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Biomedical subjects

Y Girard

Publications and source records attributed to Y Girard.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Urinary LTE4 excretion in antigen-provoked asthmatic patients treated with the inhaled LTD4 antagonist, L-648,051.

Leukotriene (LT) E4 represents the major LT metabolite in man, and its urinary excretion can be used as an indirect marker of systemic LTC4 and/or LTD4 synthesis and release. In the present study LTE4 excretion was monitored for 24 h in 12 atopic patients with mild asthma undergoing antigen bronchoprovocation as part of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period cross-over study of the aerosol-delivered LTD4 antagonist, L-648,051. Urinary LTE4 excretion was also studied separately in six of the patients after inhaling only diluent. Urine was sampled before, and serially after antigen challenge, at intervals corresponding to the immediate (0-3 h postchallenge) and late (3-6, 6-12, 12-24 h postchallenge) asthmatic reactions. LTE4 was determined by reversed-phase HPLC and radioimmunoassay. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was recorded serially through 8 h after inhalation of antigen and diluent. Compared to base-line measurements, antigen bronchoprovocation induced significant increases in mean LTE4 excretion rates 0-3 h postchallenge (i.e. during the immediate asthmatic response) after treatment with both placebo (P < 0.01) and L-648,051 (P < 0.05). These mean LTE4 excretion rates in the immediate phase were also significantly higher than the mean rates in the late phase (3-6 h and beyond); the excretion rates of LTE4 at these later time intervals were similar to base-line values. After inhalation of diluent, the LTE4 excretion rates in the intervals 0-3, 3-6, 6-12 and 12-24 h were unchanged from base-line values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1991

Impact of a second insemination on the results of an in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) program.

In an attempt to increase the fertilization and pregnancy rates in our program, a second insemination was carried out when the first insemination yielded fewer than two fertilized oocytes. One hundred eighty consecutive patients were studied retrospectively and thirty-four required second insemination, 35% of them by donor semen. Fifty-five and nine-tenths percent of the patients had at least one fertilized oocyte for embryo transfer, but only 21.9% of the oocytes exposed to a second insemination were fertilized. No pregnancy resulted from the transfer of oocytes fertilized by the second insemination. There were no significant correlations between the success of fertilization after a second insemination and the number of oocytes retrieved, the protocol for the induction of superovulation, or the age of the female patient. Considering that the first insemination was done at a variable time after oocyte retrieval to allow oocyte maturation, we expected all oocytes to be mature at the time of first insemination and we considered the possibility of delayed fertilization as negligible since second insemination was done at least 24-30 hr after oocyte retrieval. Even though a second insemination provides further hope for the patient, by yielding additional fertilized oocytes for embryo transfer, its main value is that it may provide additional information about male fertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Psychosocial distress and infertility: men and women respond differently.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate gender differences in psychosocial responses of 449 consecutive first-admission couples in a fertility clinic. Consistent with previous research, infertile women showed higher distress than their partners on a global measure of psychiatric symptoms and subscales of anxiety, depression, hostility, and cognitive disturbances, as well as on measures of stress and self-esteem. When compared with same-sexed population norms on the measure of psychiatric symptoms, both male and female infertile patients were significantly more distressed than average. No evidence was found for unusually high levels of marital or sexual distress at intake. Implications of results for clinical management are explored.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Urinary leukotriene E4 levels during early and late asthmatic responses.

The sulphidopeptide leukotrienes C4 and D4 (LTC4, LTD4) are potent bronchoconstrictor mediators, released from human lung fragments after challenge with specific allergens in vitro. The purpose of this study was to measure urinary LTE4 (metabolite of LTC4 and LTD4) in subjects undergoing inhalation challenges with allergens or occupational sensitizing agents in the laboratory. Eighteen subjects with previously documented isolated early asthmatic responses (EARs), isolated late asthmatic responses (LARs), or dual (both early and late) asthmatic responses were studied. Urinary LTE4 levels increased in subjects who developed either isolated EARs (mean fall in FEV1, 27.98%) or early responses preceding LARs (mean fall in FEV1, 15.01%). The baseline levels of LTE4 were 150.26 (SEM, 49.5) pg/mg of creatinine in the isolated responders and 66.60 (SEM, 13.5) pg/mg of creatinine in the dual responders. These levels increased to 1816 (SEM, 606.1) pg/mg of creatinine (p = 0.041) and 174.80 (SEM, 40.1) pg/mg of creatinine (p = 0.025), respectively, after the EAR. The degree of maximal bronchoconstriction during the EAR correlated with the levels of LTE4 (r = 0.68; p = 0.001). No significant increase in urinary LTE4 levels occurred during the LAR. These results suggest that the LTE4 precursors, LTC4 and LTD4, are important bronchoconstrictor mediators causing EARs after allergen inhalation.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of urinary leukotriene E4 and 16-carboxytetranordihydro leukotriene E4 excretion in allergic asthmatics after inhaled antigen.

Antisera to 16-carboxytetranordihydro leukotriene E4 (tetranor LTE4), a major urinary oxidative metabolite (via omega- and beta-oxidation) of leukotriene E4 (LTE4) in primates, were obtained by immunisation of rabbits with a related, non-naturally occurring synthetic metabolite (16-carboxytetranordihydro leukotriene C4 ester) conjugated to Keyhole Limpit haemocyanin. Material which competed with [11, 12-3H]tetranor LTE4 for binding to this antisera was isolated from urine from allergic asthmatics by reversed-phase HPLC. This material eluted with the retention time of synthetic standards, and its mean urinary excretion was elevated during both the first three hours (6.13 +/- 2.15 ng/h) and 3-6 h (5.87 +/- 1.99 ng/h) after antigen inhalation, compared with baseline values (3.42 +/- 1.49 ng/h), in 5 allergic mild asthmatics. A much greater and statistically significant increase in urinary leukotriene E4 (LTE4) excretion, occurring in all subjects, was seen during acute antigen-induced bronchoconstriction (baseline, 1.62 +/- 0.66 ng/h; 0-3 h, 19.58 +/- 8.79 ng/h; p less than 0.05) in these subjects. These data support the suggestion that endogenous peptide leukotrienes are metabolised by omega- and subsequent beta-oxidation in man, but emphasize the relative importance of urinary LTE4 excretion after allergen elicited leukotriene generation, further substantiating a pathological role for peptide leukotrienes in allergic asthma.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1979

Kojic amine--a novel gamma-aminobutyric acid analogue.

A series of compounds containing the 3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one nucleus has been synthesized and tested as potential skeletal muscle relaxants. Reduction of 2-(azidomethyl)-5-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one (4) with HBr in HOAc--phenol yielded 2-(aminomethyl)-5-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one (kojic amine, 3) in 81% yield. Reaction of 2-[(tosyloxy)-methyl]-5-(benzyloxy)-4H-pyran-4-one (5) with NH3 gave a 40% yield of the O-benzyl ether of kojic amine, which was N-acylated with a series of carbobenzyloxy-protected amino acids. Complete deprotection with HBr--HOAc gave the following amino acid amides of kojic amine: glycyl (23), alpha-alanyl (24), beta-alanyl (25), gamma-aminobutyryl (26), and glycylglycyl (27). Among the analogues of kojic amine prepared was a series of one-carbon homologues: 2-[(methylamino)methyl]-5-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one (7a), 2-(1-aminoethyl)-5-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one (8), 6-(aminomethyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (12), and 2-(2-aminoethyl)-5-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one (16). Kojic amine (3) has been found to possess certain of the properties to be expected in a gamma-aminobutyric acid mimetic agent, notably skeletal muscle relaxant activity. In the chronic spinal cat preparation, ED70 values for reduction of flexor spasms of 2.2 and 4.0 mg/kg by iv and po routes of administration, respectively, were observed for kojic amine, which was the most potent of the various hydroxypyrone derivatives investigated.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Primary ovarian pregnancy associated with the dalkon shield IUD.

This is the third case report of an ovarian pregnancy associated witth the Dalkon shield intrauterine device (IUD). The recent theories of mechanism of action of the IUD are described. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy with the IUD is discussed. The authors stress the fact of being alert to the possibility of an ectopic ovarian pregnancy with the IUD in the absence of suggestive signs and symptoms of pregnancy.

Adult↗