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Biomedical subjects

Y Hiroshige

Publications and source records attributed to Y Hiroshige.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Two auto-detection methods for eye movements during eyes closed.

Eye movements during closed eyes closely reflect changes of the arousal level during transition from wakefulness to sleep. Because they contain both rapid and slow eye movements (REM and SEM), it has been difficult to detect them automatically. Hiroshige recently developed the method of linear regression analysis for automatic detection of the two types of eye movements, and we have developed a template matching method for autodetection. The aim of the present study was to compare both auto-detection methods and visual scoring for REM and SEM. The results revealed high agreement between the two quantitative methods and the visual scoring, indicating that auto-detection of eye movements is useful for quantitative evaluation of arousal level.

Arousal↗
PubMed2000

Nocturnal sleep spindle activity in blind subjects.

To determine spindle activity during sleep in congenitally blind subjects, electroencephalogram sleep recordings were done on two or three consecutive nights in five subjects aged in their 20s and 30s. The number per minute and the duration of sleep spindles, scored visually, were compared with the data of sighted persons of comparable ages. The results indicated that the total number of sleep spindles a night was ranged from 117 to 585, and the number per minute ranged 0.52 to 2.06 during stage 2. Both values were much less than the values of sighted persons.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

A case study of temporal change in EEG alpha activity in a multiple sleep latency test.

The appearance of electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha activity in a multiple sleep latency test was quantitatively analysed using percentage time alpha. Two components were extracted from the temporal change in smoothed percentage time alpha: a general level showing a progressive decrease and a cyclic variation with a mean interval of 39.8 s. The cyclic variation of percentage time alpha was evident during the period of the general level below 50%. The arousal cycle in the drowsy state is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

A case report on EEG nocturnal sleep in visually impaired persons aged in their 30s and 50s.

To determine the EEG sleep structure in visually impaired persons, EEG sleep recordings were made over two or three consecutive nights on five subjects in their 30s and 50s in the laboratory or in the Welfare Center for the Blind. Sleep variables were compared to the normative data of sighted persons of comparable ages. The results indicated that the percentages of slow wave sleep in four of the five blind individuals were much less than the values of the normative data, which is in agreement with Krieger and Glick's results (1971).

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Linear automatic detection of eye movements during the transition between wake and sleep.

Slow eye movement (SEM) are a sensitive indicator of lowered consciousness or drowsiness in man. A new computerized method for detection of SEM was introduced. A linear regression analysis was applied in each moving window for approximation to the tangent line on the electro-oculogram curve. The results revealed that SEM were more frequent and their duration was shorter at stage wake than at sleep stages 1 and 2. The method was practically suitable for objective detection and measurement of SEM.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The effects of time constant on electrooculographic recording of slow eye movements during the wake-sleep transition.

This study examines distortions in electrooculogram (EOG) wave form of slow eye movements (SEM) during the wake-sleep transition. Distortions in AC-coupled EOG, which were evaluated by computing Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient between DC- and AC-coupled EOG, decreased as a function of time constants (0.3, 3 and 6 s) and showed SEM-dependent changes. Time constants of longer than 3.0 s should be chosen to reliably recognize SEM.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The association between parents' unemployment and birthweight in Japan.

The association between birthweight and parents' occupations was examined with the 1985 Japanese Vital Statistics, which recorded 1,419,465 live births delivered in Japan from April 1985 through March 1986. The mean birthweights [MBWs] were significantly different according to the paternal occupation as well as the maternal occupation after adjusting for the infants' sex and parity. The MBWs of children of unemployed fathers were significantly lighter than those of offspring of employed fathers. This was due to both retarded intrauterine growth and a shortened gestational period. By contrast, the MBWs were not affected by the unemployment of mothers. The possible reasons for the decreased MBW in the case of unemployed fathers were economical problems due to unemployment, less favorable characteristics of demography and obstetrics, and psycho-social stress among the wives of the unemployed.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1995

Geographic differences in seasonal variation of mean birth weight in Japan.

Seasonal variation of mean birth weight (MBW), mean gestational period (MGP), and MBW at 40 weeks of gestation (MBW40) in the 15 different prefectures of Japan were analyzed using vital statistics from 1974 to 1983. MBW generally shows a bimodal pattern with two peaks in spring and autumn and two troughs in summer and winter. Seasonality exhibits a general geographic trend: The autumn peak loses its height and the spring peak increases its amplitude as one moves from north to south. This trend suggests that environmental factors are associated with the creation of seasonality in MBW. For MGP the pattern is relatively unimodal with a deep trough in winter; however, a late summer small dip is observed in most cases. According to an analysis of coincidence between the two time series (MBW and MGP) and correlation analysis, the seasonal variation in birth weight basically depends on the gestational period. For MBW40, which represents the fetal growth rate, the seasonality shows a pattern similar to that of MBW. A statistically significant coincidence and a correlation are observed between the time series of MBW and MBW40. These results suggest that the two processes of fetal growth (gestational period and fetal growth rate) are associated with the creation of seasonality in MBW.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1994

[Analysis of the trends of mean birth weight at an obstetric facility in Osaka during the past 30 years (1962-1991)].

Annual trends of mean birth weight (MBW) at an obstetric facility in the city of Osaka were examined, based on the data in the delivery records for 30 years from January 1962 through December 1991. MBW at this facility had been decreasing during the years of 1975-1985, after being adjusted for parity (primipara/multipara) and the infants' sex. In addition, annual trends of the rate of intrauterine growth and mean gestational period, which are considered to be the two major processes to governing birth weight, were retarded or shortened during almost the same time. Among some possible factors with causal impacts on birth weight, the advance in maternal age, the lowered parity, and the increase in premature delivery may explain these findings. Additionally, it was suggested that the change of socio-economical environment, including the lifestyle of women, may have did not agree with the decreasing trends of MBW.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1994

[Analysis of the seasonal variations in mean birth weight and mean gestational period of 47 prefectures in Japan].

Seasonal variations of the mean gestational period (MGP) and mean birth weight (MBW) are examined by the traditional method of time-series analysis during the period from 1979 to 1983 in Japan. The results of the present study support the existence of a seasonal rhythm of MGP. Generally MGP showed a deep trough in winter and a shallow one in summer to early autumn. This pattern was similar to that of MBW. The two time series showed a statistically significant coincidence in their monthly fluctuations, and a statistically significant correlation was also observed for their amplitude. According to these results, we concluded that the seasonality in MGP plays an important role in creating the seasonality in MBW. However, the seasonality in MGP can not be the only definitive factor that totally regulates the seasonal variations in MBW. The relationship between the two time series is considered to be different among different seasons as well as regions. For example, we observed a decrease of the seasonal index in winter in the same month for both MBW and MGP, but not necessarily in summer. This suggests that the etiology of the decrease in seasonal variations is different between summer and winter.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1994

[The relation between birth weight and paternal occupation].

The relationship between paternal occupation and infant birth weight stratified by sex and parity was analyzed based on 1985 vital statistics. The following results were obtained: 1) There were some differences with high statistical significance detected in Mean Birth Weight (MBW) according to 11 different categories of paternal occupation. The lowest MBW was observed in the unemployed and the highest was in protective service workers. 2) The MBW was significantly decreased and the frequency of low birth weight was significantly increased in infants of unemployed father, compared with those of employed. 3) In infants where the father was unemployed, intrauterine growth rate and mean gestational period, which are considered to be two major processes governing birth weight, were delayed and shortened respectively. Based on these results, it is suggested that paternal unemployment may somehow interfere with fetal growth. Further study is needed to clarify the mechanism of this observed relationship. 1) Professional and technical workers. 2) Managers and officials. 3) Clerical and related workers. 4) Sales workers. 5) Agricultural, forestry and fisheries workers. 6) Mining workers. 7) Workers in transport and communications occupation. 8) Craftsmen, production process workers and labours. 9) Protective service workers. 10) Service workers. 11) Unemployed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Analysis of geographical differences in the seasonal variation of mean birth weight in Japan (1974-1983)].

Geographical differences in the seasonal variation in mean birth weight (MBW) were examined by a traditional time series analysis based on the birth data of 47 different prefectures in Japan for the period from January 1974 to December 1983. The general pattern on the seasonality in MBW has two peaks in spring and autumn, and two troughs in summer and winter. There is a general trend in the seasonality with the autumn-peak-dominant pattern observed in the northern part of Japan (Hokkaido, Tohoku, Kita-Kanto) giving way to the spring-peak-dominant pattern in the southwest. Another interesting finding is that there is high statistical significance as a general tendency, in the seasonality among immensely populated prefectures such as Tokyo, Kanagawa, Aichi, Osaka, and Fukuoka, while in the case of scarcely populated rural prefectures, the time series fluctuates almost randomly. Some socio-cultural and biometerological hypotheses were evaluated to explain these results.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1993

[Chemotherapy with imipenem/cilastatin for severe infections accompanied by malignant hematological disorders].

The clinical and bacteriological efficacy of imipenem/cilastatin (IPM/CS) was evaluated in 30 cases of serious infections associated with hematological malignancies. 1. Among 28 evaluable cases, excellent efficacy was obtained in 6 cases and good effectiveness in 10 cases, resulting in a high clinical efficacy rate (57.1%). The clinical effectiveness of IPM/CS was not dependent on neutrophil count in peripheral blood. A 53.8% efficacy rate was observed in 26 cases which had received pretreatment with other antibiotics. 2. Antibacterial activities of IPM/CS have so far been evaluated against organisms isolated in 20 of 28 cases: 2 strains of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, 2 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 2 strains of Enterococcus faecalis, 9 strains of Enterobacter cloacae, and 8 other strains. 3. Among 3 evaluable cases treated with IPM/CS alone, response was good in 1 case. Among 25 patients receiving IPM/CS in combination with an aminoglycoside or a penicillin, the efficacy rate was 60%. 4. Five patients had IPM/CS-related adverse events; nausea and vomiting in 2 cases, seizures in 1 case, small increases in GOT and GPT in 2 cases, and the appearance of casts in urine sediment in 1 case. These patients, however, tolerated the complete course of therapy with IPM/CS except the 2 cases with nausea and vomiting. These results indicate that chemotherapy with IPM/CS is effective for the treatment of severe infectious diseases accompanied by hematological disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[A successful allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for acute promyelocytic leukemia with anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy at relapse].

A 14-year-old girl with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) developed cardiomyopathy following chemotherapy for remission induction and subsequent consolidation consisting of cumulative doses of 644 mg/m2 of daunorubicin and 31 mg/m2 of mitoxantrone. Six months after the first complete remission, when relapse of APL was recognized an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from her HLA-identical brother was performed. A preconditioning regimen, consisting of cytarabine (Ara-C, 2 g/m2/day x 3 days and 4 g/m2/day x 3 days), total body irradiation (TBI, 1200 cGy) and etoposide (VP-16, 50 mg/kg) caused moderate gastrointestinal symptoms and transient hemorrhagic cystitis, but did not worsen her cardiac function. Both continuous intravenous administration of heparin to control DIC and continuous low dose dopamine infusion to prevent cardiac failure achieved their purpose. The patient is leukemia-free and has no symptoms related to cardiomyopathy at the eight month after BMT. A preconditioning regimen (Ara-C, TBI and VP-16) appeared to be suitable for BMT to a patient with anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Slow eye movements and transitional periods of EEG sleep stages during daytime sleep].

Slow eye movements (SEMs) were analyzed in 28 young adult females during daytime sleep. Data from transitional periods of each EEG stage were obtained by accumulating its epoch series synchronized to the onset or termination of the other stages. Sleepiness was reported by the subject by pressing a button switch. SEMs were prominent at the transitional period of stage W approaching the onset of stage 1 (sleep tendency). They declined with deepening of sleep at the transitional periods of EEG stages 22 and 2, and disappeared completely during slow wave sleep (SWS) periods. The recovery of SEMs occurred towards awakening at every EEG transitional period except for SWS. The individual difference in the appearance of SEMs was partly explained by a positive correlation with stage 3 latency: the longer the latency was, the larger the mean SEMs. Perceived sleepiness increased in proportion to SEMs during the entry and re-entry periods to sleep. These results suggest that SEMs are strongly associated with a wake-sleep transition.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Comparative studies of commercially available particle agglutination assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for screening of human T-cell leukemia virus type I antibodies in blood donors.

Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) transmission during blood transfusion can be prevented by screening for and eliminating blood containing anti-HTLV-I antibodies. For this purpose, we evaluated two commercial test kits for HTLV-I antibodies, Serodia-ATLA (particle agglutination assay [PA]) and Eitest-ATL (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]), by using serum samples from Japanese blood donors. Of 2,316 serum samples, 39 (1.7%), 34 (1.5%), and 28 (1.2%) were positive for the antibody by PA, ELISA, and immunofluorescence (IF), respectively. The coincidence rate for antibody-positive and antibody-negative results was 99.5% between PA and IF, whereas it was 99.6% between ELISA and IF. The serum samples which were positive by IF were also positive by PA, whereas 2 of 26 IF-positive samples were negative by ELISA. All the samples positive by both PA and ELISA were shown to be positive by IF unequivocally. The samples positive by only one of the two methods (PA or ELISA) were different. Eleven and eight serum samples that were negative by IF but positive by PA and ELISA, respectively, were further studied for HTLV-I antibody by radioimmunoprecipitation. Three of the former but none of the latter were found to be positive for antibody. Moreover, a PA-positive but IF-negative serum sample was shown to have significantly decreased PA titers after 2-mercaptoethanol treatment. The PA was further shown to detect not only IgG antibody but also IgM antibody to HTLV-I after separation of this serum sample by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Agglutination Tests↗