Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Y H Cheng.
We believe that the activities of reactivated and reconstituted enzymes can be completely recovered if optimum conditions of reactivation and reconstitution are found.
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278 geriatric patients with fractured proximal end of the femur were studied retrospectively 1.5-5 years (average 3.5 years) after they received treatment in two hospitals. Of the survivors 63%, 56% were totally pain-free while 15% had varying degrees of hip pain. Only 26.5% could squat fully. The physical activity was inversely proportional to the age. The widowed were doing better than the married with living husbands. Of the three methods of treatment (Austin-Moore hemiarthroplasty, plating and Ender's nailing), the hemiarthroplasty group of patients was doing the best physically. In spite of some positive X-ray findings among the different groups, corresponding clinical manifestations were not encountered.
The activity of intact urokinase (UK) and urokinases modified by soluble macromolecules (dextran and dextran sulfate sodium) in a mouse body was traced after injection of the 125I-labelled enzymes. The residual fraction of the enzyme in blood can be correlated with the time (t) as follows; Xb = Ae-at + Be-bt + Ce-ct Since a greater than b greater than c, the residual fraction of the enzyme in blood chiefly depends on the magnitude of parameter C. The constant C for modified urokinase was larger than that for urokinase, showing the relative residual in blood was increased by modification of the enzyme. The apparent utilization in 50 min was 13.8% for intact UK, 28.1% for the dextran-UK and 25.2% for the sulfate dextran-UK. Therefore, the apparent utilization of UK in blood was approximately doubled by the modification. Since the half-lives of UK and modified UK in kidney and liver were not long, there were no unacceptable accumulation of the enzymes.
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A group of hand injury patients was followed up 2-3 years after their injury. Compared to a non-patient control group hand injury patients were more externally oriented, and reported more psychological symptoms. Based on their General Health Questionnaire scores, the patients were divided into a low score and a high score group. High GHQ scores were associated with external locus of control, less social activities, and dissatisfaction with social life. The medical rating of loss of earning capacity was not predictive of overall occupational or psychosocial adjustment. Suggestions are made for future research into determinants of occupational adjustment of these patients.
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It is important to establish valid field measures of lower body strength in the elderly, and to provide representative normative values that are culturally specific in order to help health professionals in the risk assessment of this group. A sample of 1,038 elderly Hong Kong Chinese undertook a 30-sec chair stand test (30CST), with a subsample of 143 completing isometric measures of maximal hip flexion and knee extension, plus a habitual physical activity questionnaire. The 30CST was significantly, yet only weakly, correlated with the isometric strength measures (r approximately 0.3-0.4), but accurately discriminated between levels of habitual physical activity and across ages in decades. The normative values generated provide useful data for health screening in this elderly Hong Kong population, but do not compare well with their healthier US counterparts.
Bis-basic ethers of fluorene and fluoren-9-substituted derivatives such as tilorone have been reported to inhibit silica-induced fibrosis in rats. The potential antifibrotic potency of 2,7-bis(diethylamino)ethoxy fluorene (F-9-H,H), fluorenone (F-9-one), fluorenoxime (F-9-oxime), and fluorenol (F-9-ol) was F-9-oxime > F-9-one approximately F-9-H,H >> F-9-ol. Since the release of reactive oxygen species and growth factors from alveolar macrophages (AM) in response to silica exposure has been linked to the development of pulmonary fibrosis, the present study was carried out to determine the inhibitory effects of these compounds on rat AM activity in vitro. The following parameters were monitored: (1) cellular viability; (2) zymosan-induced respiratory burst activity (superoxide and hydrogen peroxide release, chemiluminescence, and oxygen consumption) of AM; (3) drug binding to AM; and (4) lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated interleukin-1 (IL-1) release from AM. The bis-basic ethers, at 40 microM, did not affect cell viability when incubated with AM for 30 min, but significantly inhibited zymosan-induced macrophage respiratory burst activity. The inhibitory effect of these agents was F-9-oxime > F-9-one approximately F-9-H,H >> F-9-ol. Binding of these drugs to AM was time and dose dependent, and exhibited the following binding affinity: F-9-oxime > F-9-one > F-9-H,H > F-9-ol. F-9-oxime was shown to inhibit LPS-stimulated IL-1 release by AM in a dose-dependent manner. This inhibition of IL-1 release by AM cannot be explained as a decrease in viability. In addition, these drugs were also shown to impair human fibroblast proliferation in response to serum stimuli without impairing cell viability. These results indicate a positive correlation between drug binding to AM or other cell types and their inhibitory effects on cellular activities including oxygen consumption, superoxide release, hydrogen peroxide secretion, chemiluminescence, IL-1 release, and proliferation. The ability of these bis-basic ethers to modify AM and fibroblast functions in vitro suggests that further investigation of their reported antifibrotic potency in vivo is warranted.
Regulatory control of dust in the workplace has greatly reduced the development of pneumoconiosis, yet the prevention of silicosis and coal workers' pneumoconiosis has not been accomplished. Cases of pneumoconiosis continue to occur, and there is no proven way to affect the natural history of these progressive inflammatory and fibrotic processes. Although pneumoconiosis and silicosis are considered untreatable in Western countries, in China an aggressive search has been underway for therapeutic agents and clinical procedures to treat these diseases. The important aspects are reviewed for the tried therapies, including corticosteroids, aluminum citrate complex, PVNO, tetrandrine, xinin, and whole lung lavage.