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Biomedical subjects

Y Hashiguchi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Hashiguchi.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Immunological reactivity and passive protective activity of monoclonal antibodies against protective antigen (PAg) of Leptospira interrogans serovar lai.

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) AG1 against the protective antigen (PAg) was produced and characterized. It had been extracted from Leptospira interrogans serovar lai by the chloroform-methanol-water method and was of glycolipid nature (23-30Kd). The fact that the PAg was a serogroup-specific antigen was shown by MAb AG1, because MAb AG1 agglutinated serovars of serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae. Purified MAb LW2 and LW3 which are agglutinating antibodies of serovar lai and AG1 passively protected hamsters from leptospiral infection. Induction of the reactive oxygen intermediates by MAbs from peritoneal exudate macrophages of mice were observed in the chemical luminescence assay and the MAbs reacted with the PAg in the dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. However, MAb LW4a against the genus-specific antigen present in the sub-surface of leptospiral cells did not show protective and reactive-oxygen-inducing activities; they reacted with the non-protective glycolipid antigen of low molecular weight (Fr I, 10-15Kd) in the dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These results indicated that anti-PAg antibody exhibited opsonic activity against Leptospira and the production of reactive oxygens by macrophages led to leptospiricidal action as one of the defence mechanisms of the host against leptospiral infection. However, the antibody against the genus-specific glycolipid antigen may not be important for protection against leptospiral infection.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1989

Further studies on the effect of cyclosporin A on the course of Paragonimus infection in rats.

Paragonimus ohirai-infected rats were treated with cyclosporin A (CyA) at different times during the course of infection. CyA (5 x 80 mg/kg) affected the worm recovery, growth and maturation rates of P. ohirai with respect to control values. This tendency was most remarkable in animals treated 15 days and more after infection with CyA (groups B, +15 to +19 days; C, +25 to +29; D, +35 to +39 and E, +45 to +49). In group A (0 to +4), however, the drug did not affect markedly the growth and maturation of worms, although it significantly lowered worm recovery rates. CyA administration also affected normal migration of P. ohirai in the highly susceptible host (rat), when the drug was administered during the peritoneal and/or liver phase of infection. Thus, in this P. ohirai/rat model, CyA significantly reduced worm recovery rates, and affected the growth, maturation and migration of the worms depending on the time of administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Identification, using isoenzyme electrophoresis and monoclonal antibodies, of Leishmania isolated from humans and wild animals of Ecuador.

Six strains of Leishmania isolated from wild mammals and humans on the Pacific Coast of Ecuador were identified by isoenzyme electrophoresis and by their reactivity patterns to a cross-panel of specific monoclonal antibodies using a radioimmune binding assay. Single isolates from Sciurus vulgaris, Potos flavus, and Tamandua tetradactyla were identified as Leishmania amazonensis. Three other strains, isolated from cutaneous lesions of humans, were identified as Leishmania panamensis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[A case of bilateral impaction of the lower second molars].

A case of bilateral impaction of the lower second molars is presented. A 15-year-old boy with an ill feeling at the right lower first molar was referred to us. X-ray examination revealed bilateral impaction of the lower second molars and the presence of bilateral teeth that seemed to be the unerupted third molars distal to the impacted second molars. Furthermore, a radiolucency approximately 3 X 3 mm in size was detected in the mesioapical region of the right lower first molar. These impactions were managed under local anesthesia by extraction of the right lower first molar and fenestration of the right lower second molar. After approximately 4.5 months, the right lower third molar was extracted. It was further followed approximately 1 month later by extraction of the left lower third molar and ipsilateral fenestration of the lower second molar. As a result, the right lower second molar erupted but it was considerably inclined in a mesial direction. The left lower second molar erupted normally almost up to the occlusal plane. In the absence of systemic abnormality, facial trauma, and maldevelopment of the jaw, impaction seemed to have been closely associated with some unknown local factor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Plastic operation of alveolar process by visor osteotomy].

Extraction of teeth from the lower jaw often results in atrophy of the alveolar process and mandibular body, and sometimes the atrophy progresses so severely as to seriously affect the fitness of the denture, especially the full denture. If the alveolar ridge is markedly resorbed, patients are not satisfied, unless the alveolar process is surgically heightened and the fitness of the denture is regained. Plastic operation of the alveolar process by visor osteotomy and grafting of the iliac bone was performed on a 54-year-old woman who presented at our Department with a complaint of unfitness of the full denture because of marked atrophy of the mandibular alveolar process. As a result of this operation, a functionally well-fitting denture could be fitted to the satisfaction of this patient. This paper describes the outline of the surgical procedure.

Alveolar Ridge Augmentation↗
PubMed1988

Prevention of horizontal transmission of hepatitis B: efficacy of hepatitis B immunoglobulin and vaccine in an institution for the handicapped.

In a Japanese institution for the handicapped with confirmed continuous outbreaks of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection by horizontal nosocomial transmission, 29 susceptible subjects (8 institutionalized children and 21 medical staff) were injected intramuscularly with anti-human HBs immunoglobulin (HB Ig) and subcutaneously with HB vaccine. All cases acquired HBs antibody after injection of HB Ig and seropositivity for HB after the third inoculation of HB vaccine was 78.6%. No new case of HB occurred among the study population throughout the period investigated. This suggested the effectiveness of HB Ig and HB vaccine in the prevention of horizontal nosocomial transmission of HBV.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The effect of cyclosporin A on the course of Paragonimus miyazakii infection in rats.

The effect of the immunomodulatory fungal metabolite cyclosporin A (CyA) on the course of Paragonimus miyazakii infection in rats was studied. Administration of CyA 15 to 19 days post-infection resulted in a significantly lower recovery rate of worms and cyst formation in the host's lungs than in controls. Administration of CyA -1 to +3 days post-infection enhanced the growth and maturation of P. miyazakii, expressed as weight of worms and the number of worms with eggs in uteri with respect to control values. This study shows that administration of CyA to rats affects the host-parasite relationship, depending on the time of administration of the drug.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Association of electrocardiographic abnormalities with seropositivity to Trypanosoma cruzi in Ecuador.

In highland Ecuador (province of El Oro), electrocardiograms (ECGs) were taken and analysed from 340 subjects, of whom 154 were seropositive to Trypanosoma cruzi by indirect haemagglutination test. Abnormal ECGs were present in 40.3% of seropositive individuals and 8.1% of seronegatives, and were slightly more common in seropositive males than in seropositive females. In seropositive individuals, the prevalence of abnormal ECG progressively increased with age and reached its peak level of 64.0% in the age group over 60 years, implying that Chagas disease in Ecuador produces little mortality among seropositive individuals. The most common ECG alterations were ventricular conduction defects: 26 of 117 seropositive individuals in the age group over 40 years had complete right bundle branch block. The frequency of atrioventricular block and arrhythmias was also associated with seropositivity to T. cruzi. A further ECG examination in lowland (province of Guayas) showed that the prevalence of abnormal ECGs there was significantly lower than that in highlands. These results suggest possible differences between T. cruzi strains in the two geographical areas of Ecuador.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The relationship between severity of ulcerated lesions and immune responses in the early stage of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ecuador.

The relationship was examined between the severity of ulcerated lesions and immune responses in 19 Ecuadorian patients in the early stages of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis. As an immunological assay, the humoral immune response was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the cell-mediated response by delayed type skin test for leishmanial antigen (leishmanin test). There was a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.61, P less than 0.01) between the total area of ulcerated lesions and the reciprocal titre of ELISA in identical subjects. However, no significant difference was observed in the ELISA titre between patients with a single lesion and those with multiple lesions (chi 2 = 7.06, df = 5, P greater than 0.2). A correlation (r = 0.48, P less than 0.05) was observed between the area of lesions and the intensity of leishmanin test; further, the ELISA titre also correlated to the intensity of leishmanin test in the identical subjects (r = 0.71, P less than 0.01). These results suggest that the severity of ulcerated lesions relates to the activation of both the humoral and cell-mediated immune systems in the early stage of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Biting activity of two anthropophilic species of sandflies, Lutzomyia, in an endemic area of leishmaniasis in Ecuador.

The biting patterns of Lutzomyia trapidoi and Lu. hartmanni, vectors of leishmaniasis, were studied using a human bait in an endemic area on the Pacific slope of the Andes in Ecuador. The results suggest that Lu. trapidoi is primarily an early biter at dusk, with the first peak at 20.00-21.00 hours and the second at 03.00-04.00 hours; and that Lu. hartmanni bites more constantly throughout the night, with a pronounced peak between 23.00 and 24.00 hours. The biting activity, however, shows a marked variation at each site and between different collections at the same site. The activity and the biting places on man are discussed in relation to human infection with leishmaniasis in the area and the location of lesions on patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Natural infections with promastigotes in man-biting species of sand flies in leishmaniasis-endemic areas of Ecuador.

In order to determine the vectors of leishmaniasis in Ecuador, 1,054 man biting sand flies from the Department of Cañar were dissected and examined for promastigotes. There were 2 man-biting species, Lu. trapidoi and Lu. hartmanni in this endemic area of the disease. The infection rates were 7.7% in the former and 3.9% in the latter species, demonstrating the different rates in various localities and altitudes of the study areas. There was an association between infection rates and the time of day, suggesting some connection with biting activity of sand fly species. In collections using human bait at 7 study areas in 5 Departments, 6 man-biting species were recognized, indicating different dominant species in each area. It was assumed that the dominant species would play an important role as the principal vector of leishmaniasis in each endemic area. As to species determination of the present Leishmania promastigotes, suffice it to say that the parasites are Leishmania sp., presumably L. braziliensis s.l., until the isolates have been typed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Primary isolation of cytopathic bovine rotaviruses on fetal rhesus monkey kidney cells.

Primary isolation of bovine rotaviruses was successfully performed on rolling cultures of MA104 cells following trypsin treatment of fecal samples and cells. Fifty-one fecal samples were obtained from 22 herds affected with naturally-occurring acute diarrhea in calves during a period of over two years. Rotavirus particles were demonstrated in only 10 fecal samples by electron microscopy. Fourteen cytopathic bovine rotaviruses were isolated from positive samples and could be serially cultivated on MA104 cells. The presence of virus was identified by specific immunofluorescence in infected cells. These data indicated that approximately 30% of the herds affected with acute diarrhea in their calves were associated with rotavirus infection.

Animals↗