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Y J Johnson-Ifearulundu

Publications and source records attributed to Y J Johnson-Ifearulundu.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

The effect of subclinical Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection on days open in Michigan, USA, dairy cows.

A prospective cohort study design was used to evaluate the impact of subclinical Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection on days open in a sample of Michigan dairy herds with a history of cows positive for M. paratuberculosis diagnosed by fecal culture. Participating herds were tested and productivity and reproduction records were monitored for 18 months. All cows > or = 24 months old were tested for M. paratuberculosis infection using the ELISA and radiometric fecal-culture (RFC) techniques. Test-negative cows were re-tested at the conclusion of the monitoring period. Multivariable regression models were used. Using both tests in parallel, the overall sample apparent prevalence for M. paratuberculosis infection was 41.8% (223/533 animals tested). Adjusting for diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, this resulted in a calculated sample true prevalence of 59.9%. ELISA-positive cows (on average) had a 28-day increase in days open when compared to ELISA-negative cows (p=0.02). The diagnostic method used to define a case altered the apparent association between paratuberculosis test status and days open. Fecal culture was a less-effective diagnostic tool for use in herds with a high prevalence of infected animals. The increase in days open in the ELISA-positive cows was an indication that perhaps reduced estrus expression or an increased post-partum anestrous period occurred in the subclinically infected ELISA-positive animals. This might have been due to a negative energy balance associated with M. paratuberculosis infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Management-related risk factors for M. paratuberculosis infection in Michigan, USA, dairy herds.

A cross-sectional study was conducted from June through December 1996 to identify management-related risk factors for herd-level M. paratuberculosis infection. Data were collected from 121 participating herds. A two-part questionnaire was administered to gather data on current and previous management practices and herd productivity. A random sample of cows aged > or = 24 months was selected from each herd and tested for antibodies to M. paratuberculosis using the IDEXX Antibody ELISA (sensitivity 64%, specificity 96%). A positive herd was one in which > or = 2 animals tested positive for antibodies to M. paratuberculosis. A negative herd was one in which no animal tested positive. Herds in which only one animal tested positive were dropped from statistical analysis to reduce the risk of including false-positive herds in the statistical analyses. There were 80 herds with one or more positive animals and 41 herds with no positive animals in the sample (66% herd-level prevalence). Twenty-six herds (21%) were dropped from further analyses because they had only one positive cow. Twelve herds (10%) were dropped from analysis because of missing data. The resulting sample used for statistical modeling included 46 positive herds and 37 negative herds (55% herd-level prevalence). A multi-variable logistic-regression model was used to evaluate the results. The variable 'use of an exercise lot for lactating cows' was associated with a three-fold increase in odds of a herd being positive for M. paratuberculosis infection (O.R. = 3.01, C.I. = 1.03-8.80); 'cleaning of maternity pens after each use' was associated with a three-fold reduction in odds of a herd being positive for M. paratuberculosis infection (O.R. = 0.28, C.I. = 0.08-0.89); 'application of lime to pasture areas in 1993' resulted in a ten-fold decrease in odds of a herd being positive for M. paratuberculosis infection (O.R. = 0.10, C.I. = 0.02-0.56).

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

Attitudes of veterinarians, animal control directors, and county prosecutors in Michigan regarding enforcement of state animal cruelty legislation.

OBJECTIVES: To determine attitudes of veterinarians, animal control directors, and country prosecutors in Michigan toward enforcement of state animal cruelty legislation and to identify factors associated with whether veterinarians would report suspected cases of animal cruelty. DESIGN: Survey. SAMPLE POPULATION: Questionnaires were sent to 1,146 Michigan Veterinary Medical Association member veterinarians, 139 animal control directors, and 83 county prosecutors in Michigan. RESULTS: 740 (65%) veterinarians, 70 (50%) animal control directors, and 43 (52%) prosecutors responded. Six hundred forty six of 735 (88%) veterinarians reported having treated an animal that they believed had been a victim of animal cruelty, but only 192 of 719 (27%) had ever reported a case of animal cruelty, and only 217 of 734 (30%) had ever testified in an animal cruelty case. Logistic regression analysis of responses revealed that the only factor associated with whether veterinarians would report cases of suspected animal cruelty was the potential reactions of the involved clients to the accusation of animal cruelty. Veterinarians who rated reaction of the involved client as important, very important, or essential to their decision whether to report a case of animal cruelty were less likely to report such cases than were veterinarians who rated potential client reaction as somewhat important or unimportant. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Concern about potential client reaction was the most important factor in whether veterinarians would report cases of suspected animal cruelty.

Administrative Personnel↗