Biomedical subjects

Y Ganzach

Publications and source records attributed to Y Ganzach.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Nonlinear models of clinical judgement: communal nonlinearity and nonlinear accuracy.

Despite our intuition that representative expert judgments are highly nonlinear, previous studies have shown only little, if any, nonlinearity in such judgments. The current study presents a method for assessing nonlinearity in judgment that is based on estimating communal nonlinearity--the systematic nonlinearity shared by the community of judges. The article also examines the predictive accuracy of communal nonlinearity, and compares it with the corresponding linear accuracy.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Judging Risk and Return of Financial Assets.

This article examines the relationship between judgments of risk and judgments of expected return of financial assets. It suggests that for unfamiliar assets, both risk and return judgments are derived from global preference toward the asset, whereas for familiar assets, these judgments tend to be derived from the ecological values of the asset's risk and expected return-their values in the financial markets. In addition, the article examines the role of causal schemas and the role of risk attitudes in mediating the relationships between judgments of risk and return of familiar and unfamiliar assets. Conceptual and practical questions concerning the nature, the meaning, and the assessment of risk and expected return are discussed. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2000

The weighing of pathological and non-pathological information in clinical judgment.

On the basis of the classic data of Meehl (1959), I examine how clinical psychologists use the MMPI scales to judge the degree of pathology of psychiatric patients by comparing linear models of the judgment to a linear model of the criterion (the actual diagnosis of the patients). This comparison reveals that excessively heavy weight is assigned to pathological information in comparison to non-pathological information. Additional analyses reveal that this biased weighing also influences the actual diagnosis and that it is a major determinant of the accuracy of clinical judgment. It is suggested that these effects arise from a confirmation bias associated with the hypothesis that a patient has severe, rather than mild, pathology.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Parents' education, cognitive ability, educational expectations and educational attainment: interactive effects.

BACKGROUND: The models that have been used so far to describe the process underlying educational attainment have been almost always linear. Little research has been aimed at studying interactions among the determinants of educational attainment. AIM: The aim of the study is to examine the interactions between parents' education, cognitive ability and educational expectations in determining educational attainment. SAMPLE: Participants were 8570 Americans who were born between 1957 and 1964. METHOD: The information was taken from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Information about parents' education, cognitive ability and educational expectations was taken from the 1979 survey. Information about educational attainment was taken from the 1991 survey. RESULTS: The findings indicate that there is an offsetting relationship between the education of the two parents in the formation of expectations, but not in the determination of attainment; and that, both for expectations and for attainment, the cognitive ability of the child has an offsetting relationship with mother's education but not with father's education. The findings also indicate that there is a synergistic relationship between cognitive ability and educational expectations in determining educational attainment. CONCLUSIONS: There are theoretically meaningful interactions between the determinants of educational attainment. The pattern of these interactions capture some of the intricate psychological processes underlying the combined influence of background variables and children's characteristics on educational attainment.

Achievement↗

PubMed1998

Nonlinear Models in Decision Making: The Diagnosis of Psychosis versus Neurosis from the MMPI.

Previous studies have found no nonlinear relationships between the MMPI scales and the diagnosis of psychosis versus neurosis (the criterion). However, these studies also found evidence for nonlinear accuracy in MMPI-based judgments of the likelihood of psychosis. The current study identifies the rules underlying this nonlinear accuracy and demonstrates their validity in predicting the criterion. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1997

Theory and configurality in clinical judgments of expert and novice psychologists.

This article shows that in judging the degree of pathology of mental patients, expert psychologists, more than novices, assign heavier weight to the more pathological information. This difference is explained in terms of the professional socialization process of clinical psychologists.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMed1995

Nonlinear models of clinical judgment: Meehl's data revisited.

Previous attempts to detect nonlinearity in clinical judgments have not succeeded because of a lack of good nonlinear models. Much research in this area was based on data collected by Paul Meehl, which include clinicians' judgments of mental disorder on the basis of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory profiles. In this article, Meehl's data are reanalyzed using several versions of the scatter model in which nonlinearity is represented by the within profile scatter(s) of the cues. The author finds that these versions give a better fit to the data than the linear model. He also finds systematic patterns of nonlinearity that lend themselves to psychological interpretation.

Humans↗