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Biomedical subjects

Y Furet

Publications and source records attributed to Y Furet.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Nebulization and anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa activity of colistin.

Colistin aerosols are frequently administered to patients with cystic fibrosis. However, questions arise concerning the effect of both jet and ultrasonic nebulizers on the properties of the drug. The aim of this study was to characterize the anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) activity of colistin after jet (Pari LL) and ultrasonic (DP100) nebulization. A bench study was performed by capturing the aerosols, determining the drug mass, and assessing its anti-PA activity. Because the inhaled mass of colistin had to be entirely recovered for the bacteriological study, it was assessed by isotopic methods, mixing the drug with a 99mTc-labelled tracer and demonstrating that 99mTc activity accurately predicted the mass of colistin. Colistin was extracted from the filters and its antibiotic activity was determined using the method employed for the study of the bacteriostatic and bactericidal power of serum on the ATCC 27853 PA strain. The postnebulization minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were 1.9 micrograms.mL-1 with DP100 and 0.5 microgram.mL-1 with Pari LL. These values were less than two dilutions different from the 1 microgram.mL-1 MIC of non-nebulized colistin. We conclude that neither jet nebulization nor ultrasonic nebulization alter the antibiotic properties of colistin and that both systems can be used to nebulize colistin.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1996

Buflomedil poisoning: five cases with cardiotoxicity.

OBJECTIVE: To report cardiotoxicity of buflomedil. SETTING: Medical intensive care unit of a university hospital. PATIENTS: Five patients admitted to the hospital since 1985 for buflomedil poisoning. The amount ingested was known for only three patients (3-10.8 g). RESULTS: The five young women were admitted to the hospital because of generalized seizures or myoclonic jerks. Cardiac arrest (asystole) occurred for two of them on admission, 1 and 3 h after ingestion. Electrocardiogram revealed atrio-ventricular and intraventricular conduction abnormalities, increased QT interval and flattened T wave, decreasing after sodium bicarbonate infusion in two cases. The patients received mechanical ventilation, gastric lavage, oral activated charcoal, and clonazepam or valproic acid for convulsions or myoclonic jerks. Epinephrine was administered for cardiac arrest. Sodium bicarbonate was infused in one patient on the basis of slightly prolonged QRS duration and in two patients due to cardiac arrest. Clinical outcome was good and without sequelae for all five patients after a few days in the intensive care unit. CONCLUSION: Clinical and electrocardiographic symptomatology of buflomedil poisoning suggests direct cardiotoxicity, which could be related to possible sodium antagonist properties.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Herbicide: fatal ammonium thiocyanate and aminotriazole poisoning.

OBJECTIVE: To describe fatal herbicide poisoning with Radoxone TL composed of aminotriazole and ammonium thiocyanate. CASE REPORT: A 54-year-old man was hospitalized because of unexplained coma with myoclonic jerks and vascular collapse. Despite symptomatic treatment with mechanical ventilation and vascular filling, life-threatening shock occurred with oliguria, profound metabolic acidosis and cardiac arrest. Hyperchloremia (141 mmol/L) with reversed anion gap (-19) suggested interference with chloride measurement caused by halogens (Br,F,I) or other anions such as thiocyanate. Eventually a weed killer, Radoxone TL containing ammonium thiocyanate, was found at the patient's house. Thiocyanate and aminotriazole blood levels were 750 mg/L and 138 mg/L respectively more than 12 hours after ingestion. After prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation, continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration was performed. Despite hemodynamic recovery the patient died 48 hours later of postanoxic coma. CONCLUSION: Aminotriazole, a systemic nonselective herbicide, is often associated with ammonium thiocyanate which enhances its activity. Experimental studies and previous fatal cases suggest a predominant toxicity of thiocyanate. Early diagnosis is important.

Amitrole↗
PubMed1995

Deposition of amphotericin B aerosols in pulmonary aspergilloma.

The aim of the present study was to characterize amphotericin B aerosols nebulized by ultrasonic and jet nebulizers and to study their deposition and pharmacokinetics in patients with pulmonary mycetoma. The aerodynamic behaviour and pulmonary deposition of amphotericin B particles were measured using a direct isotopic method based on stable labelling of the drug with 99mTc. Each nebulizer was bench tested for inhaled mass and particle size distribution. Three patients suffering from pulmonary aspergilloma were enrolled for a 4 week clinical study. They received 5 mg of amphotericin B daily delivered by either Fisoneb or DP100 (ultrasonic) or Respirgard II (jet) nebulizers. Deposition of radiolabelled amphotericin B was measured once with each nebulizer using a gamma-camera. In two patients, amphotericin B serum concentration was monitored over a 330 min period after the nebulization had been completed. Inhaled masses of the three nebulizers, assessed as % of labelled drug caught in inspiratory filter in duplicate experiments, were: 5.8 and 3.6% for Respirgard II; 26.5 and 28.3% with Fisoneb; 5.9 and 6.3% for DP100. Mass median aerodynamic diameter (mean +/- SD) results were: 0.28 +/- 0.04 micron with Respirgard II; 4.82 +/- 0.78 microns with Fisoneb; and 2.27 +/- 1.14 microns with DP100. Because of larger particles and significantly greater inhaled mass, Fisoneb delivered more amphotericin B to the central airways, the lung periphery and in the mycetoma lung regions. Amphotericin B serum concentrations correlated with pulmonary deposition and remained below 25 ng.mL-1. No untoward effects were reported by the patients during the 4 week trial.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1993

Pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in the neonate and infant after administration of propacetamol chlorhydrate.

The pharmacokinetic parameters of paracetamol were studied after 15 min intravenous infusion of 15 mg/kg of propacetamol (Prodafalgan) in 5 neonates aged less than 10 days and 7 infants aged between 1 and 12 months. Blood was sampled at 0, 0.5, 2 and 6 h after the first intravenous infusion of propacetamol. The infants aged less than 10 days had higher plasma concentrations of paracetamol, a longer half-life (3.5 vs. 2.1 h) and a lower plasma clearance (0.149 vs. 0.365 l/h/kg) than the older children. Dose simulations were performed on the basis of individual data of each child in order to obtain steady-state plasma concentrations between 4 and 18 mg/l permitting the best antipyretic effect for each child. In infants aged less than 10 days a 15 mg/kg dose of propacetamol four times a day (i.e. 30 mg/kg/day paracetamol) is sufficient, corresponding to the dosage recommended by the French pharmacopoeia. On the other hand, double the dosage, nearer to the American dosage, is necessary for children aged over 10 days.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1991

Oxidative polymorphism of dextromethorphan in a Burundi population.

The wide availability, metabolism by the same cytochrome P450 as debrisoquine and, above all, the inocuity of dextromethorphan (DMP) favour the frequent choice of this drug as the test substance in determining oxidation phenotypes. 100 healthy Burundian volunteers (94 m and 6 f) in this study ingested 50 mg DMP bromhydrate, i.e. 38.5 mg of DMP base. Urine was collected for 8 h following the dose and TLC was used to analyse it. The method was particularly useful in view of its low cost, speed and the ease of applying it to a large study group. 5% of the Burundian subjects were poor metabolizers.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Is monitoring plasma levels of netilmicin necessary in neonates?

Thirty-two neonates were treated with netilmicin 3 mg/kg every 12 h by IV infusion for 30 min for suspected infections, colonization, or proven infections. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed in order to define the situations in which monitoring of plasma levels would be appropriate. Mean plasma levels were within the therapeutic range and did not differ in fullterms and preterms. In the 4 children who had 2 successive pharmacokinetic studies, plasma levels were increased between H1 and H5 at the second evaluation due to netilmicin accumulation. Plasma half-life was longer in proven infections and seemed to decrease in preterms with increased gestational age. These results suggest that the dosage schedule should be left inchanged, but that administration time should be reduced from 30 to 20 min and that peak and trough plasma levels should be measured only in proven infections, in very premature babies (gestational age less than 33 wk), and during netilmicin treatment longer than 5 d.

Female↗
PubMed1989

[Prolonged mydriasis caused by Lamaline].

Atropine derivatives. The presence of atropine derivatives in numerous combined medicines is often ignored or reflected. A case report of prolonged bilateral non reactive mydriasis with "cycloplegia", linked with the utilisation of a therapeutic dose of Lameline suppositories raises the question of individual susceptibility, with particular ocular sensitivity. This urge one not to ignore the presence of these products and to respect the contraindications, even with minute doses.

Acetaminophen↗