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Biomedical subjects

Y Hosoi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Hosoi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on survival in lethally irradiated mice.

Repeated injections of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) to lethally irradiated mice increased the rate of animal survival. Dose modification factor was 1.20 when 4.5 micrograms/mouse of rhG-CSF was given daily for 14 days after whole body irradiation. Haematological examinations revealed that rhG-CSF increased the number of blood-circulating leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and erythrocytes, but not that of lymphocytes and thrombocytes. Spleen weight and number of endogenous spleen colonies were also increased by rhG-CSF treatment compared with the values for mice irradiated only.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical experience of local thermotherapy in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia].

Thirty-five patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (age range: 45-88 years; average: 67.5 years) underwent local thermotherapy with prostathermer. Clinical therapeutic effect was evaluated in 30 of the 35 patients: 2 patients interrupting from therapy and 3 receiving pretherapeutic indwelling catheters were not included. A total of 6 treatments (2 per week) were performed, each lasting for 60 minutes. As for subjective improvement, improvement of nocturia was noted in 70.0% of all patients and sense of residual urine in 70.7%. Post-therapeutic nocturnal and daytime decreases in urination frequency were statistically significant (p less than 0.01). Objective improvement in residual urine volume occurred in 19 of the 30 cases, and elevation in uroflowmetric maximal flow rate following therapy was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Among complications ascribable to catheter insertion were urethral bleeding (3 cases), epididymitis (1 case) and pyuria (1 case). Therapeutic result based primarily on subjective symptoms and partly on objective findings was fairly good in 17 cases (about 57%), and slightly good in 25 cases (about 83%). In conclusion, this therapy seems to be useful in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Hemorrhagic type of moyamoya disease].

Clinical picture of Moya Moya Disease was analyzed in 18 cases. In 16 cases whose CT scan were available at the time of the first bleeding, hematoma at the basal ganglia was noted in 43.8%, primary ventricular hemorrhage in 37.5%, thalamic hemorrhage with ventricular rupture in 12.5% and subcortical hemorrhage in 6.3%. The frequencies shown above were well correlated to previous reports. In MRI performed 1 year or more after primary ventricular hemorrhage, the primary bleeding site was demonstrated at the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle, in proton weighted and T2 weighted images. MRI can detect the site of old bleeding points and its chronological change if the study is repeated. In a follow-up period of 5.4 years, 27.8% of the cases had rebleeding one or more times. As a result, good outcome was noted in 72.2% after the 1st bleeding, and in 55.6% after re-bleedings. Death occurred in 5.6% of patients after the 1st bleeding and in 22.2% after further rebleeding. Rebleeding worsened the outcome. Therefore, prevention of rebleeding is important. From a therapeutic viewpoint, although a direct relation between rebleeding and untreated hypertension could not be established, blood pressure control is critical at both the acute and the chronic stages. Reconstructive vascular surgery is a recommendable method for properly selected patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A basic study on cefpirome].

The antibacterial activity of cefpirome (CPR), a new parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic having a cyclopentenopyridine group in the 3-position side chain, was evaluated against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and concentrations in human kidney and prostate was determined. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CPR against N. gonorrhoeae isolated clinically in our out-clinic (34 strains of non-PPNG and 20 of PPNG) were less than or equal to 0.003-0.1 microgram/ml in non-PPNG group and 0.006-0.1 microgram/ml in PPNG group. The 90% of MICs (MIC90s) was 0.1 microgram/ml in the non-PPNG group and 0.05 microgram/ml in the PPNG group. The concentration in the prostate was determined in 30 cases with benign prostatic hypertrophy. The maximum values was 52.8 micrograms/g at 15 minutes after administration of 1 g of CPR. The levels of CPR were gradually decreased with the lapse of time. The prostatic tissue concentration was 17.9 micrograms/g at 60 min., 10.1 micrograms/g at 180 min., 7.22 micrograms/g at 320 min. and 2.70 micrograms/g at 360 min. There was a positive correlation between concentration of the prostate and plasma collected at the time of the prostate. The concentration of CPR in human kidney, 90-100 min. after administration of 1 g to 4 cases with renal tumor, was 107-148 micrograms/g in the renal cortex, and 80.6-88.6 micrograms/g in the renal medulla. The concentration in kidney was higher than that in the plasma in all cases. In conclusion, CPR is suggested to be a useful drug for urological infection.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1990

[A case of thymic carcinoid].

Thymic carcinoid is rare disease. The frequency, treatment and prognosis of thymic carcinoid are discussed. This report presents a case of a 55-year-old man who underwent rt-hemithymectomy and radiotherapy postoperatively. The patient had no complaint but chest roentgenogram and CT scan revealed an abnormal mass in the anterior superior mediastinal region. Through median sternotomy, rt-hemithymectomy including partial resection of the pericardium was performed. The tumor was 6 X 5 X 5 cm in size, and diagnosis of thymic carcinoid was histologically established. The patient was discharged after postoperative irradiation of total dosage of 54 Gy to the mediastinum. He was no evidence of recurrence twelve months after operation.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1989

Developmental potential of rabbit oocyte matured in vitro: the possible contribution of prolactin.

The present study was undertaken to define hormonal conditions for in vitro maturation that support subsequent fertilization and embryonic development. Follicular oocytes were recovered from nonstimulated rabbit ovaries and cultured for 12 h in Brackett's medium supplemented with or without hormones. Matured oocytes were inseminated in vitro and transferred 12 h later to Ham's F-10 medium supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum. The initial cleavage frequency of matured oocytes in Brackett's medium was comparable to the frequency of development for in vitro-matured oocytes under various hormonal conditions. However, the addition of estradiol (E2, 1 microgram/ml) to incubation medium containing luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) increased significantly (p less than 0.001) the percentage of embryos achieving morula or blastocyst formation (16/98, 16.3%), as compared to the mature oocytes in medium containing LH, LH plus FSH, or no hormone. The addition of prolactin (PRL) to the maturation medium increased the percentage of development to organized embryos in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro-matured oocytes in medium containing LH, FSH, and PRL exhibited a significantly (p less than 0.001) lower incidence of developmental competence (5/95, 5.3%) than oocytes matured in the presence of E2 in conjunction with pituitary hormones (43/89, 48.3%). These results demonstrate that hormonal composition in the environment of the oocyte is critical for acquisition of developmental capacity. PRL as well as E2 appears to be an important constituent in the process of oocyte maturation, promoting preimplantation embryonic development.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effects of dibutyryl cyclic AMP on oocyte maturation and ovulation in the perfused rabbit ovary.

The involvement of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in mammalian oocyte maturation was assessed using cultures of rabbit cumulus-oocyte complexes and in-vitro perfused rabbit ovaries. Rabbit cumulus-oocyte complexes were cultured in Brackett's medium with or without dibutyryl cyclic AMP [Bu)2cAMP) at 10(-3), 10(-4) or 10(-5) M for 4-12 h. At 4 h spontaneous meiotic maturation was significantly inhibited by (Bu)2cAMP (P less than 0.025). With prolonged incubation, spontaneous maturation progressed despite exposure to (Bu)2cAMP. When ovaries were continuously perfused in vitro for 12 h with (Bu)2cAMP (10(-3) M) or medium alone, (Bu)2cAMP stimulated ovarian progesterone production, but did not affect ovulation or maturation of follicular oocytes. When ovaries were perfused in vitro with or without (Bu)2cAMP (10(-3), 10(-4) or 10(-5) M) for the first 2 h and then transferred to medium without (Bu)2cAMP for an additional 10 h, ovulation did not occur, but transient exposure to (Bu)2cAMP stimulated a dose-related increase in maturation of follicular oocytes. Degeneration of follicle-enclosed oocytes and cumulus-oocyte complexes was not affected by exposure to (Bu)2cAMP. These results suggest that transient, but not continuous, elevation of cAMP after the gonadotrophin surge may be required for the initiation of oocyte maturation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Single burr hole irrigation without drainage in chronic subdural hematoma].

The surgical treatment of chronic subdural hematoma has evolved from membranectomy through craniotomy to burr hole irrigation. The latter approach is based on utilization of the natural absorptive process that is thought to be part of the life cycle of the hematoma. To test this theory, the authors treated fifty-nine patients with chronic subdural hematoma according to the following protocol. Local anesthesia was induced with a modified neuroleptanalgesic procedure. A single burr hole was drilled, usually in the posterior frontal region, and irrigation was carried out until the washing was clear. Subdural drainage was not employed. Patients were permitted to walk about on the following day. The outcome was better than that achieved with conventional treatment. Such complications as tension pneumocephalus and intracranial hematoma were not observed, and only one patient (1.7%) had a recurrence. The results of this study indicate that single burr hole irrigation without drainage is a very simple and effective treatment for chronic subdural hematoma. The absence of subdural drainage may be an important feature, since drainage may contribute to the development of certain postoperative complications. Also, the simplified procedure allows patients early mobility, which may be of particular benefit to the elderly.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The evaluation of simple estimation method of prostate size by transabdominal ultrasound].

We evaluated 107 patients who were diagnosed as benign prostatic hypertrophy preoperatively and underwent transurethral resection of the prostate. We obtained the maximum cross section of the adenoma by transabdominal scanning using a real-time large-sized convex scanner and a 3.5 MNz. transducer. Regarding the adenoma as an ellipsoid with revolution around its transverse axis, 2 diameters (breadth and height) were measured with transverse scan (a and b, respectively). We then calculated the values of the estimated size of the adenoma according to the formula for a spheroid. V = (pi/6) ab2. Thus the calculated weight were correlated with the resected weight of the specimen after a complete transurethral resection of the prostate. As a result, the sonographic estimation provided a high correlation coefficient: r = 0.956. The result suggested that our method of transabdominal ultrasonography in the preoperative evaluation of the prostatic size was rapid, simple and noninvasive, was well adapted for screening sufferers from prostatic diseases, and gave preoperative information for transurethral resection of the prostate and other surgical operation.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Effects of prostacyclin on ovulation and microvasculature of the in vitro perfused rabbit ovary.

Prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2) methyl ester at 0.1, 1, or 10 micrograms/ml was added to the perfusate of one rabbit ovary every 2 hours for the first 10 hours of perfusion. The contralateral ovary was perfused with medium alone. Prostacyclin methyl ester at 1 and 10 micrograms/ml induced ovulation in the absence of gonadotropin, with ovulatory efficiencies of 26.7% +/- 3.8% and 46.5% +/- 5.0%, respectively. Most ovulated ova (77.4%) did not progress beyond the germinal vesicle stage, and there was no significant degeneration of ovulated ova or follicular oocytes. Examination of the follicular microvasculature 5 hours after exposure to prostacyclin revealed marked vessel dilatation and filling defects at the apex. By 7 hours after prostacyclin exposure, the intrafollicular space contained extravasated resin, reflecting increased vascular permeability. The vascular changes paralleled those previously observed in gonadotropin-induced ovulation. These results indicate that prostacyclin acting locally alters the vascular integrity of the follicle wall and facilitates follicle rupture.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The effects of bradykinin on ovulation and prostaglandin production by the perfused rabbit ovary.

Involvement of the vasoactive peptide bradykinin (BK) in ovulation, oocyte maturation, and prostaglandin (PG) production was assessed using an in vitro perfused rabbit ovary preparation. In the first experiment, BK at a concentration of 0.033, 0.33, or 3.3 micrograms/ml was added to the perfusate of one ovary at hourly intervals for the first 10 h of perfusion. The contralateral control ovary was treated with medium alone parallel to the experimental ovary. Ovaries were perfused for a total of 12 h. BK induced ovulation in the absence of gonadotropin in a dose-related fashion, but did not induce maturation of ovulated ova or follicular oocytes. BK significantly stimulated PG production at all concentrations tested, but the effect was not dose related. Prostacyclin, as reflected by the concentration of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the perfusate, was the major PG produced. Smaller quantities of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were present in the perfusate. After a single injection of BK (3.3 micrograms/ml), 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGF2 alpha production increased within 15 min and reached a maximum at 60-90 min. PGE2 did not change significantly over this time period. The addition of 1 microgram/ml indomethacin to the perfusate completely inhibited BK-stimulated PG production. However, indomethacin did not significantly affect the ovulatory efficiency of BK-treated ovaries. Neither BK nor indomethacin induced any degenerative changes in ovulated ova or follicular oocytes. The addition of a BK antagonist at 1 microgram/ml every 30 min to the perfusate resulted in an effective blockade of hCG-induced ovulation. These results suggest that BK is involved in the process of follicle rupture, but BK may induce ovulation by a mechanism(s) other than through PG stimulation.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1988

Effect of the exposure of intrafollicular oocytes to clomiphene citrate on pregnancy outcome in the rabbit.

This study was designed to determine if exposure of rabbit intrafollicular oocytes to clomiphene citrate (CC) affects pregnancy outcome after in vitro ovulation, in vitro fertilization (IVF), and embryo transfer (ET). Ovaries were perfused in the presence or absence of CC (10(-5) M) and estradiol (E2, 100 ng/ml). Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 50 IU) was added to the perfusate of all ovaries. In vitro ovulated ova were retrieved, inseminated, and transferred to host rabbits. Neither CC nor CC + E2 significantly affected hCG-induced ovulation or fertilization. CC significantly reduced (P less than 0.025) percentage of ovulated ova resulting in offspring. Addition of E2 significantly (P less than 0.05) reversed the reduction in offspring associated with CC alone. These results may be due to the antiestrogenic effects of CC on the intrafollicular oocyte, which compromises postfertilization development.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The effect of a carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on rabbit follicular oocytes and early embryonic development.

The effect of a carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum and its duration on rabbit follicular oocytes was assessed by evaluating fertilization and subsequent embryonic development rates. CO2 may cross the plasma membrane and form carbonic acid, which liberates H+, thus lowering the intracellular pH. There were no significant differences in arterial pH and [HCO3-] between CO2 and air treatment groups, whereas arterial pCO2 and pO2 were significantly increased in the CO2 treatment group. We found that the duration of pneumoperitoneum, irrespective of type of gas used, was negatively correlated with success of embryonic development. These findings necessitate that more attention be given to the gas used for creation of a pneumoperitoneum during egg retrieval for in vitro fertilization and an attempt be made to minimize duration of the pneumoperitoneum.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Studies on pituitary-gonadal endocrine function in XYY men.

Serum luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones and testosterone levels were studied in 11 patients with 47-XYY chromosomes and a comparison was made to normal men and patients with other testicular diseases, including Klinefelter's syndrome. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels in patients with XYY chromosomes were elevated significantly in comparison to those in normal men but lower than those in men with Sertoli cell only syndrome and Klinefelter's syndromes. Serum luteinizing hormone levels were somewhat elevated and serum testosterone levels were somewhat low in comparison to normal men, although the difference was not significant. Results of the short-term human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation test suggested almost normal Leydig cell reserve capacity in patients with XYY chromosomes.

Adolescent↗