[Perioperative parenteral and enteral nutritional management for colorectal cancer patients].
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Colorectal Neoplasms↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Hashiguchi
Publications and source records attributed to Y Hashiguchi.
Characterisation of Bangladeshi Leishmania isolated from kala-azar patients by isoenzyme electrophoresis.
To identify the prevalent Leishmania species in Bangladesh, a total of nine patients aged 4-35 years, were studied; six (66.7%) of them were below 20 years of age. All the patients were clinically diagnosed to have visceral leishmaniasis; their haematological profile was in accordance with leishmaniasis and all were improved after treatment with sodium stibogluconate. All the aspirated materials (eight bone marrows and one splenic aspirate) yielded growth of Leishmania parasite in NNN media; Leishman-Donovan bodies were found in seven (77.8%) of them in a Giemsa stained smear. Aldehyde test (AT) was positive in all the nine cases examined, whereas, complement fixation test (CFT) was positive in seven (77.8%) and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) in eight (88.9%) cases. In this study, five of the nine isolates from kala-azar patients were characterised by isoenzyme analysis comparing with five WHO reference strains viz., Leishmania (Leishmania) donovani (DD8), L.(L.) donovani (HU3), L.(L.) infantum (IPT-1), L.(L.) tropica (K-27) and L.(L.) major (5-ASKH) using cellulose acetate electrophoresis. By analysing 11 soluble isoenzymes it was found that all five WHO reference strains had distinct electrophoretic mobility of the isoenzymes studied. No interspecies difference was observed amongst the five isolates from kala-azar patients examined and their isoenzyme profiles were consistent with WHO reference strain of L.(L.) donovani (DD8) but different from L.(L.) donovani (HU3).
Adolescent↗
Evaluation of indirect fluorescent antibody test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of hepatic amebiasis in Bangladesh.
Serum samples of 31 amebic liver abscess (ALA) patients, 8 amebic hepatitis (AH) patients, and 60 controls were tested for anti-amebic IgG by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect fluorescent antibody tests (IFAT). Sera of 29 (93.6%) ALA and 6 (75%) AH patients and 2 (3.3%) control subjects were positive by IFAT. Anti-amebic antibody titer above the cutoff point (= 0.168; x + 2 SD of control sera) was observed in sera of 27 (87%) ALA, 4 (50%) AH, and 1 (1.7%) control by ELISA. All the 8 pus samples were positive for anti-amebic antibodies by IFAT and ELISA. Sensitivity of ELISA was 87% for ALA, with a positive predictive value of 0.96, and 50% for AH cases, with a positive predictive value of 0.80. The sensitivity of IFAT was 93.6% for ALA, with a positive predictive value of 0.94, and 75% for AH, with a positive predictive value of 0.75. When pus samples were tested, the sensitivity was 100% for both tests. The specificity was 98.3% for ELISA and 96.7% for IFAT. Although not significant, IFAT was found more sensitive than ELISA (P>0.05).
Animals↗
[Radiation-induced nervous system injury].
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Brachial Plexus Neuropathies↗
Socioeconomic status, clinical features, laboratory and parasitological findings of hepatic amebiasis patients--a hospital based prospective study in Bangladesh.
Socioeconomic status, clinical, laboratory and parasitological features of 31 hospitalized amebic liver abscess (ALA) and 8 amebic hepatitis (AH) patients were studied. Thirty-seven (94.9%) of the total 39 cases were from low socioeconomic class and 2 (5.1%) were from middle class (p<0.001). Sixteen (51.6%) ALA and 5 (62.5%) AH patients were admitted with duration of disease for 3 weeks or more. Twenty-one (67.7%) ALA and 3 (37.5%) AH cases gave no previous history of diarrhea or dysentery. Epigastric pain was the predominant symptoms in 71% patients compared to high fever (19.4%), nausea and vomiting (9.7%). Neutrophilic leukocytosis was found in 9 (29.0%) ALA and 2 (25%) AH cases. Raised alkaline phosphatase was the predominant abnormal liver function test found elevated in 22 (71.0%) ALA and 5 (62.5%) AH cases. Three (7.7%) of the 5 (12.8%) microscopy positive stool samples yielded growth of Entamoeba histolytica in culture. The right lobe was involved in 28 (90.3%) ALA cases; 29 (93.5%) patients had single abscess. Bacterial super infection was observed in 1 (12.5%) abscess, reactive changes in right lung was observed in 6 (19.4%) ALA and 1 (12.5%) AH cases. Ascaris lumbricoides was the predominant associated intestinal parasite.
Adolescent↗
Structural and functional analysis of the LaMDR1 multidrug resistance gene in Leishmania amazonensis.
We determined primary sequences of the LaMDR1 gene in Leishmania amazonensis, a protozoan parasite that causes cutaneous leishmaniasis. The longest open reading frame encodes 1341 amino acids for a protein consisting of two similar halves, each containing six putative transmembrane domains and one ATP-binding domain. The protein has no potential N-glycosylation sites at the extracellular region. The LaMDR1 protein was 91 and 78% identical to the closely related ldmdr1 in L. donovani and lemdr1 in L. enriettii, respectively, revealing less conservation in the C-terminal than in the N-terminal transmembrane domains. Transfection of LaMDR1 conferred a multidrug resistance phenotype to wild-type promastigotes, which exhibited a significant level of resistance to vinblastine, doxorubicin, and actinomycin D, but not to puromycin and colchicine. This drug specificity of LaMDR1 was overlapping with but distinct from that of ldmdr1, suggesting functional diversity of MDR1 proteins among different Leishmania species.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
Intraoperative irradiation after surgery for locally recurrent rectal cancer.
PURPOSE: This study retrospectively evaluated the effects of intraoperative electron beam irradiation on patients with locally recurrent (pelvic) rectal cancer. METHODS: From November 1, 1975, to December 31, 1997, 51 patients underwent surgery for locally recurrent rectal or rectosigmoid cancer, and 27 patients received intraoperative electron beam irradiation. The intraoperative electron beam irradiation dose was 15 to 30 Gy. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates at three and five years were analyzed for the 47 patients who recovered postoperatively. RESULTS: Statistically significant factors related to survival included intraoperative electron beam irradiation vs. no intraoperative electron beam irradiation (P=0.0007), amount of residual tumor (slight vs. gross; P=0.0022), and symptom status (P=0.0024). Factors not associated with survival included distant metastases at reoperation, type of surgery for the recurrent tumor, external beam irradiation, pathologic grade, age, and gender. Surgical resection without intraoperative electron beam irradiation resulted in three-year and five-year survival rates of 5 and 0 percent, respectively. For patients who received intraoperative electron beam irradiation, the three-year survival rate was 43 percent and five-year survival rate was 21 percent. Intraoperative electron beam irradiation was a statistically significant factor related to survival in patients with and without distant metastasis (P=0.04 and P=0.0035, respectively), with slight residual tumor (P=0.0003), or with palliative surgery (P=0.0276). CONCLUSION: The trends seen in resection with intraoperative electron beam irradiation are encouraging with regard to improvements in survival as compared with studies not using intraoperative electron beam irradiation treatment.
Adult↗
Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of Implanted VX2 tumors in rabbit muscle: comparison of Gd-DTPA and NMS60.
We studied the dynamics of injected contrast enhancement in implanted VX2 tumors in rabbit thigh muscle. We compared two contrast agents Gd-DTPA and NMS60, a novel gadolinium containing trimer of molecular weight 2.1 kd. T1-weighted spin echo images were acquired preinjection and at 5-60 min after i.v. injection of 0.1 mmol/kg of agent. Dynamic T1-weighted SPGR images (1.9 s/image) were acquired during the bolus injection. Male NZW rabbits (n = 13) were implanted with approximately 2 x 10(6) VX2 tumor cells and grew tumors of 28+/-27 mL over 12 to 21 days. NMS60 showed significantly greater peak enhancement in muscle, tumor rim, and core compared to DTPA in both T1-weighted and SPGR images. NMS60 also showed delayed peak enhancement in the dynamic scans (compared to Gd-DTPA) and significantly reduced leakage rate constant into the extravascular space for tumor rim (K21 = 5.1 min(-1) vs. 11.5 min(-1) based on a 2 compartment kinetic model). The intermediate weight contrast agent NMS60 offers greater tumor enhancement than Gd-DTPA and may offer improved regional differentiation on the basis of vascular permeability in tumors.
Animals↗
Use of urine samples from healthy humans, nephritis patients or other animals as an alternative to foetal calf serum in the culture of Leishmania (L.) donovani in vitro.
The effect of supplementing in-vitro cultures of Leishmania donovani with urine was investigated. The parasites were isolated from Bangladeshi patients with visceral leishmaniasis. The urine samples used were collected from healthy human donors, patients with nephrotic syndrome, diabetic nephritis (DN) or diabetes mellitus, a dog and a cow. Promastigotes from blood-agar cultures were inoculated into RPMI-1640 basal medium with 10% heat-inactivated foetal calf serum (FCS) and/or 1%-20% urine. The parasites were then counted in a haemocytometer, on days 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12 and 14 post-inoculation. From day 4, the numbers of parasites/ml in cultures containing 5% healthy-human urine but no FCS were at least as high as those in cultures containing 10% FCS but no urine (P = 0.191). The wet weights of parasites harvested from mass cultures of the parasites in RPMI-1640 plus 5% healthy-human urine and in RPMI-1640 plus 10% FCS were practically the same. Multiplication of the parasites in the presence of 5% urine from a DN patient was significantly greater (P < 0.01) than that seen with other urine samples at the same concentration or with 10% FCS. The multiplication seen with 8% canine urine was almost the same as with 5% healthy-human urine. Parasites could be maintained in RPMI-1640 plus 5% healthy-human urine for at least 40 days, sub-culturing every 4 days. Urine may be a better and much cheaper stimulant of Leishmania multiplication in vitro than FCS.
Animals↗
Cost effectiveness in the discrimination of leishmania species causing anthroponotic leishmaniases in Asia using selective enzymes.
In this study, an attempt was made to evaluate the usefulness of selective enzymes in the identification of Leishmania spp causing anthroponotic leishmaniasis in Asia, especially from a cost effectiveness point of view. For this purpose cellulose acetate electrophoresis was carried out to identify the Leishmania species of the Old World. After analyzing 11 enzymes 6PGDH was found to be the most polymorphic enzyme which could distinguish the WHO reference strains of the Leishmania species endemic in Asian countries like L.(L.) donovani (DD8), L. (L.) infantum (IPT-I), L.(L.) major (5ASKH), and L.(L.) tropica (K-27). Addition of another enzyme G6PDH improved the quality of diagnosis. Cost could be reduced manifold to discriminate the Asian Leishmania parasites by analyzing these two enzymes.
Animals↗
Rapid identification of Leishmania species from formalin-fixed biopsy samples by polymorphism-specific polymerase chain reaction.
The precise identification and classification of Leishmania species is important for public health surveillance since different species cause different clinical features of the disease. A highly specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panel was developed to enable the identification of the five major Leishmania species that cause New World cutaneous leishmaniases. The primers used for this panel were designed to distinguish the polymorphism in sequences of commonly amplified DNA bands of the parasites produced by arbitrarily primed PCR. These polymorphism-specific PCR diagnoses were performed with formalin-fixed biopsy specimens of the leishmanial lesions from four patients in Ecuador and one hamster skin lesion, and these lesions were determined to be caused by Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis, L. (Leishmania) mexicana, and L. (L.) amazonensis. The PCR panel may offer an important and practical approach to the standardized identification of Leishmania species in field examinations.
Animals↗
Differential responses of brain, liver, and muscle glycogen to opiates and surgical stress.
We examined the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannula implantation followed by the administration of morphine sulfate (MOR) and its metabolite, morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G), on the glycogen content of the brain, liver, and muscle. ICV cannulation resulted in nearly a 30% reduction in brain glycogen, and ICV MOR resulted in a 36% reduction in liver glycogen content compared to time-matched controls, but it had no additional effect on either the brain or muscle glycogen content. ICV M6G showed a more significant reduction, to 50% of liver glycogen, but it had no effect on either brain or muscle glycogen. Neither IV MOR nor M6G produced any significant alteration in tissue glycogen content. These results indicate that the stress response associated with neurosurgery, especially the placement of the ICV cannula, is associated with a decrement in brain glycogen. The activation of opioid receptors in the brain results in enhanced hepatic glycogenolysis but has no additional effect on the brain glycogen content.
Analgesics, Opioid↗
A preliminary study aimed at the detection of Leishmania parasites in subjects with cutaneous leishmaniasis using polymerase chain reaction.
As a basic study for future diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis, we tried to detect Leishmania parasites representing different species in the subgenera Leishmania and Viannia from subject patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the subgenus Viannia specific primer. Four out of the 14 specimens revealed an amplified DNA of 70 bp specific for the subgenus Viannia (L. braziliensis complex). No bands were detected in the rest of the specimens belonging to the subgenus Leishmania and unclassified groups. The base sequences of the amplified DNA corresponded with those of the L. (V). braziliensis kinetoplast minicircle. We concluded that PCR using the present primer specific for the subgenus Viannia would be useful in detecting Leishmania parasites in lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by the L. braziliensis complex.
Animals↗
Comparative studies of the detection rates of Leishmania parasites from formalin, ethanol-fixed, frozen human skin specimens by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting.
In this study, detection rates of Leishmania parasites from human skin were compared among three different types of specimens, formalin-fixed, ethanol-fixed, and frozen, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blotting. For this purpose, we used biopsy specimens collected from 19 leishmaniasis patients and performed PCR and Southern hybridization with the probe specific for Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis complex. Among these 19, 16 specimens were from cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), one, diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) and 2, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) and were formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded. The causative agents for one case of CL and one case of DCL were already identified as L. (Leishmania) complex. Six specimens of CL were preserved in 100% ethanol. Two specimens of MCL were frozen tissues. PCR using the formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens revealed positive bands at 70 bp in 9 (47.4%) out of 19 specimens of CL, MCL and DCL. Southern blotting detected the signals in 12 (63.2%) out of the 19. PCR using the 100% ethanol-fixed specimens revealed positive bands in 4 (66.7%) out of 6, and Southern blotting also detected the signals in 4 (66.7%) out of the 6. PCR and Southern blotting using 2 frozen specimens of MCL were always positive (100%). Although we failed to detect significant differences by Chi-square test between the results from the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens and those from 100% ethanol-fixed ones, we concluded that ethanol-fixed specimens, convenient for transportation and storage, would be more useful for diagnosis of leishmaniasis by PCR in a developing country.
Adolescent↗
Exogenous interleukin-3 enhances IL-4 production by splenic CD4+ cells during the early stages of a Trichinella spiralis infection.
Treatment with recombinant interleukin-3 (rIL-3) augmented IL-4 production of spleen cells in mice infected with Trichinella spiralis. In a previous report, we showed that treatment with rIL-3 accelerated IgE responsiveness in mice. We have examined IL-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma production by spleen cells from both rIL-3-treated and untreated mice during the early stages of infection. The results indicated that IL-4 production was enhanced in rIL-3-treated mice compared to that in untreated mice. In contrast, there was no difference in IFN-gamma production between the two groups. Augmentation of IL-4 production was dependent on the dose of rIL-3 injected before infection. To examine if the treatment with rIL-3 affects T cell function, spleen cells from mice treated with various doses of rIL-3 were cultured under the stimulation with anti-CD3 (T cell receptor complex) mAb and then assessed for cytokine production. IL-4 production increased depending on the dose of rIL-3, while IFN-gamma production did not. Furthermore, spleen cells were separated by surface markers, Thy1.2, CD4 and CD8. Thy1. 2+ cell population responded significantly to produce IL-4 after anti-CD3 stimulation, when compared with IL-4 production of Thy1.2- cell population. A major producer of IL-4 in T cells was CD4+ cell population but not CD8+ cell population. IL-4 production was suppressed in rIL-3-treated mice injected with anti-CD4 mAb. These results suggest that IL-3 might play a role as Th2 amplifier in immune response to parasite infection.
Animals↗
Leishmania mini-exon genes for molecular epidemiology of leishmaniasis in China and Ecuador.
The mini-exon gene is unique and is tandemly repeated in the Leishmania genome. The transcribed region is highly conserved, but the non-transcribed spacer region is distinct in length and in sequence among different Leishmania species. The usefulness of PCR amplification of the Leishmania mini-exon gene was examined for molecular epidemiology of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. We previously described a PCR method for amplification of the mini-exon gene and obtained positive amplification in bone marrow aspirates of patients with visceral leishmaniasis in China. In this study, we have cloned and sequenced two PCR products from the patients. The sequences of two products revealed 100% identity and showed more similarity to the mini-exon gene of L. donovani Indian strain than those of L. donovani complex in Africa and South America. We also applied this PCR method to the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. We obtained positive PCR amplification in skin biopsy materials taken from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ecuador. Since this PCR amplification is simple and requires only a pair of primers to detect all Leishmania species distributed in Ecuador, the method may be a useful tool for the detection of parasites, not only from patients, but also from sandflies and reservoir animals in this area of endemicity.
Animals↗
Nitric oxide inhibition decreases neutrophil adhesion at the inflammatory site, while increasing adhesion in remote organs in peritonitis.
Nitric oxide (NO) is a regulator of leukocyte adhesion in the microcirculation. This study was designed to examine the effects of a NO synthase inhibitor on neutrophil adhesion in the peritoneum, lung, liver, and kidney in a rat peritonitis model using a fluorescence microscopic method. Sprague-Dawley rats were given normal saline (control) or N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) at dosages of 10 mg/kg (N10) or 100 mg/kg (N100) (n = 66) intraperitoneally. One hour after pretreatment fluorescein-labeled neutrophils were infused without bacterial challenge (0 hr). Other rats received an injection of 10(7) Escherichia coli into the peritoneal cavity 1 hr after pretreatment. Labeled neutrophils were infused 1 and 5 hr after bacterial challenge. Just 2 min after neutrophil injection, blood samples were obtained and the animals were killed. Five peritoneal samples (omentum, mesentery, parietal peritoneum, colon, and ileum), both lungs, the liver, and the right kidney were harvested for counting of labeled neutrophils under epifluorescent microscopy. Combined plasma nitrite/nitrate levels were determined. In another set of rats (n = 36), an arterial catheter was inserted after L-NAME treatment and bacterial challenge. At 0, 1, 5, and 12 hr after challenge, blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial blood gas data were measured. One hour after E. coli challenge, the number of neutrophils in the peritoneum was significantly lower in both L-NAME-treated groups than in the control group. In contrast, the number of labeled neutrophils in the lungs was significantly higher in the N100 group than in the control group. Neutrophil accumulation in the lungs and peritoneum at 0 and 5 hr and in the liver and kidney at 0, 1, and 5 hr did not differ among groups, nor did combined plasma nitrite/nitrate levels. L-NAME treatment had no influence on either hemodynamic or blood gas data. In conclusion, administration of L-NAME increases neutrophil adhesion in the lung, while decreasing that in the peritoneum. NO plays an important role in neutrophil adhesion at the inflammatory site, as well as in remote organs, during peritonitis. NO inhibition may be detrimental, due to neutrophil sequestration, in this peritonitis model.
Animals↗