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Biomedical subjects

Y Hama

Publications and source records attributed to Y Hama.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Clinicopathological characteristics of atypical cystic duct (ACD) of the breast: assessment of ACD as a precancerous lesion.

To clarify the clinicopathological features of an atypical cystic duct (ACD) as defined by Tsuchiya's criteria as a precancerous lesion of the breast, we used 200 whole mammary gland serial sections of breast cancer. Forty-four (22%) of the 200 breast cancer patients had ACD breast lesions. The frequency of patients with ACD increased in premenopausal women (P = 0.001). There was no correlation between the ACD-present group and the ACD-absent group for immunohistochemical status of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), p53, or c-erbB2; Ki-67 labeling index of cancer tissues; size of tumor, or lymph node metastases. A number of ACD lesions displayed continuity to cancer lesions. In 500 serial sections of a paraffin-embedded tissue of a ACD case at 3 microm intervals, an apparent transition from ACD into ductal carcinoma in situ was observed. Immunohistochemical analysis using alpha-smooth muscle actin showed that myoepithelial cells of ACD stained strongly, and their nuclei and cytoplasm were thinning. In 16 of the 44 (36%) ACD-present patients, carcinoma cells stained positive for p53. Within those 16 cases, 12 cases (75%) were positive for p53 in ACD lesions. There was a significant correlation between the expression of p53 protein in malignant cells and ACD (P = 0.001). All 44 ACD lesions had no staining of c-erbB2, regardless of staining in malignant lesions. The mean Ki-67 labeling index of ACD lesions was low (0.3%), suggesting that ACD had a low proliferative rate. We suggest that ACD is the precancerous breast lesion because of a histologic continuum between ACD and malignancy, and because of p53 protein expression in ACD.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Clinical recurrence of papillary thyroid cancer in the remnant lobe.

OBJECTIVE: To find out which factors predict recurrence of cancer in the remnant after unilateral thyroid lobectomy for patients with papillary cancer. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Teaching hospital, Japan. SUBJECTS: One hundred thirty-three patients with a clinically solitary papillary thyroid cancer who had unilateral lobectomy for the primary disease between 1966 and 1990 and were followed up for more than 60 months. Twelve patients had developed recurrences in the remnant gland by the time of the second operation and 121 patients had not as judged by a second operation, an ultrasound examination, or by palpation. RESULT: The primary tumour size in those who developed recurrences was significantly larger than in those who did not (p < 0.0001), and clinical signs of regional lymph node involvement or distant metastases were also significantly more common (p = 0.006). No patient died of their cancer. CONCLUSION: Size of the primary tumour is an important prognostic factor for recurrence of solitary papillary thyroid cancer in the remnant after unilateral lobectomy. Such recurrences are unlikely to be lethal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Tumor Marker Levels Elevate False-Positively in Postsurgical Breast Cancer Patients with High sGPT Levels or with Receiving Oral 5-FU or Its Derivatives.

BACKGROUND: False elevation of tumor marker levels (TM) has been encountered in some postsurgical breast cancer patients. METHODS: We investigated 33 postsurgical breast cancer patients whose TM (CEA, CA15-3, NCC-ST-439, or BCA225) measured every 3 months, showed elevation 3 times in a row in a 6-month period, and in whom metastases were not detected at theend of the 6-month period. Nine patients developed recurrence within 36 months of the end of the 6-month period and 24 patients did not develop recurrence for more than 36 months after the end of the 6-month period. RESULTS: Seven patients who stopped treatment with oral 5-FU or its derivatives because of severe nausea and appetite loss did not develop recurrence. Normalization of TM (CEA, NCC-ST-439, or BCA225) manifested within 3 months of the interruption of the medication. Six patients who showed simultaneous increase in serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (sGPT) and TM (CEA or BCA225) in the initial 6months did not develop recurrence. Three of 6 patients did not take any anti-cancer drugs. Correlation coefficiencies of sGPT with CEA in 4 patients were 0.467, 0.569, 0.738, and 0.910 and those of sGPT with BCA225 in 3 patients were 0.663, 0.826, and 0.840. CONCLUSION: A false-positive increase in CEA, NCC-ST-439 or BCA225 might be caused by treatment with oral 5-FU or its derivatives. CEA or BCA225 elevates false-positively in patients with high sGPT levels.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Preoperative embolization of meningiomas with pial supply: successful treatment of two cases.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of preoperative embolization for hypervascular meningiomas fed by the pial branches of the internal carotid artery was evaluated. METHODS: Two cases of hypervascular meningiomas fed by the cortical branches of the internal carotid arteries are presented. In the first patient, the left anterior frontal internal artery was embolized with gelatin sponge (Gelfoam) as a preoperative treatment using a microcatheter. The tumor was totally resected with 1,000 ml of blood loss. In the second patient, the right sulcal artery was embolized with Gelfoam. The patient subsequently underwent surgical resection with 100 mL of blood loss. RESULTS: No neurological deficit appeared after the embolization or the surgery in either case. CONCLUSION: Preoperative embolization of hypervascular meningiomas, mainly fed by the cortical branches of the internal carotid arteries, may be possible and effective.

Carotid Artery, Internal↗
PubMed1999

Daily positioning accuracy of frameless stereotactic radiation therapy with a fusion of computed tomography and linear accelerator (focal) unit: evaluation of z-axis with a z-marker.

To evaluate quantitative positioning errors of frameless stereotactic radiation therapy with a fusion of computed tomography (CT) and linear accelerator unit, Z-type CT markers were attached to patients, and CT images were obtained before and after daily treatment. In 40 verification tests, geometrical errors were never more than 1 mm.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1999

Three-dimensional structure of the micro-blood vessels in thyroid tumors analyzed by immunohistochemistry coupled with image analysis.

The structure of micro-blood vessels, one of the most important factors influencing the tumor growth and tumor metastasis among histological types of thyroid malignancy, was analyzed immunochemically by staining tissues for platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1). Human thyroid tumor tissue obtained at surgery, consisting of 18 cases of papillary carcinoma, 9 cases of follicular carcinoma, and 9 cases of anaplastic carcinoma were fixed in formalin solution, and paraffin sections were made. They were stained for PECAM-1 using the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) technique. The volume of the blood vessels and their three-dimensional (3D) structure were analyzed using an image analyzer. The volume ratios of blood vessels in thyroid tissues were: normal tissues, 1.10%; papillary carcinoma, 3.01%; follicular carcinoma, 8.13%; and anaplastic carcinoma, 0.91%. Ratios in malignant tumors were larger than in normal tissues, except for anaplastic carcinoma. The typical 3D structure of micro-blood vessels was histopathologically varied: branching tree-like blood vessels in papillary carcinomas; vessels of varied diameter surrounding follicle structure in follicular carcinomas; and simple and immature vessels in anaplastic carcinomas. The volume and 3D structure of micro-blood vessels in thyroid malignant tumors differed from those in normal tissues, and varied according to histological classification.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed1999

Quantitative anhydrous mercaptolysis of algal galactans followed by HPLC of component sugars.

This paper describes a new HPLC method for the sugar analysis of algal galactans containing 3,6-anhydrogalactose, which is readily destroyed during usual acid hydrolysis and methanolysis. By anhydrous mercaptolysis of galactans at 60 degreesC for 6 h with the newly developed solvent system, 0.5 N HCl/[ethanethiol:methanol (2:1, v/v)], component sugars, including 3,6-anhydrogalactose, were liberated quantitatively as their diethyl dithioacetals. The resultant sugar diethyl dithioacetals were found to have strong UV-absorption (absorption maximum of 3,6-anhydrogalactose diethyl dithioacetal in water, 191-192 nm; molar extinction coefficient, 4,400). The sugar diethyl dithioacetals were then resolved simultaneously within 15 min by reversed phase HPLC with 30% acetonitrile as the eluent and detected by UV-absorption at 215 nm. Amounts of sugar diethyl dithioacetals less than 50 pmol can be determined without further derivatization.

Absorption↗
PubMed1999

Pseudogout attack associated with chronic thyroiditis and Sjögren's syndrome.

A 66-year-old woman, diagnosed with chronic thyroiditis at age 63, presented with anorexia and fatigue. Therapy for the chronic thyroiditis consisted of levothyroxine sodium (100 microg/day). Her symptoms were attributed to the insufficient supply of levothyroxine sodium. Following a dosage increase to 150 microg/day, she suffered from an acute attack of pseudogout. Clinical features were complicated by Sjögren's syndrome, which appeared after treatment onset. Pseudogout was effectively treated by colchicine after administration of diclofenac sodium failed to alleviate the symptoms. Pseudogout is a recognized complication of thyroid replacement therapy, but association with Sjögren's syndrome has not been previously reported.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Transcatheter embolization of a superior mesenteric artery pseudoaneurysm. A case report.

A 61-year-old man, with pseudoaneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding, was successfully treated by transcatheter embolization using interlocking detachable coils. During the following observation time of 10 months, the patient had no sign of gastrointestinal bleeding. We underline the importance and feasibility of transcatheter embolization as the first-line treatment in such pseudoaneurysms.

Aneurysm, False↗
PubMed1998

A gas chromatographic method for the sugar analysis of 3,6-anhydrogalactose-containing algal galactans.

This paper describes a new gas chromatographic method for the compositional analysis of algal galactans containing 3,6-anhydrogalactose, which is readily destroyed in usual acid hydrolysis and methanolysis. Mercaptolysis of galactans was carried out under an anhydrous condition using the newly developed solvent system, an ethanethiolic HCl solution which had been prepared by blowing dry HCl gas into ethanethiol. By heating galactans in 0.5 N HCl/ethanethiol at 60 degrees C for 12 h, component sugars including 3,6-anhydrogalactose were released quantitatively as their diethyl mercaptals. The monosaccharide diethyl mercaptals were trimethylsilylated and analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Each component monosaccharide was detected as a single peak since neither anomeric nor structural isomers can be produced by mercaptolysis. Furthermore, the solvent system was improved by the addition of methanol in a ratio (2/1, v/v) of ethanethiol to methanol. Heating of galactans at 60 degrees C in 0.5 N HCl/[ethanethiol:methanol (2/1, v/v)] released more rapidly and quantitatively monosaccharide diethyl mercaptals without any formation of monosaccharide methyl glycosides. The present method was applicable to not only algal galactans but also algal powders.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Novel V184E MEN1 germline mutation in a Japanese kindred with familial hyperparathyroidism.

We studied the MEN1 gene in a kindred where three patients (the proposita and two of her sons) were affected with hyperparathyroidism. By polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based direct sequencing of 10 exons of MEN1, a novel germline mutation was identified in the proposita. This mutation, a T-to-A transition at codon 184 in exon 3, predicts an amino acid change from valine to glutamine (V184E). PCR-single-strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis of exon 3 followed by sequencing showed the same mutation in the two sons, and in two clinically normal granddaughters of an affected son. Since the T-to-A substitution segregated with the disorder in the kindred except for the granddaughters and it was not detected in 100 alleles from 50 normal individuals, the change observed in MEN1 is not a polymorphism, but causes familial hyperparathyroidism. Thus the two grandchildren with the mutation were diagnosed as presymptomatic carriers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Bilateral Synchronous Spindle Cell, Apocrine and Scirrhous Carcinoma Breast Cancer in a Case of Malignant Lymphoma.

An unusual case of synchronous bilateral breast cancer occurring during combination chemotherapy and radiation to the outside of the breast for malignant lymphoma is reported. Two histologically rare carcinomas, spindle cell carcinoma and apocrine carcinoma, were observed in this case. A 77-year-old woman, who had been treated for stage IIIA non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, developed bilateral breast tumors. Aspiration biopsy cytology findings of the tumor in the left breast showed several clusters of adenocarcinoma cells and some large atypical spindle shaped cells, which suggested spindle cell carcinoma. The cytologic findings of the right breast tumor were highly suggestive of scirrhous carcinoma. A modified radical mastectomy was performed on both breasts. Pathological examination disclosed two separate cancer lesions in the left breast. The lesion which had been detected before the operation, was a spindle cell carcinoma. Another lesion, detected for the first time by pathological examination, was an apocrine carcinoma. The lesion in the right breast was a scirrhous carcinoma. Since non-invasive fociwere detected in these three cancer lesions, each lesion was thought to be a primary cancer. All dissected bilateral axillary lymph nodes showed malignant lymphoma. Immuno-histochemistry of the spindle cell carcinoma revealed positive immunoreactivity for cytokeratin, which suggested the epithelial as well as mesenchymal nature of this tumor. Synchronous existence of malignant lymphoma and three independent breast cancers including spindle cell carcinoma and apocrine carcinoma is very rare.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Changes in thyroid function and immunological parameters long after subtotal thyroidectomy for Graves' disease.

OBJECTIVE: To find out whether subtotal thyroidectomy results in long term stable functional and immunological remission in patients with Graves' disease. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Teaching hospital, Japan. SUBJECTS: 176 patients who underwent subtotal thyroidectomy for Graves' disease, 1970-79. INTERVENTION: Follow up surveys in 1984 and 1992. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in thyroid function, antibody titres, and lymphocyte subsets. RESULTS: 29/79 patients (39%) who were euthyroid in 1984 had evidence of thyroid dysfunction in 1992. Of the 8 patients with latent hypothyroidism in 1984, 3 (38%) had become euthyroid by 1992, and none required treatment. Of the 29 patients who were hypothyroid in 1984, 5 had latent hypothyroidism and 1 was euthyroid in 1992, and of the 18 patients with recurrent hyperthyroidism in 1984, 1 had become euthyroid by 1992. The number of positive titres to TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin was significantly higher in the recurrence group (31/36, 86%) compared with the hypothyroid (7/26, 27%), latent hypothyroidism (8/37, 22%), and euthyroid (22/77, 29%) groups (p < 0.01). There were also significant differences in the mean (SD) number of Leu HLA DR subsets between the control (17 (3), n = 18) and recurrence (21 (6), n = 38), hypothyroid (22 (6), n = 35), latent hypothyroidism (22 (6), n = 22), and euthyroid (22 (9), n = 64) groups (p < 0.002). There were no differences in the number of T cell subsets among the groups. CONCLUSION: Treatment of Graves' disease by subtotal thyroidectomy does not necessarily result in stable late functional or immunological remission. Long term follow up of such patients may be necessary.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1998

Effectiveness of preoperative radioactive iodine (131I) therapy for locally advanced papillary thyroid cancer: a case report.

We report here the effectiveness of preoperative radioactive iodine-131 (131I) therapy for locally advanced thyroid cancer. A 57-year-old woman demonstrated a hard neck tumor that markedly invaded the surrounding organs. The cytological diagnosis of the tumor using fine-needle aspiration biopsy was papillary carcinoma. Because curative resection of the tumor appeared difficult at her first visit, 131I therapy was performed prior to surgery and was more useful than expected. After 3 131I treatments, the tumor size was greatly reduced, and the patient underwent a curative operation. Histopathological diagnosis was well differentiated papillary carcinoma, pT4 and pN1b. The postoperative clinical course was uneventful. There have been no definitive reports using 131I as preoperative treatment for inoperable thyroid cancer. We suggest that 131I therapy may also be beneficial as neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced thyroid carcinoma.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1998

Spectroscopic investigation on the interaction of NCA0424, a potent antitumor indoloquinoxaline derivative, with DNA.

NCA0424 (1), an indoloquinoxaline derivative, has a potent antitumor activity against in vitro and in vivo tumor models. To elucidate its structure-activity relationship, the interactions with various B-form DNAs were investigated by thermal denaturation, viscosity and circular dichroism (CD) measurements. The thermal stability of the DNA duplex was increased by the interaction with 1, and preferable binding for alternative purine-pyrimidine base sequence was suggested. Comparative viscometric measurements with ethidium bromide (an intercalator) and distamycin (a minor groove binder) suggested that 1 is an intercalator. The interaction of DNA with 1 revealed a new CD band at 340-390 nm. Taking advantage of this induced CD band, the equilibrium binding constants were determined for various DNAs, and the binding preference of 1 for the alternative purine-pyrimidine base sequence, especially for the case of guanine as purine base, was indicated. The appearance of the induced CD band implies the importance of 1 side chain for the effective and/or stable intercalation of the aromatic ring into the DNA base pair.

Antineoplastic Agents↗