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Biomedical subjects

Y K Seedat

Publications and source records attributed to Y K Seedat.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Thrombocytopenia in renal failure in a developing country.

A retrospective study over a 3-year period was done looking at predialysis platelet levels, in particular, thrombocytopenia. Seventy-five patients with acute renal failure (ARF) and 75 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), treated at King Edward VIII Hospital, were randomly chosen. Platelet counts were performed on a coulter counter (S + 2) and counts of less than 150 x 10(9)/L were considered as thrombocytopenia. Of the 75 CRF patients, 47 were males. Eleven (14.7%) were thrombocytopenic with a mean platelet count of 118.3 x 10(9)/L and a range of 83-146 x 10(9)/L. The mean creatinine level was 1510 micrograms/L. The remaining nonthrombocytopenic patients had a mean platelet count of 268 x 10(9)/L and a mean creatinine of 1080 micrograms/L. Of the ARF patients, 39 were males. Twenty-two (29.3%) had thrombocytopenia with a mean platelet count of 98 x 10(9)/L and a range of 22-147 x 10(9)/L. The mean creatinine level was 819 micrograms/L. The remaining nonthrombocytopenic patients had a mean platelet count of 319 x 10(9)/L and a mean creatinine of 1020 micrograms/L. In CRF patients no correlation was found between thrombocytopenia and the disease process. Creatinine levels appear to be higher in the thrombocytopenia group than in the nonthrombocytopenic group. In the ARF group of patients, females had a higher frequency of thrombocytopenia than males. Obstetrical and gynecological causes and herbal ingestion were the 2 major underlying etiologies in the thrombocytopenic group. Thrombocytopenia appears to be a common presenting feature in ARF as opposed to CRF, and this may be accounted for by the underlying etiologies in ARF.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1992

Risk factors and coronary heart disease in Durban blacks--the missing links.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is still relatively uncommon in the black population of South Africa. We embarked on a study to determine the prevalence of risk factors leading to CHD in the black population of Durban. The study sample was selected from patients attending a dental clinic at a hospital. A total of 458 patients (age range 16-69 years) was studied. The prevalence of CHD was 2.4%. The percentage prevalences of selected risk factors were: hypertension (blood pressure > or = 140 mmHg systolic and/or > or = 90 mmHg diastolic) 28% (31.9% for males, 25.4% for females); protective levels of high-density lipoprotein/total cholesterol > or = 20%, 81.3%; diabetes mellitus 4.9% for males, 2.9% for females; smoking > or = 10 cigarettes per day 28.1% for males, 3.4% for females; obesity 3.7% for males 22.6% for females. We found the Minnesota Coding System for electrocardiographic changes of CHD and the Rose questionnaire to be unreliable for eliciting CHD in blacks. Hypercholesterolaemia is less common, and this may explain the low incidence of CHD in blacks. Epidemics of CHD as seen in Indian, coloured and white South Africans can still be prevented in the black population, but preventive measures must be instituted rapidly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The white cell count in typhoid fever.

Leucopenia with neutropenia and a relative lymphocytosis are believed to be common findings in patients with typhoid fever. This paper reviews 191 adult patients with typhoid. The total and differential leucocyte counts done on admission were analysed. In this study leucopenia was found in only 24.6% of patients. Whilst complications occurred at any white cell count, the prevalence of complications increased significantly to 70% in patients with a white cell count above 8 x 10(9)/l. Neutropenia was found in 25% of patients, and none of the patients had an absolute lymphocytosis, whereas 75.8% of patients had true lymphopenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Comparative assessment of phase contrast microscopy and Coulter counter measurements in localising the site of haematuria.

Haematuria is a common diagnostic problem in clinical practice and is seen in a large number of renal, urological and systemic disorders. The routine use of dipstick methods has increased the frequency of detection of microscopic haematuria. It is desirable to develop a simple, non-invasive, easily reproducible, quantitative technique that would help to determine the site of bleeding and thereby direct the patient either to the nephrologist or to the urologist. This study compares the accuracy of phase contrast microscopy with Coulter counter measurement of red cell distribution volumes as a means of distinguishing glomerular haematuria from non-glomerular haematuria. Of 20 patients with biopsy-proven glomerulonephritis, 13 (65%) were correctly identified by phase contrast microscopy and 19 (95%) by the Coulter counter method. In 18 patients with pathological conditions affecting the lower urinary tract phase contrast microscopy was correct in 6 (33%) and Coulter counter measurement in 17 (94%). Coulter counter measurement is the simpler and more accurate method of screening for the source of haematuria, but is inaccurate when the red cell count in the urine is less than 0.02 x 10(12).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Risk factors for coronary heart disease in the Indians of Durban.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major problem in migrant Indians throughout the world. In South Africa it has reached 'epidemic' proportions. A field survey was conducted among Indians in the metropolitan area of Durban to determine the prevalence and known risk factors for CHD. In a study of 778 subjects aged 15-69 years (408 men), 15.3% (sex and age adjusted 13.4%) had a history of CHD. The important risk factors in men were hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, diabetes, and smoking, and in women diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, and hypertriglyceridaemia. The minor risk factors were hyperuricaemia, sedentary occupation, obesity in women and a positive family history of CHD. A study of the major risk factors leading to CHD showed that 52% (sex and age adjusted 45.5%) had at least one major risk factor at the higher (level A) and 68% (sex and age adjusted 61.9%) at the lower (level B) risk levels. Diabetes mellitus was strongly associated with a positive history of CHD. In 47.6% (sex and age adjusted 48.2%) of the total group resting ECG abnormalities were found that could be coded. Because of the severe nature of CHD in the migrant Indian, an immediate and intensive programme of primary prevention of CHD risk factors should be instituted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A study of urinary and intracellular sodium and potassium, renin, aldosterone, and hypertension in blacks and Indians in Natal.

The prevalence of hypertension in the urban black population in Sub-Saharan Africa is high and varies from 20% to 25%. In contrast, the prevalence of hypertension in the rural black is relatively low. In Natal the prevalence of hypertension in a large metropolitan city, Durban, is 25% in the adult Zulu, 17.2% in whites, and 14.2% in Indians. The prevalence of hypertension in the rural Zulu of Natal is 10%. Work on the pathogenesis of hypertension in the Zulu and Indian ethnic groups related to renin, aldosterone, dietary sodium and potassium, and intracellular sodium and potassium was virtually nonexistent. This review paper summarizes the salient features that were found.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1990

Arterial thrombosis in nephrotic syndrome.

The nephrotic syndrome is characterized by profound changes in the turnover and concentration of most plasma proteins, including those involved in the coagulation pathways. Thromboembolic complications, especially venous, have been widely reported. Arterial thrombosis is a relatively rare complication and has been reported mainly in nephrotic children. In this report, an adult nephrotic patient who developed thromboses of his right middle cerebral and left femoral arteries is described. The patient died, and at postmortem no underlying arterial disease was found. Histology of the kidneys showed minimal change disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Perspectives of hypertension in black patients: black vs. white differences.

Hypertension is a major disease in the black population of sub-Saharan Africa and the U.S. The prevalence of hypertension varies from 1-30% of the adult population. Differences in blood pressure (BP) between black and white patients have been documented. In this review, genetic, endocrine, and environmental characteristics, renal physiology, and cardiac function are reviewed. Racial differences in renal physiology and socioeconomic status seem to account for BP differences. Black hypertensive patients in sub-Saharan Africa are prone to cerebral hemorrhage, malignant hypertension leading to uremia, and congestive heart failure, whereas coronary artery disease is uncommon. Responses to hypotensive agents like beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are poor unless these agents are combined with a thiazide diuretic. Black hypertensive patients respond best to diuretics, vasodilators, or calcium channel blockers. A profiled approach to the treatment of hypertension is suggested.

Black People↗
PubMed1990

Hypertension and vascular disease in India and migrant Indian populations in the world.

The association of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and abnormal lipoprotein patterns suggests that this combination has a lethal effect with regard to vascular disease. It is therefore necessary to do something about the known lifestyle factors such as cigarette smoking, obesity and possibly a low fibre diet. The high incidence of ischaemic heart disease among emigrant Indians in South Africa and Trinidad, and the low incidence in blacks of South Africa and the West Indies, suggests that there may be different thresholds for susceptibility to disease in various ethnic groups, beyond which the risk factors begin to operate.

Coronary Disease↗