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Biomedical subjects

Y Kamikawa

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kamikawa.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

A case of thyroid cancer involving the trachea: treatment by partial tracheal resection and repair with a latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap.

A 65 year-old man had undergone left thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer. The cancer had directly invaded the cervical esophagus and trachea and the patient was referred to our hospital for radical resection and reconstruction. Cervical computed tomography showed a mass at the left-posterior wall of the trachea. Cervical esophagectomy, resection of the left half of the trachea (6 x 3 cm) including seven rings and cervical lymph node dissection were performed. The tracheal defect was covered by a latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap. The patient did not lose vocal function and remains alive and well 3 years after surgery without any evidence of recurrence. Latissimus dorsi muscle flap coverage of tracheal defects seems to be a useful technique in the combined resection of the trachea.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Effects of Ba(2+) on norepinephrine-induced contraction of rat thoracic aorta in vitro.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of exogenously applied BaCl(2) on the norepinephrine-induced contraction of the rat thoracic aorta. Exogenously applied BaCl(2) (0.3-1 mmol/l) slightly elevated the norepinephrine-induced sustained contraction of the rat thoracic aorta in the absence of nicardipine (1 micromol/l). In the aortic preparation pretreated with nicardipine (1 micromol/l), exogenous BaCl(2) (0.1-3 mmol/l) did not elevate the norepinephrine-induced sustained contraction, but the high concentration of BaCl(2) (10 mmol/l) slightly inhibited the norepinephrine-induced tone. In a Ca(2+)-free Krebs bi- carbonate solution (KBS) containing norepinephrine (1 micromol/l) or a Ca(2+)-free K(+)-rich (60 mmol/l) KBS, exogenously applied BaCl(2) (1-30 mmol/l) caused a sustained contraction of the rat thoracic aorta, and this sustained contraction was completely inhibited by nicardipine (1 micromol/l). Exogenous CaCl(2) (0.1-3 mmol/l) also caused a sustained contraction of the aortic preparation in a Ca(2+)- free KBS containing norephinephrine (1 micromol/l), but such a sustained contraction was partly inhibited by nicardipine (3 micromol/l). These results indicate that Ba(2+) elevates the norepinephrine-induced tone of the rat isolated thoracic aorta by permeating voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels in the absence of nicardipine, but that Ba(2+) has a minor modification on the norepinephrine-induced sustained contraction of the nicardipine-pretreated preparation.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Effects of Ba2+ on F&F 96365-sensitive sustained contraction of rat pulmonary artery.

The effects of Ba2+ on receptor-mediated sustained contraction of rat pulmonary artery and guinea-pig oesophageal muscularis mucosae were studied in-vitro. In rat isolated pulmonary artery, sustained contraction induced by noradrenaline (1 microM) was resistant to nicardipine (1 microM), but this same sustained contraction was completely inhibited by SK&F 96365 (30 microM), a blocker of voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channels and receptor-activated Ca2+ influx. The SK&F 96365-sensitive sustained contraction induced by noradrenaline (1 microM) may be due primarily to Ca2+ influx through receptor-activated Ca)+ channels resistant to nicardipine. Cumulatively applied BaCl2 (0.1 - 10 mM) increased the noradrenaline (1 microM)-induced sustained contraction of the pulmonary arterial preparation in the absence of nicardipine, but in the presence of nicardipine (1 microM), BaCl2 (0.1 - 3 mM) did not affect this contraction. A higher concentration of BaCl22 (10 mM), however, weakly inhibited the noradrenaline (1 microM)-induced tone. In addition, BaCl2 (3-10 mM) increased the tone induced by KCl (60 mM), and the BaCl2-elevated KCl tone was markedly inhibited by nicardipine (1 microM) treatment. In the guinea-pig isolated oesophageal muscularis mucosae, sustained contraction induced by acetylcholine (3 microM) was resistant to nicardipine (1 microM) but was returned to its basal level by SK&F 96365 (30-60 microM). The SK&F 96365-sensitive, acetylcholine-induced sustained contraction of the oesophageal muscularis mucosae is also likely to link with receptor-activated Ca2+ channels resistant to nicardipine. In contrast to the rat pulmonary artery, cumulatively applied BaC12 (0.3 - 10 mM) inhibited the acetylcholine (3 microM)-induced sustained contraction of the oesophageal muscularis mucosae in a concentration-dependent manner in the presence of nicardipine (1 microM). In conclusion, Ba2+ presumably activates voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels by depolarizing plasma membrane and also passes through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels to contract the pulmonary artery in the absence of nicardipine, and Ba2+ also has a minor effect on the nicardipine-resistant, SK&F 96365-sensitive sustained contraction induced by noradrenaline in rat isolated pulmonary artery.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed2000

Investigation into the 5-hydroxytryptophan-evoked luminal 5-hydroxytryptamine release from the guinea pig colon.

The effect of an endogenous 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), on the luminal outflow of 5-HT was examined using the luminally perfused isolated colon of the guinea pig, a model that would facilitate the pharmacological analysis of luminal 5-HT release from enterochromaffin cells (EC cells). 5-HTP (1-10 microM) concentration-dependently caused an increase of the luminal outflow of 5-HT. Either tetrodotoxin (0.3 microM) or atropine (0.2 microM) did not affect the 5-HTP-evoked increase in luminal 5-HT outflow, while the L-type calcium channel blocker, nicardipine (1 microM) or diltiazem (1 microM) reduced the 5-HTP-evoked 5-HT outflow by 47% and 61%, respectively. SB203186 (1 microM), a 5-HT4-receptor antagonist, enhanced the 5-HTP-evoked 5-HT outflow, while ramosetron (1 microM), a 5-HT3-receptor antagonist reduced the stimulating effect of 5-HTP by 66%. Ketanserin (0.1 microM), a 5-HT2A-receptor antagonist did not modify the stimulatory effect of 5-HTP. It is concluded that in the guinea pig colon, 5-HTP facilitates the luminal 5-HT release from EC cells, with no involvement of neuronal mechanisms and a non-neuronal cholinergic system. Furthermore, non-neuronal 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors appear to contribute to the regulation of the luminal 5-HT release evoked by 5-HTP. This new bioassay of the guinea pig colon allows the pharmacological characterization of uncomplicated luminal 5-HT release from EC cells.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1999

Plastic surgical reconstruction of left main coronary artery.

OBJECTIVE(S): To report the early and mid-term results of surgical plasty of the left main coronary artery in 12 patients operated upon between 1993 and 1997. METHODS: The anterior approach was used in all patients. Saphenous vein (n = 4) of glutaraldehyde treated autologous pericardium (n = 8) were used as patch material. Additional coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in 7 patients, the first 3 as a safety back up, and for coexisting stenosis of other coronary branches not revascularized by the plastic procedure in the remaining 4. RESULTS: Pathologic specimens of the left main coronary artery in 5 revealed atheroma in 3 and myxomatous intimal thickening in 2. The left main coronary artery was widely patent angiographically in all patients prior to discharge. Six patients consented to angiographic restudy 5-40 months after the procedure and revealed excellent results in 5. One patient upon whom autologous pericardial patch had been used underwent percutaneous coronary angioplasty for restenosis of the left main coronary artery and a new lesion of the proximal left anterior descending branch 5 months after the operation. There were no late deaths nor other cardiac events. All patients were in CCS class 1 at their last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical angioplasty of the left main coronary artery could be used to revascularize the left heart safely in patients with a discrete localized lesion of the left main coronary artery and is particularly useful in the face of unavailability of other conduits.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Multiple primary cancers of the esophagus and thyroid gland.

The occurrence of multiple primary cancers in the aerodigestive tract is a well known phenomenon that has been explained by the concept of 'field carcinogenesis'. Metachronous or synchronous esophageal cancer has usually been identified in patients with head and neck cancer, gastric cancer or colon cancer. The incidence of multiple primary cancers of the esophagus and thyroid gland is very low. We treated four patients with synchronous cancers of the cervical esophagus and the thyroid gland. Histologically, all of the esophageal cancers were squamous cell carcinomas. Thyroid cancers were evaluated as papillary carcinoma or follicular carcinoma. Both the esophageal cancer and the thyroid cancer frequently metastasized to lymph nodes. All patients had multiple lymph nodes metastasis from the esophageal or the thyroid cancer. In one patient, both the esophageal and the thyroid cancers were detected in the same lymph node. Three of four patients died from recurrence of esophageal cancer. The prognosis of these patients was poor. In the treatment of esophageal carcinoma, cancers of other organs including the thyroid gland should be carefully investigated.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Efficacy of mupirocin in eradicating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from nasal discharge in carrying cardiovascular surgical patients].

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from nasal discharge was identified in 37 (2.5%) cardiovascular patients operated between 1995 and 1997; 25 male and 12 female, ranging from 1 to 83 years (mean 63); 2 were excluded because of Arbekacin or Isodine-gel treatment. The first 17 were treated with Vancomycin inhalation (V group) and eradication was considered to have been achieved when 3 consecutive negative cultures were obtained; the subsequent 18 were treated with Mupirocin (M group) and eradication was determined by 1 negative culture. In post-eradication electively operated 13 V and 15 M, postoperative MRSA infection was observed in one M (wound infection); the interval from the first nasal culture to the operation was 68 +/- 58 in V and 32 +/- 12 days in M, respectively (p < 0.05). In the remaining 7 who had to undergo emergency surgery while waiting for eradication because of progression of symptoms (2 V) or prior to instituting treatment (2 V, and 3 M), postoperative MRSA infection was observed in 2 M (both pneumonia). No deaths from infection were observed. Though the time required for conversion of the nasal culture was longer in V (13 +/- 20) than in M (7 +/- 1 days) differences were not significant. Mupirocin is easier to use, eradication can be achieved generally within a week.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1998

Ba2+ selectively inhibits receptor-mediated contraction of the esophageal muscularis mucosae.

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of Ba2+ on acetylcholine- and KCl-induced contractions of the guinea-pig esophageal muscularis mucosae. When the muscularis mucosae was pretreated with nicardipine (1 microM), Ba2+ (0.1-30 mM) markedly inhibited the acetylcholine (3 microM)-induced tone, and at 10-30 mM the tone returned to its basal level. In contrast, Ba2+ (0.1-30 mM) slightly increased the KCl (60 mM)-induced tone. Moreover, the Ba2+ (30 mM)-increased KCl tone was completely inhibited by treatment with nicardipine (0.3-1 microM). In conclusion, Ba2+ both selectively inhibits receptor-mediated contraction of the muscularis mucosae and itself permeates through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1998

Pharmacological characterization of endothelin-induced contraction in the guinea-pig oesophageal muscularis mucosae.

1. In the oesophageal muscularis mucosae, we examined the effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1), endothelin-2 (ET-2), endothelin-3 (ET-3) and sarafotoxin S6c (SX6c) as agonists, and FR139317, BQ-123 and RES-701-1 as endothelin receptor antagonists. 2. All of the endothelins produced tonic contractions which were frequently superimposed on rhythmic motility in a concentration-dependent manner. The order of potency (-log EC50) was ET-1 (8.61)=SX6c (8.65)>ET-2 (8.40)>ET-3 (8.18). 3. FR139317 (1-3 microM) and BQ-123 (1 microM) caused parallel rightward shifts of the concentration-response curve to ET-1, but at higher concentrations caused no further shift. RES-701-1 (3 microM) caused a rightward shift of the concentration-response curve to ET-1, while RES-701-1 (10 microM) had no additional effect. RES-701-1 (0.1-1 microM) concentration-dependently caused a rightward shift of the concentration-response curve to SX6c. The contraction to ET-1 (10 nM) in preparations desensitized to the actions of SX6c was greatly inhibited by pretreatment with FR139317 (10 microM). 4. Modulation of the Ca2+ concentration in the Krebs solution caused the concentration-response curve to ET-1 or SX6c to shift to the right and downward as external Ca2+ concentrations decreased. Verapamil (30 microM) abolished rhythmic motility induced by ET-1 or SX6c. Ni2+ (0.1 mM) weakly inhibited ET-1- or SX6c-induced tonic contraction. SK&F 96365 (60 microM) completely inhibited ET-1-induced contractions. 5. We conclude that there are two types of ET-receptors, excitatory ET(A)- and ET(B)-receptors in the oesophageal muscularis mucosae. These receptors mediate tonic contractions predominantly by opening receptor-operated Ca2+ channels (ROCs) and partly by opening T-type Ca2+ channels, and mediate rhythmic motility by opening L-type Ca2+ channels.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus: report of a case successfully treated with pre- and post-operative adjuvant hormone-chemotherapy.

Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus is a very rare and deadly disease, with a survival of 2.2% at 5 years and a median survival of about 10 months. The aggressive biological behavior of this disease and advanced stage at the time of diagnosis together with the lack of effective treatment have contributed to its poor prognosis. We present the case of a 45-year-old Japanese man diagnosed as having a primary melanoma of the esophagus by clinical evaluation and a histological examination of endoscopic biopsy specimens. A novel approach consisting of pre- and post-operative chemo-hormone therapy with dacarbazine, nimustine, cisplatin and tamoxifen in conjunction with radical esophagectomy accompanied by lymph node dissection was carried out. The tumor size was decreased to 70% by the pre-operative chemo-hormone therapy. During the post-operative 32 months of follow-up, no evidence of recurrence or metastatic disease has been found. Although this is only one case, the outcome observed suggests that the combination of pre- and post-operative chemo-hormone therapy and radical esophagectomy with lymph node dissection is a modality that can increase the possibility of curability or at least improve the survival of patients with primary melanoma of the esophagus.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1998

The role of receptor-operated CA2+ influx in endothelin-induced contraction of the muscularis mucosae.

We examined the role of receptor-operated Ca2+ influx in endothelin-1 (ET-1)- or sarafotoxin S6c (S6c)-induced contraction of the muscularis mucosae. Responses of the esophageal muscularis mucosae isolated from guinea-pigs were recorded by an isotonic transducer and a polygraph. ET-1 and S6c produced contraction of the esophageal muscularis mucosae in a concentration-dependent manner. The contractile responses to ETs were abolished in a Ca(2+)-free EGTA-containing medium, weakly inhibited by nicardipine, and markedly inhibited by SK&F96365. In addition, both H-7 and U-73122 strongly inhibited the ET-induced contractions, but U-73343 weakly inhibited these responses. These results indicate that the esophageal muscularis mucosae of guinea pigs has ET receptors that are coupled mainly to receptor-operated Ca2+ influx and linked with the phospholipase C-protein kinase C pathway.

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine↗
PubMed1998

Tuberculosis of the esophagus.

We report a case of a patient with esophageal tuberculosis, a very uncommon form of extrapulmonar tuberculosis. Initially, because of constitutional symptomatology and radiological findings of mediastinal lymph node enlargement, lymphoma was considered. However, the endoscopic findings of ulcerative masses and a sinus tract revealed by esophagram were suspicious of tuberculous origin. Diagnosis was achieved after bacterial examination of smear samples from esophageal ulcers that revealed bacillus tuberculous and histological demonstration of caseating granulomas in cervical lymph nodes. Tuberculous mediastinal lymphadenitis was thought to be source of the spread to esophagus. The patient was successfully treated with a three antituberculous drugs regimen. In spite of its rarity, even in patients without risk factors, the diagnosis would be considered in the differential diagnosis of uncertain esophageal lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Cloning and expression of the rubredoxin gene from Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Miyazaki F)--comparison of the primary structure of desulfoferrodoxin.

A gene encoding rubredoxin from Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Miyazaki F) was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. A 1.1-kilobase pair DNA fragment, isolated from D. vulgaris (Miyazaki F) by double digestion with SmaI and SalI, contained two genes, the rubredoxin gene (rub) and the desulfoferrodoxin gene (rbo) which was situated upstream of rub. The deduced amino acid sequence of desulfoferrodoxin was homologous to those from other strains and Cys residues that are responsible to bind irons were also conserved. The expression system for rub was constructed under the control of the T7 promoter in E. coli. The purified protein was soluble and had a characteristic visible absorption spectrum. Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission analysis and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis of the recombinant rubredoxin revealed the presence of an iron ion in a distorted tetrahedral geometry that was the same as native D. vulgaris rubredoxin. In vitro NADH reduction analysis indicated that recombinant rubredoxin was active, and its redox potential was determined as -5 mV.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Antiperistaltic transverse colostomy for massive bowel necrosis following surgery for an abdominal aortic aneurysm: report of a case.

We herein report the findings of a 72-year-old man with gangrenous multivisceral necrosis following an operation for abdominal aortic aneurysm. The region of necrosis, which accompanied infarction of the left kidney, included the entire ileum and the ascending, descending, and sigmoid colon. An end ileostomy and transverse colostomy were performed subsequent to massive bowel resection in a second operation. After the second operation, he was managed with total parenteral nutrition and recovered uneventfully except for end-jejunostomy syndrome. A third operation was performed to reconstruct the interrupted bowel. To minimize abandoned bowel, antiperistaltic transverse colostomy was used for jejunocolonal reconstruction. The antiperistaltic colostomy improved the symptoms of end-jejunostomy syndrome and normalized the patient's vitamin B12 and bile acid levels. An antiperistaltic colostomy is thus considered to be useful for preventing short bowel syndrome after a massive bowel resection.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Endoscopic sphincterotomy assisted by percutaneous transhepatic choledochal tube: a preliminary report.

We report a method of endoscopic retrograde sphincterotomy in patients in whom the optimal viewing of the papilla of Vater is hardly obtained. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage (PTCD)-tube is placed under ultrasonographic guidance. PTCD-tube coming out of the papilla of Vater is observed by the endoscope and the guide wire inside the shpincterotome is inserted into the PTCD-tube. Sphincterotome is advanced into the common bile duct by the guidance of the guide wire and PTCD-tube. Sphincterotomy is performed in a usual fashion. Two patients with previous history of gastrectomy underwent this procedure with successful results. This method should be tried when usual method of EST is difficult and unsuccessful.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Effect of suramin on human esophageal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.

BACKGROUND: Suramin disrupts several kinds of growth factor receptors. Since human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma expresses abundant epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) and proliferates in an autocrine and paracrine manner, it was expected that suramin inhibits tumor growth by disrupting EGFR. METHODS: We studied the effect of suramin on the human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line KEsC-II in vitro and in an animal model. RESULTS: Cell proliferation was stimulated at a low concentration and inhibited at a high concentration of suramin in vitro. Since autophosphorylation of EGFR was stronger at the low concentration and weaker at the high concentration of suramin compared with the control, the effect of suramin was thought to be via phosphorylation of receptors. In the animal model tumor growth was significantly stimulated in the suramin-treated group compared with the control group, and the BrdU labeling index was also higher in the suramin-treated group. CONCLUSIONS: As it was impossible to increase the dose of suramin intravenously because of side effects, administration of suramin by another method, such as subcutaneous injection around the tumor, may increase the concentration of suramin in the tumor tissue and promote the anti-tumor effect of suramin.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Coronary artery bypass surgery in aged patients].

From January 1993 through December 1996, 749 patients underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. Of these patients, 578 patients were older than 60 years old. We classified them into three groups; Group A were the 60 to 69 year age group (337 patients), Group B were the 70 to 79 year age group (224 patients) and Group C were over 80 years age group (17 patients). Emergency cases and preoperative LV dysfunction cases were more frequently in Group C, but mortality did not differ among three groups. Duration of intubation, ICU stay and hospital stay were longer in Group C than other groups and complications (PMI, arrhythmia and reoperation for bleeding) were more frequently in Group C. Coronary artery bypass surgery can be performed in aged patients, especially for patients over 80 years old, with acceptably low mortality and significant functional benefit but a high incidence of complications necessitates careful postoperative management in aged patients.

Age Factors↗