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Biomedical subjects

Y H Xiao

Publications and source records attributed to Y H Xiao.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Mechanism of action of Tripterygium Wilfordii polyglycoside on experimental endometriosis.

PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION: This study was designed to examine the therapeutic effectiveness and mechanism of action of Tripterygium Wilfordii polyglycoside (TWP) in the treatment of endometriosis. METHODS: An experimental endometriosis model was developed using New Zealand White rabbits where endometrial tissue was autotransplanted into the peritoneum. Six weeks after transplantation, a total of 22 rabbits were randomly placed into two groups: Group I (n=17) was treated with TWP (10 mg/kg/day) and Group 2 (n=5) served as the water-fed control for three successive months. The volume of endometrial implants was measured before and after administration of TWP and water. Immune and endocrine systems were investigated in the normal phase, six weeks after induction of endometriosis, and three months after TWP treatment and water administration. RESULTS: After treatment with TWP, the average volume of endometrial implants significantly decreased (p < 0.0001), and the antiendometrial antibody (EmAb) level decreased (p < 0.05) to near normal levels, but it did not decrease in the untreated controls. Serum FSH and LH levels also decreased after TWP treatment. Furthermore, electron microscopic examination of the pituitary ultrastructure revealed morphological changes in gonadotropic cells (G-cell) after treatment with TWP, and changes gradually disappeared four weeks after withdrawal of TWP. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that TWP has both hormonal and immune system action that is effective as a medical treatment for experimental endometriosis by modulating both reproductive endocrine functions and immunosuppression that results in remission of the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the uterine cervix.

We present a patient with primary malignant lymphoma of the uterine cervix, which is extremely rare. She had a complete remission with a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Measurement of the serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor level was a useful index of the effectiveness of treatment.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed2001

[An AFLP marker related to fibrogenesis in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsuturm L.)].

By using AFLP technique polymorphism analysis was performed between a fuzzlesslintless mutant line and its isogenic wild-type line, Xuzhou 142. Out of 6,360 bands produced by 64 pairs primers, a fragment, named as CF1, appearing stably in wild-type line, Xuzhou 142. This polymorphism was further verified using several normal fiber varieties and F2, F3 populations from the cross of fuzzless-lintless mutant line with a high-lint-percentage variety Yumian No. 1. The cosegregation of CF1 and fibrogenesis was proved, which suggested that CF1 can be used as a molecular marker for cotton fibrogenesis. The CF1 segment was cloned into PUCm-T Vector and then sequenced. The putative amino acid sequences, is an analogue to phenol hydroxylase alpha subunit, outer surface protein C, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1, NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, 2-oxoacid ferredoxin oxidoreduct and hypothetical 14.5kD protein.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Usefulness of PCR in situ hybridization as a technique for morphological detection of human papillomavirus in uterine cervical neoplasia.

This study was designed in order to devise fitting conditions in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-in situ hybridization (ISH) for observing human papillomavirus (HPV) infection morphologically in uterine cervical neoplasias and to compare the detection rates of HPV by PCR-ISH and solution phase PCR (S-PCR) as well as fluorescence ISH (FISH). Tissues were obtained from 23 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3, who visited our hospital between 1994 and 1997. To detect HPV-16, a HPVpF forward primer and a HPVp 16 reverse primer were used. Compared with the traditional methods, the PCR-ISH technique performed in this study was contrived as follows. To prevent detachment, the specimens were attached to silane-coated slides at 90 degrees C and successively left at room temperature for 36 hours. In proteopepsis, pepsin was used. PCR products were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. PCR-ISH, S-PCR, and FISH showed HPV-16 positivity in 52.2%, 56.5% and 21.7%, respectively. The positive rate of HPV-16 detected by PCR-ISH as well as S-PCR was significantly higher than that by FISH (p<0.01, respectively). There was no significant difference between the positive rates of HPV-16 detected by PCR-ISH and S-PCR. HPV-16 was detected by S-PCR in all 12 specimens in which HPV-16 expression was judged as positive using PCR-ISH. Similarly, HPV-16 was found by PCR-ISH in all five specimens in which HPV-16 expression was regarded as positive using FISH. While the FISH technique detected HPV-16 signals only in the superficial and middle layers of squamous cells, the PCR-ISH technique demonstrated them in all the layers including the parabasal and basal layers. The PCR-ISH technique contrived in this study has a high sensitivity to HPV-16 equal to that of S-PCR. The difference in detection rate and distribution of HPV DNA between PCR-ISH and FISH might suggest that HPV does not infect the superficial layer but rather the parabasal layer.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Action of fengsuidan granules on experimental anti-oral ulcer].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the anti-oral ulcer action, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of Fengsuidan Granules(FSDG). METHODS: FSDG(0.5, 5.0, 10.0 g.kg-1) were administered to experimental animals. The oral ulcer in experimental animals was effected by means of white staphylococcus (sc) and carbolic acid (buming). RESULTS: Such as acetic acid body turning, hot-plate, auricle inflammation by dimethylbenzene and foot swelling by egg white were used. CONCLUSION: Following certain regularities of dose-effect relationship, FSDG has anti-oral ulcer effect, helps reduce and heal the ulcer and works efficaciously in analgesic and anti-inflammatory cases.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Central nervous system sodium channels are significantly suppressed at clinical concentrations of volatile anesthetics.

BACKGROUND: Although voltage-dependent sodium channels have been proposed as possible molecular sites of anesthetic action, they generally are considered too insensitive to be likely molecular targets. However, most previous molecular studies have used peripheral sodium channels as models. To examine the interactions of volatile anesthetics with mammalian central nervous system voltage-gated sodium channels, rat brain IIA sodium channels were expressed in a stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary cell line, and their modification by volatile anesthetics was examined. METHODS: Sodium currents were measured using whole cell patch clamp recordings. Test solutions were equilibrated with the test anesthetics and perfused externally on the cells. Anesthetic concentrations in the perfusion solution were determined by gas chromatography. RESULTS: All anesthetics significantly suppressed sodium currents at clinical concentrations. This suppression occurred through at least two mechanisms: (1) a potential-independent suppression of resting or open sodium channels, and (2) a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage-dependence of channel inactivation resulting in a potential-dependent suppression of sodium currents. The voltage-dependent interaction results in IC50 values for anesthetic suppression of sodium channels that are close to clinical concentrations at potentials near the resting membrane potential.

Anesthetics, Inhalation↗
PubMed1995

The PML gene is linked to a megabase-scale insertion/deletion restriction fragment length polymorphism.

The PML gene located on chromosome band 15q22 is involved with the RAR alpha locus (17q21) in a balanced reciprocal translocation uniquely observed in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Physical mapping studies by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that the PML gene is flanked by two CpG islands that are separated by a variable distance in normal individuals. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that this is the consequence of a large insertion/deletion polymorphism linked to the PML locus: (1) overlapping fragments obtained with a variety of rare-cutting restriction enzymes demonstrated the same variability in distance between the flanking CpG islands; (2) mapping with restriction enzymes insensitive to CpG methylation confirmed that the findings were not a consequence of variable methylation of CpG dinucleotides; (3) the polymorphism followed a Mendelian inheritance pattern. This polymorphism is localized 3' to the PML locus. There are five common alleles, described on the basis of BssHII fragments, ranging from 220 to 350 kb with increments of approximately 30 kb between alleles. Both heterozygous (61%) and homozygous (39%) patterns were observed in normal individuals. Megabase-scale insertion/deletion restriction fragment length polymorphisms are very rare and have been described initially in the context of multigene families. Such structures have been also reported as likely regions of genetic instability. High-resolution restriction mapping of this particular structure linked to the PML locus is underway.

Alleles↗
PubMed1995

Voltage- and frequency-dependent pentobarbital suppression of brain and muscle sodium channels expressed in a mammalian cell line.

The voltage- and frequency-dependent interactions of pentobarbital with voltage-gated sodium channels were examined in whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Using rat brain IIA and rat muscle rSkM1 sodium channels expressed in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary cell lines, it was found that pentobarbital reduced peak inward sodium currents with IC50 values of 1.2 mM (brain) and 1.0 mM (muscle). Analysis of steady state channel availability curves revealed two distinct effects of pentobarbital on both channel isoforms, i.e., a voltage-independent current reduction and an additional hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of channel availability. The latter effect leads to a voltage dependence of pentobarbital potency. Pentobarbital was also found to slow channel recovery after depolarization, yielding an additional use-dependent component of current suppression. Use-dependent block was enhanced by higher stimulation frequencies, longer pulse durations, and more depolarized holding and pulse potentials. All effects were identical for both channels. These findings can be explained in terms of the modulated receptor hypothesis and are consistent with a preferential interaction of pentobarbital with the inactivated channel state. As a consequence, actual pentobarbital potency would depend largely on experimental conditions or, in vivo, on the physiological parameters of a particular cell.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Xinyinqin: a computer-based heart sound simulator.

"Xinyinqin" is the Chinese phoneticized name of the Heart Sound Simulator (HSS). The "qin" in "Xinyinqin" is the Chinese name of a category of musical instruments, which means that the operation of HSS is very convenient--like playing an electric piano with the keys. HSS is connected to the GAME I/O of an Apple microcomputer. The generation of sound is controlled by a program. Xinyinqin is used as a teaching aid of Diagnostics. It has been applied in teaching for three years. In this demonstration we will introduce the following functions of HSS: 1) The main program has two modules. The first one is the heart auscultation training module. HSS can output a heart sound selected by the student. Another program module is used to test the student's learning condition. The computer can randomly simulate a certain heart sound and ask the student to name it. The computer gives the student's answer an assessment: "correct" or "incorrect." When the answer is incorrect, the computer will output that heart sound again for the student to listen to; this process is repeated until she correctly identifies it. 2) The program is convenient to use and easy to control. By pressing the S key, it is able to output a slow heart rate until the student can clearly identify the rhythm. The heart rate, like the actual rate of a patient, can then be restored by hitting any key. By pressing the SPACE BAR, the heart sound output can be stopped to allow the teacher to explain something to the student. The teacher can resume playing the heart sound again by hitting any key; she can also change the content of the training by hitting RETURN key. In the future, we plan to simulate more heart sounds and incorporate relevant graphs.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1995

Enormous knowledge base of disease diagnosis criteria.

One of the problems in the development of the medical knowledge systems is the limitations of the system's knowledge. It is a common expectation to increase the number of diseases contained in a system. Using a high density knowledge representation method designed by us, we have developed the Enormous Knowledge Base of Disease Diagnosis Criteria (EKBDDC). It contains diagnostic criteria of 1,001 diagnostic entities and describes nearly 4,000 items of diagnostic indicators. It is the core of a huge medical project--the Electronic-Brain Medical Erudite (EBME). This enormous knowledge base was implemented initially on a low-cost popular microcomputer, which can aid in the prompting of typical disease and in teaching of diagnosis. The knowledge base is easy to expand. One of the main goals of EKBDDC is to increase the number of diseases included in it as far as possible using a low-cost computer with a comparatively small storage capacity. For this, we have designed a high density knowledge representation method. Criteria of various diagnostic entities are respectively stored in different records of the knowledge base. Each diagnostic entity corresponds to a diagnostic criterion data set; each data set consists of some diagnostic criterion data values (Table 1); each data is composed of two parts: integer and decimal; the integral part is the coding number of the given diagnostic information, and the decimal part is the diagnostic value of this information to the disease indicated by corresponding record number. For example, 75.02: the integer 75 is the coding number of "hemorrhagic skin rash"; the decimal 0.02 is the diagnostic value of this manifestation for diagnosing allergic purpura. TABULAR DATA, SEE PUBLISHED ABSTRACT. The algebraic sum method, a special form of the weighted summation, is adopted as mathematical model. In EKBDDC, the diagnostic values, which represent the significance of the disease manifestations for diagnosing corresponding diseases, were determined empirically. It is of a great economical, practical, and technical significance to realize enormous knowledge bases of disease diagnosis criteria on a low-cost popular microcomputer. This is beneficial for the developing countries to popularize medical informatics. To create the enormous international computer-aided diagnosis system, one may jointly develop the unified modules of disease diagnosis criteria used to "inlay" relevant computer-aided diagnosis systems. It is just like assembling a house using prefabricated panels.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1993

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of retinoic acid receptor-alpha and promyelocytic leukemia rearrangements. Detection of the t(15;17) translocation in the diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized cytogenetically by a balanced reciprocal chromosomal translocation t(15;17) (q22;q21). This translocation involves the retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RAR-alpha) on chromosome 17 and the promyelocytic leukemia locus (PML) on chromosome 15 and results in the transcription of novel fusion messenger RNAs. In this study, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was applied to the detection of the t(15;17) translocation in twenty-six clinical specimens cytologically diagnosed by French-American-British criteria as APL. This technique could readily be applied to both fresh and nonviably frozen tumor samples. In 24 of 26 samples, rearrangements of the PML and RAR-alpha, loci could be detected by Southern blotting after digestion with MluI and BssHII. Furthermore, co-migration of the rearranged fragments, detected by hybridization to probes for the PML and RAR-alpha genes, demonstrated that these loci were juxtaposed. The translocation was detected in specimens at the time of initial diagnosis, on differentiation therapy with retinoic acid and at the time of relapse. The diagnostic accuracy was compared to cytogenetics and the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for the novel PML-RAR-alpha fusion transcript. The samples from two patients were negative by all three diagnostic methods, and both of these patients failed to respond to all-trans retinoic acid. In the other 24 APL samples, cytogenetics was positive in only 76.9% of the cases, whereas both reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and PFGE methods detected the translocation in 100% of the cases. Thus, PFGE can readily detect the t(15;17) translocation in both viable and nonviable clinical specimens and can improve the diagnostic accuracy of morphology and cytogenetics in APL. In contrast to conventional electrophoresis based on rearrangement of RAR-alpha, the ability to demonstrate directly co-migration of the PML and RAR-alpha loci enables this method to distinguish the t(15;17) translocation from variant translocations such as the t(11;15). Because PFGE can be performed on nonviable, frozen tumor samples, it could be diagnostically useful in APL when the RNA-based reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction cannot be performed.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15↗
PubMed1993

[Plant regeneration from hypocotyl protoplasts of Lycium barbarum L].

The hypocotyl protoplasts of Lycium barbarum L. CV. Ningji No. 1 were isolated in an enzyme mixture solution containing 1% cellulase and 1% pectinase. The protoplasts were cultured in KM 8 p liquid medium containing 0.3 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.3 mg/L BA, The first division of regenerated cells occurred 3 days after culture. The small cell clumps could be observed by naked eyes 20 days after culture. 40 days after culture, microcalli of 1-2 mm in size were transferred to MS solid differentiation medium containing 3% sugar, 0.1-0.4 mg/L BA and 0.05-0.1 mg/L NAA. About 30 days after culture on MS solid medium, the calli with shoots were transferred to 1/2 MS medium containing 0.1 mg/L BA and 0.2 mg/L IBA, from which 80% of them differentiated roots and regenerated whole plantlets.

Culture Techniques↗