrotoxicity, creatinine clearance rate in the aged decreased remarkably from 56.9 to 38.9 ml/min, while there was no significant change in BUN, serum creatinine and urine NAG between the aged and the young. Disorders of electrolytes such as hypokalemia and hyponatremia were seen in 45.5% of the aged. We conclude that advanced lung cancer in the aged was effectively treated with cisplatin combination therapy with tolerable nephrotoxicity and myelosuppression.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[A study of 75 untreated lung cancers in the elderly].

The records of 1280 patients autopsied at the Yokufukai Geriatric Hospital from October 1, 1973 to August 31, 1987 were reviewed and 75 patients with untreated lung cancer, aged 70 or older, were selected. The mean age and standard deviation was 82.1 +/- 5.4 years. Male consisted of 34 subjects and 41 were female of. Histological study revealed 42 cases of adenocarcinoma, 19 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 7 cases of small cell carcinoma, 2 cases of large cell carcinoma, 1 case of carcinoid and 4 cases of the other types. The mean survival period of 44 untreated patients diagnosed as lung cancer during life was 21.1 +/- 24.1 months. The mean survival periods for 24 patients with adenocarcinoma and 11 patients with squamous cell carcinoma were 24.0 +/- 29.3 and 12.9 +/- 11.7 months, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean survival period of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. 9% of 44 untreated lung cancers survived for at least 5 years, although the survival rate was slightly lower than that generally reported in the literature. On the basis of staging of TNM classification at the autopsy, the mean survival period from the diagnosis for 13 patients with stage 1 and 27 patients with stage 4 were 27.5 +/- 33.3 and 18.5 +/- 19.7 months, respectively. The incidence of brain metastasis in 75 cases was 14.7%. In this study, adenocarcinoma was more predominant in the elderly (56.0%). An inverse relationship of age to stage was partially observed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[Immunologic evaluation in patients with lung cancer with special regard to peripheral blood natural killer cell activity and interleukin-2 productivity].

Thirteen patients with lung cancer and 62 age-matched control subjects were investigated in this study (68.5 +/- 2.7 y.o. and 70.5 +/- 1.1 y.o. respectively). The peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cell activity of patients with lung cancer and control subjects was 59.3 +/- 4.4% and 69.3 +/- 1.8%, respectively. The NK cell activity in these patients was significantly lower than the NK activity of control subjects (p less than 0.05). The Interleukin-2 (IL-2) productivity of stimulated peripheral lymphocytes from patients with lung cancer was 4.96 +/- 0.99 unit, and from control subjects was 12.31 +/- 1.51 unit. When compared with control subjects, the IL-2 productivity in the patients with lung cancer was significantly lower (p less than 0.05). There were no differences in values of OKT series or OKT4/OKT8 ratio between these patients and control subjects. Ten of the 13 patients received schizophyllan intramuscularly once a week (40 mg/week). The NK cell activity was significantly increased on the second day after the second injection of schizophyllan, but there was no change in IL-2 productivity. We conclude that the peripheral blood NK cell activity and IL-2 productivity of patients with lung cancer was decreased. The antitumor polysaccharide, schizophyllan, temporarily raised the NK cell activity of these patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[The influence of cigarette smoke on metabolism of eicosanoids in rat lung in terms of variation of 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and 11-dehydrothromboxane B2].

We investigated the effects of cigarette smoking on metabolism of two eicosanoids, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) and 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 (11-dehydro-TXB2) in the lung. Twelve female Wistar rats aged between 5 and 6 weeks were chosen and the smoking group (SG, n = 6) was compared to the control group (CG, n = 6). Cigarette smoke exposure was performed using a Hamburg-II inhalation apparatus and the dose was 10 cigarettes in 30 min. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was conducted 30 min after smoking exposure and the recovered BAL fluid was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min. The levels of 15-HETE and 11-dehydro-TXB2 of the supernatant were measured by radioimmunoassay in each sample. Recovered 15-HETE significantly increased in SG (SG: 490 +/- 109 pg, CG: 191 +/- 63 pg, p less than 0.05), while there was no significant difference in recovered protein (SG: 2.64 +/- 0.50 mg, CG: 2.23 +/- 0.10 mg), 11-dehydro-TXB2 (SG: 128 +/- 13 pg, CG: 156 +/- 7 pg). We conclude that acute cigarette smoke exposure increases recovered BAL fluid 15-HETE, a potent inflammatory mediator and that 15-HETE in BAL fluid may indicate lung injury induced by smoking.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Infection--clinico-pathological profile of diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis (DAB)].

In order to investigate the clinico-pathological profile of the inflammatory disease of the intermediate zone of broncho-pulmonary system, a retrospective study was conducted in consecutively autopsied cases at Tokyo University Hospital (n = 495) and Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatrics Center Hospital (n = 1178). We analyzed clinical findings, laboratory tests, pulmonary function tests and chest roentgenograms. In addition, morphologic changes were assessed semiquantitatively as to the grade as well as the localization of inflammation in the lungs. Aspiration pulmonary diseases were found in 7% of all autopsied cases and diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis (DAB) was observed in 16% (1% of all cases). Macroscopic findings of DAB in an autopsied lung were similar to those found in diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB). The clinical symptoms and tests were, however, a complex mixture of DPB and aspiration pneumonia. As a result, differential diagnosis of bronchial asthma in the elderly among aspiration pulmonary diseases seemed crucial for the proper management of DAB. Histologic findings of DAB were characterized by more predominant localization of inflammation in bronchioli and the invariable presence of foreign body or related giant cells in this region of the lungs. In view of these findings, the occurrence of DAB might be related to recurrent aspiration of small amounts with superimposed infection of the airways.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[The significance of moment analysis of spirogram].

In order to assess the significance of moment analysis of transit times on spirograms, we investigated the characteristics of this analysis and the distribution of mechanical time constants of the lung derived from this method. Assuming the log-normal distribution of time constants, mu is the mean and sigma is the standard deviation of the natural logarithms of the time constants. The normal value for mu was -0.64 +/- 0.41 and for sigma was 1.54 +/- 0.42 (mean +/- 1 S.D.) in 94 normal males. The smoking habits enhanced the response of sigma on age-effect, but did not enhance the response of V25/HT. Compared with the normal group, excessive sigma was observed in the patients with bronchial asthma, pulmonary emphysema and interstitial lung disease. Mu was especially greater in the patients with the former two diseases. In bronchial asthma, mu decreased and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1.0) increased after inhalation of salbutamol, but these did not always correlate. Mu correlated with some clinical conditions. Moment analysis was available on the volume-time profile of quiet breathing with good reproducibility. The first moment (alpha 1) and standardized first moment (alpha 1') showed an increase in bronchial asthma and pulmonary emphysema, and decreased with treatment in bronchial asthma. It was concluded that the moment analysis of transit times on spirogram is useful as an index of time-course aspects of expiration.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Rare case of internal hernia with a new type of hepatodiaphragmatic interposition of the stomach and colon.

We report a new type of retroperitoneal internal hernia with hepatodiaphragmatic interposition of the stomach and colon. The hernia neck was formed in the lesser omentum, and the hernia sac consisted of the lesser omentum and retroperitoneum. The herniated organs (the stomach and colon) were incarcerated in the right extraperitoneal subphrenic space from the left dorsal side of the sulcus vena cava. This is the first reported case of this type.

Aged↗