The use of amantadine in children for prophylaxis and treatment of influenza A infections.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Amantadine↗
Biomedical subjects
Y J Bryson
Publications and source records attributed to Y J Bryson.
Longitudinal study of influenza B symptomatology and interferon production in children and college students.
A longitudinal study of symptomatology and interferon production in 35 patients (13 children, 20 college students and 2 medical staff members) with influenza B viral infections is presented. The mean duration of illness was 11.3 days. Cough persisted for 9.8 days and nasal symptoms continued for 8.5 days. The mean duration of fever was 4.7 days. Diarrhea occurred in 8 patients; it had its onset on about the fourth day and persisted for 4 days. Interferon levels correlated directly with fever and generally with systemic symptoms but not with other aspects of disease severity, duration or serum hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody responses.
Adolescent↗
The use of acyclovir in children.
Acyclovir represents a significant advance in the treatment of herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus infections and appears to be safe and well-tolerated. Physicians now have several drugs to choose from in the treatment of these infections. Hopefully there will be other antiviral chemotherapeutic agents that will be effective for therapy of cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infections. Coincident with the development of antivirals, continued progress in the area of rapid viral diagnosis is critical for early institution of therapy. Direct diagnosis of HSV or VZV from clinical specimens or lesions using monoclonal antibodies, enzyme-linked immunoassays or DNA probes are promising techniques for the future. Investigation into improved rapid diagnosis for neonatal and maternal HSV infections and HSV encephalitis should further improve outcome with antiviral therapy.
Acyclovir↗
Grassheads in the tracheobronchial tree: two different outcomes.
Many vegetable foreign bodies can produce serious pulmonary complications because of chemical irritation to the airway. Barley grass, a type of grasshead, does not induce such a reaction because of its resistance to organic decay. Complications which may occur are illustrated by the clinical course of two patients with aspiration of this foreign body. In the first patient the grasshead entered the trachea with the flowering unit first and the stem following. In the second patient the stem entered the trachea first. Recurrent pneumonias were noted in the first patient. Despite its presence in the right stem bronchus for three years, no further episodes of pneumonia followed its removal. In the second patient the grassheads could not be removed endoscopically. They migrated into the right lower lobe producing pneumonia and ultimately resulting in a brain abscess. The difference of entry of the same foreign body into the trachea, stem first versus flowering unit first, is an essential factor in altering the clinical outcome.
Brain Abscess↗
A child found to be HIV positive shortly after birth appears now to be clear of the infection.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Female↗
Factors predictive of maternal-fetal transmission of HIV-1. Preliminary analysis of zidovudine given during pregnancy and/or delivery.
OBJECTIVE: To assess maternal risk factors potentially influencing vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1), including maternal CD4 cell count; presence of immune complex dissociated (ICD) p24 antigen; maternal zidovudine therapy during pregnancy and/or delivery; complications of pregnancy, such as preterm labor and birth; and obstetric events during labor and delivery, such as duration of labor, mode of delivery, chorioamnionitis, and maternal blood exposure. DESIGN AND SETTING: A nonrandomized prospective cohort study at a university medical center and two general hospital affiliates. PATIENTS: Sixty-three HIV-1-seropositive pregnant women and their 68 infants. INTERVENTION: Twenty-six mothers received zidovudine therapy during pregnancy and/or during labor and delivery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: HIV-1 infection status of the infant. RESULTS: Thirteen of the 68 infants were vertically infected with HIV-1. Mothers with events involving fetal exposure to maternal blood were more likely to transmit infection (four [31%] of 13 vs three [5%] of 55, P = .02), as were women with plasma ICD p24 antigenemia at delivery (six [67%] of nine vs 11 [25%] of 44, P = .02). Zidovudine treatment was associated with a significant reduction in vertical transmission (one [4%] of 26 mothers treated with zidovudine vs 12 [29%] of 42 mothers not treated with zidovudine, P = .01). There was a significant protective effect of zidovudine treatment despite lower mean absolute CD4 cell counts (0.37 x 10(9)/L) in the 24 zidovudine-treated nontransmitters and in the nine non-zidovudine-treated transmitters (0.37 x 10(9)/L) than in the 24 non-zidovudine-treated nontransmitters (0.62 x 10(9)/L) (P = .008). CONCLUSION: Maternal-fetal HIV-1 transmission is multifactorial, with increased risk associated both with ICD p24 antigenemia at term and with intrapartum events that increase fetal exposure to maternal blood. Zidovudine therapy given during pregnancy and/or labor and delivery was associated with a significant reduction in vertical transmission. These data suggest that the beneficial effects of zidovudine therapy in reducing maternal-fetal HIV-1 transmission recently found in protocol 076 of the placebo-controlled Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Clinical Trials Group Study may extend to women with lower CD4 cell counts and suggest that prolonged treatment of infants may not be necessary.
Adult↗