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Biomedical subjects

Y Fuse

Publications and source records attributed to Y Fuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Optimum culture conditions for production of exfoliative toxin by Staphylococcus hyicus.

Optimum culture conditions for the production of exfoliative toxin by Staphylococcus hyicus (shET) were examined. High shET activity was obtained from the culture filtrate of HI and TY broth inoculated with S. hyicus. The pH in these two media ranged from 7 to 8.5 during bacterial culture, while the lowest pH in TS and BHI broth was less than 6. shET activity in the culture filtrate from TY broth inoculated with 10(7) CFU of S. hyicus per ml was higher than that in TY broth inoculated with 10(6) and 10(8) CFU of bacteria per ml. When shET activity in the culture filtrate was measured under various shaking conditions, the culture filtrate shaken at 75 oscillations per min had the highest shET activity of the five shaking conditions. shET activity of the culture filtrate of TY broth to which protease inhibitor had been added was the same as that of TY broth without inhibitor. shET activity in a shaking culture in an Erlenmeyer flask was also the same as that in sac culture and that in shaking culture using a shaking (Sakaguchi) flask. shET activity in TY broth supplemented with 100 mM glucose was significantly lower than that in TY broth without glucose. Based on the above results, the optimum culture conditions for the production of shET were as follows: inoculation of 3 x 10(9) CFU of S. hyicus strain P-1 into 300 ml of TY broth in a 2,000-ml Erlenmeyer flask, and incubation at 37 C with shaking at 75 oscillations per min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ammonium Sulfate↗
PubMed1995

[Progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) and cancer--increasing coincidence rate of cancer in 67 PSS patients].

The coincidence rate of cancer and PSS has been increasing according to reports from Nippon Byori Boken Shuho (Annual of Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan), reaching 12.3% in the most recent report. Therefore we reviewed the histories of 67 PSS patients seen at our division over an 18-year period between 1974 and 1992, and found a high coincidence rate (14.6%) of cancer, reflecting the increasing tendency reported in the Nippon Byori Boken Shuho. The most frequent type of cancer was gastrointestinal cancer, including gastric and colon cancer and duodenal carcinoid. There were no significant differences in the clinical and laboratory findings between PSS patients with cancer and those without. Twenty-six of the 67 PSS patients died. Cancer was the cause of death in four, ranking second behind respiratory failure. The reason for the increasing coincidence rate of cancer and PSS is unclear at present. However, it is very important to discover cancer in PSS patients as early as possible, since it has a marked effect on prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Reverse-tolerance phenomenon in methamphetamine-induced behavioral stereotypy and impairment of cliff avoidance reaction after subchronic methamphetamine administration in rats].

Clinical evidence of methamphetamine (MAP)-induced reverse-tolerance phenomenon is available in studies of methamphetamine psychosis. To examine the clinical relevance of the reverse-tolerance phenomenon as a model of this psychosis, two experiments were conducted using rats. In the first experiment, we examined the relationship of MAP (4 mg/kg/day)-induced reverse tolerance in behavioral stereotypy to impairment of the cliff avoidance reaction (CAR). The stereotypy scores by the method of Creese and Iversen reached a maximum at day 14, and were unchanged thereafter. Impairment of CAR appeared in 3 of 6 rats at day 21 or 28 without motor ataxia, as rated by the scoring system of Hiramatsu et al. This suggested that cognitive dysfunction reflected by CAR impairment may develop after MAP-induced reverse-tolerance phenomenon, as evaluated by the behavioral stereotyping rating scale. In the second experiment, the effect of PCP (1 mg/kg) on CAR was examined in rats pretreated with MAP (4 mg/kg/day) for 30 days. No behavioral stereotypy or CAR impairment was found in these rats for 1 hour after PCP challenge. This showed that MAP-induced reverse-tolerance did not alter sensitivity to PCP in producing behavioral stereotypy or CAR impairment.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Activation of inward current associated with M-potassium current inhibition in m1-muscarinic receptor-transformed NG108-15 cells by KST-5452, a novel cognition enhancer.

The electrophysiological effects of KST-5452 [3-(m-phenoxybenzylidene)-quinuclidine], an M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (muscarinic AChR) binding compound, were studied in NG108-15 neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells transfected with m1 muscarinic AChR cDNA. Application of KST-5452 to m1-transformed NGPM1-27 cells elicited a sustained inward current associated with decreased conductance and reduced M-current relaxations at a holding potential of -20 mV. The KST-5452-induced responses were blocked by pirenzepine, suggesting that KST-5452 acts as a potent excitant via M1 muscarinic AChRs in brain neurons.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1994

Smooth pursuit eye movements and express saccades in schizophrenic patients.

Abnormalities of saccades such as disinhibition have been hypothesized as one cause of smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) dysfunctions in schizophrenia. Thus, we studied saccadic eye movements in schizophrenics with SPEM dysfunction. Subjects were divided into three groups: 10 normal control subjects, 10 schizophrenic subjects without SPEM dysfunction and 10 schizophrenic subjects with SPEM dysfunction characterized by a cogwheel appearance. Visually guided saccades in gap and overlap paradigms (Saslow, 1967) were examined and saccadic reaction times (SRTs) were measured in all subjects. Only schizophrenics with SPEM dysfunctions tended to manifest excessive reflexive saccades, named express saccades (Fischer, 1987), in the gap paradigm. Moreover, most of them were also found to have express saccades in the overlap paradigm, whereas normal subjects and schizophrenic subjects without SPEM dysfunction did not show such phenomena under the same conditions. In particular, most express saccades in the overlap paradigm in schizophrenics with SPEM dysfunction, were found in movements to the right.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Smooth pursuit eye movements and voluntary control of saccades in the antisaccade task in schizophrenic patients.

It has been hypothesized that a saccade control dysfunction is one cause of a smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) dysfunction in schizophrenia. We studied the voluntary control of saccades in schizophrenic patients with the SPEM dysfunction using an antisaccade task. The mean error rate in the antisaccade task was significantly higher in the two schizophrenic groups with and without a SPEM dysfunction than in the normal control group. Furthermore, the schizophrenic group with the SPEM dysfunction showed significantly more errors than the schizophrenic group without the SPEM dysfunction. These findings seem to suggest a close relationship between the SPEM dysfunction and the appearance of errors which indicates an inability to inhibit reflexive saccades voluntarily in the antisaccade task. However, 4 of 10 subjects with the SPEM dysfunction showed an error rate less than the mean error rate of the schizophrenic group without the SPEM dysfunction. So, a voluntary control disorder of saccades as the main cause of the SPEM dysfunction appeared to be unlikely. An interesting finding of this study was that many schizophrenic subjects with the SPEM dysfunction showed errors with the latencies similar to those in express saccades, particularly in the rightward direction. This finding may suggest a close relationship between the SPEM dysfunction in schizophrenic patients and some pathological conditions of express saccades such as disinhibition of express saccades.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

New monoclonal antibodies directed against mouse follicular dendritic cells.

The follicular dendritic cells (FDC) in B-lymphoid follicles are unique reticular cells that retain immune complexes on their surfaces. We developed new monoclonal antibodies (MAb), SKY01, 28, 41, and 49, against mouse FDC without useful cell markers. Immunohistochemical study of spleen and lymph node tissues from Balb/c, C3H, and C57BL/6 mice revealed that SKY01 and 49 were highly specific for FDC, whereas SKY28 and 41 reacted with other stromal components as well as FDC. On immunoelectron microscopy (IEM), reaction products for all MAb were localized on the surfaces of FDC. In ontogenetic study of Balb/c spleen, FDC precursors were not immunodetected with any of the MAb at 1 week after birth. The FDC that first appeared as immune complex-retaining cells at 2 weeks were a subpopulation of SKY01-, 49-, 28+, and 41+ reticular cells. At 3 weeks, FDC were positive for all MAb, like adult spleen. These results indicate that our MAb recognize differentiation antigens of FDC. Comparative immunohistochemical studies of spleen from athymic nude and severe combined immunodeficiency mice suggested that B-cells may be required for the differentiation of FDC. Consequently, these MAb are considered useful tools for research on FDC.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Correlation between fetal growth and platelet function in normal pregnancy].

Various interpretations have been attempted, but no definitive theory has yet been established as to the etiology of the low-birth-weight infant. We carried out the present study in an attempt to explore the relationship between platelet functions and fetal growth during normal pregnancy. For this purpose, we made a retrospective study of 130 pregnant women aged 23-35 with no clinical abnormalities throughout pregnancy or at delivery. Blood samples were taken at 29-30 weeks of gestation (referred to as the 2nd trimester) and 37-38 weeks of gestation (referred to as the 3rd trimester). The cases studied were divided into two groups: i) those with a birth weight of under 2,500g (n = 32), and ii) those with a birth weight of over 2,500g (n = 98). In these two groups, we studied the platelet functions in maternal blood in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. The following results were obtained: 1) In the 2nd to 3rd trimester, the platelet count showed no significant variation with the birth weight. 2) In the 2nd to 3rd trimester, the platelet aggregation was found to be moderately depressed in cases with a birth weight of under 2,500g, while it was found to be moderately activated in cases with a birth weight of over 2,500g. 3) In the 2nd to 3rd trimester, platelet factor 4 was significantly lower (p < 0.005) in cases with a birth weight of under 2,500g, while it was moderately higher in cases with a birth weight of over 2,500g.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Maturational changes of urinary growth hormone excretion in the premature infant.

High plasma GH concentrations are observed in the newborn infant. To characterize the maturational change of GH secretion in premature infants, we serially measured 24-h urinary GH excretion in 30 premature infants. The gestational age ranged from 25-37 weeks and birth weight from 468-2415 g. Urinary GH excretion at 1 week of age was negatively correlated with gestational age, birth weight, and length of infants with adequate intrauterine growth. In the infants with 27 weeks of mean gestation (range, 25-28 weeks) mean urinary GH excretion was highest (6.1 micrograms/day) at the first week, decreased to 1.2 micrograms/day by the fourth week, and remained between 0.05 and 0.18 micrograms/day thereafter. When compared to the corresponding conceptional age, there was no postnatal difference in the pattern of GH excretion between infants with 27 and 31 (range, 29-32) weeks of mean gestational age. Persistent hyperexcretion of GH was observed in 4 of the 5 infants with intrauterine or postnatal growth retardation. Our results suggest that the postnatal change of 24-h urinary GH excretion is similar to ontogenic changes of plasma GH in fetus, and GH may have some effects on postnatal growth in premature infants.

Aging↗