Tendon destruction induced by Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus in a patient with Sézary syndrome.
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Bacterial Toxins↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Kamio
Publications and source records attributed to Y Kamio.
[Aneurysmal bone cyst arising in the rib; report of a case].
We experienced with a relatively rare case of an aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) arising in the left rib. A 34-year-old female, had experienced chest discomfort on the left anterior side and pain for 1 year. A chest X-ray suggested a left chest wall tumor involving the ribs. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a bone scintigram revealed an expansive tumor of the anterior portion of the left 4th rib involving the 3rd and 5th rib with "blow out appearance" and "fluid-fluid level". Wide excision of the tumor and adjacent muscle tissue was performed with an antero-axillary incision. Chest wall reconstruction was performed with prolene mesh (140 x 90 mm). The resected specimen showed an encapsulated bony mass (75 x 60 x 35 mm) with multiple blood-filled spaces. Histopathological diagnosis was an ABC originating in the left 4th rib. She has been doing well with no evidence of recurrence 12 months postoperatively.
Adult↗
[Completion pneumonectomy 9 years after middle lobectomy for adenocarcinoma].
Completion pneumonectomy (CP) is a difficult operation in which the surgeon must use techniques such as intrapericardial ligation of the pulmonary vessels. We report herein a case of CP for a patient with recurrent lung cancer. A 63-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of abnormal shadows in the right lung field in October 2002. Right middle lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection had been performed in February 1993. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a hilar mass in the right upper lobe the day after admission. Bronchofiberscopic cytology revealed squamous cell carcinoma. Right completion pneumonectomy was performed on suspicion of metachronous multiple lung cancers 4 days later. Histopathologically, resected specimens represented adenosquamous carcinoma similar to the prior lesion from the middle lobe, and examination revealed that the tumor represented a recurrence following middle lobectomy. The patient remains well as of 19 months postoperatively.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Esophageal gastrointestinal stromal tumor surrounding the middle esophagus with dysphagia for 8 years; report of a case].
In September 2002, a 24-year-old woman complaining dysphagia with an abnormal shadow in a chest X-ray was admitted to our hospital. Endoscopic ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a hypo-echoic, low-density mass surrounding the middle esophagus. Bronchofiberscopy and gastrofiberscopy showed compression from the outside of bronchus and esophagus. No ulcer formation was found. Transbronchial aspiration biopsy and esophageal biopsy showed no malignancy. After 14 cm thoractomy, extirpation of the tumor was performed. The solid tumor was 10.5 x 3.0 x 2.5 cm in dimension, and the cut surface of the tumor was light yellow. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for c-kit, SMA, CD34, and S-100. Histopathologically, the tumor was diagnosed as gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), combined smooth muscle-neural type. A postoperative upper gastrointestinal tract barium study showed no stenosis. She is doing well without evidence of tumor recurrence at 12 months postoperatively. Although GIST is the most common mensenchymal tumor of the human gastrointestinal tract, this case is reported because the GIST arising from the middle esophagus is very rare.
Adult↗
Phage conversion of Panton-Valentine leukocidin in Staphylococcus aureus: molecular analysis of a PVL-converting phage, phiSLT.
Staphylococcal Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is an important virulence factor, which causes leukocytolysis and tissue necrosis. Our previous report on the existence of the PVL genes (lukS-PV and lukF-PV) on the genome of prophage phiPVL in the Staphylococcus aureus strain V8 suggested the horizontal transmission of PVL genes by temperate bacteriophage among S. aureus (Kaneko, et al., 1998. Gene 215, 57-67). Here, we demonstrated the phage conversion of S. aureus leading to the production of PVL by discovery of a novel PVL-carrying phage, phiSLT (Staphylococcal Leukocytolytic Toxin) from a clinical isolate of S. aureus. phiSLT was able to lysogenize several clinical isolates of PVL-negative S. aureus strains as well as strain RN4220 at the conserved 29-bp sequence (attB) and all the lysogenized S. aureus strains had the ability to produce PVL. phiSLT had an elongated head of about 100x50 nm and a flexible tail of 400 nm long, that was quite different from phiPVL which had an isometric hexagonal head of about 60 nm diameter. The linear double-stranded phiSLT genome comprised 42,942 bp with 29-bp attachment core sequences and contained 62 open reading frames. Only 6.4 kbp region containing lysis cassette, PVL genes, attP, integrase, and orf204 of phiSLT was identical to that of phiPVL, while other regions were different from those of phiPVL. Thus, it can be concluded that PVL genes are carried by different temperate phages, which have the same attachment site.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Mitral regurgitation after myocardial infarction. Coronary artery bypass grafting and mitral valve replacement with chordae preservation.
A patient with acute ischemic mitral regurgitation after acute myocardial infarction required emergency coronary artery bypass grafting and mitral valve replacement with chordae preservation. For severe mitral regurgitation and heart failure due to myocardial infarction and ischemic papillary muscle dysfunction, mitral valve replacement with chordae preservation was effective. Here, we discuss the etiology of ischemic mitral regurgitation and the operative method for valve repair or replacement.
Aged↗
Verbal association for simple common words in high-functioning autism.
We investigated conceptual relationships in semantic memory using an indirect priming technique in high-functioning autistic adolescents and their controls who were matched for age, verbal IQ, performance IQ, and nonverbal reasoning ability. The prime was a single word and the target task was completing a word fragment that was semantically related or unrelated to the prime word. The autistic subjects and controls showed similar semantic priming effects, indicating intact conceptual relationships for simple common words in those with autism. Only in the autistic group was a significant correlation found between performance for the related items and two nonverbal cognitive measures, which suggests a possibility that semantic processing in individuals with autism might be qualitatively different from that in controls.
Adolescent↗
Effect of a cysteinyl leukotriene antagonist, pranlukast hydrate, on acetaldehyde-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients.
Acetaldehyde is a main factor of alcohol-induced asthma. We previously reported that the cysteinyl leukotriene (cys-LT) receptor antagonist, pranlukast hydrate, inhibits acetaldehyde-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the involvement of cys-LT on bronchial responsiveness to acetaldehyde in asthmatic patients. We investigated the bronchial response to inhalation of acetaldehyde in 10 asthmatic patients, who were treated with placebo or pranlukast hydrate (225.5 mg), a cys-LT receptor antagonist, twice a day for 1 wk using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. Although a remarkable improvement of acetaldehyde bronchoconstriction was observed in 3 out of 10 subjects, PC(20)-AcCHO values were identical between placebo [12.0 (GSEM, 1.192) mg/ml] and pranlukast [14.7 (GSEM, 1.245) mg/ml] groups. The changes in bronchial responsiveness to acetaldehyde were similar in the six patients who had never experienced alcohol-induced asthma and the four who had. In conclusion, cys-LTs are not involved in acetaldehyde-induced bronchoconstriction.
Acetaldehyde↗
Successfully treated composite graft infection after Bentall's procedure.
A 47-year-old male patient underwent Bentall's modification with total arch replacement owing to type A acute dissection. Mediastinitis and composite graft infection occurred 3 weeks after the operation. Extensive debridement and irrigation followed by omental wrapping without graft removal were performed and the patient was successfully cured.
Aneurysm, Infected↗
Chemotherapy of thymic carcinoma: analysis of seven cases and review of the literature.
BACKGROUND: Thymic carcinoma has a dismal prognosis compared with thymoma, because most of such tumors have locoregional invasion when diagnosed. Thus the important step in the management of thymic carcinoma is the introduction of systemic chemotherapy. However, as thymic carcinoma is a rare neoplasm, treatment with chemotherapy has not been studied systematically. METHODS: We analyzed seven cases of primary thymic carcinoma, treated with various chemotherapy regimens in our hospital from 1990 to 1999, and carried out a literature review of case reports of thymic carcinoma successfully treated with chemotherapy. RESULTS: All four cases who received modified ADOC therapy obtained partial responses. Other chemotherapeutic regimens (CHOP-E, PVB) were not effective. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study and the literature review, we feel that a positive response is obtainable with chemotherapy for thymic carcinoma. Modified ADOC therapy showed consistent efficacy in thymic carcinoma in this study.
Adult↗
Purification and characterization of an extracellular poly(L-lactic acid) depolymerase from a soil isolate, Amycolatopsis sp. strain K104-1.
Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA)-degrading Amycolatopsis sp. strains K104-1 and K104-2 were isolated by screening 300 soil samples for the ability to form clear zones on the PLA-emulsified mineral agar plates. Both of the strains assimilated >90% of emulsified 0.1% (wt/vol) PLA within 8 days under aerobic conditions. A novel PLA depolymerase with a molecular weight of 24,000 was purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant of strain K104-1. The purified enzyme degraded high-molecular-weight PLA in emulsion and in solid film, ultimately forming lactic acid. The optimum pH for the enzyme activity was 9.5, and the optimum temperature was 55 to 60 degrees C. The PLA depolymerase also degraded casein and fibrin but did not hydrolyze collagen type I, triolein, tributyrin, poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate), or poly(epsilon-caprolactone). The PLA-degrading and caseinolytic activities of the enzyme were inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride but were not significantly affected by soybean trypsin inhibitor, N-tosyl-L-lysyl chloromethyl ketone, N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone, and Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor. Thus, Amycolatopsis sp. strain K104-1 excretes the unique PLA-degrading and fibrinolytic serine enzyme, utilizing extracellular polylactide as a sole carbon source.
Actinomycetales↗
DNA inversion in the tail fiber gene alters the host range specificity of carotovoricin Er, a phage-tail-like bacteriocin of phytopathogenic Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora Er.
Carotovoricin Er is a phage-tail-like bacteriocin produced by Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strain Er, a causative agent for soft rot disease in plants. Here we studied binding and killing spectra of carotovoricin Er preparations for various strains of the bacterium (strains 645Ar, EC-2, N786, and P7) and found that the preparations contain two types of carotovoricin Er with different host specificities; carotovoricin Era possessing a tail fiber protein of 68 kDa killed strains 645Ar and EC-2, while carotovoricin Erb with a tail fiber protein of 76 kDa killed strains N786 and P7. The tail fiber proteins of 68 and 76 kDa had identical N-terminal amino acid sequences for at least 11 residues. A search of the carotovoricin Er region in the chromosome of strain Er indicated the occurrence of a DNA inversion system for the tail fiber protein consisting of (i) two 26-bp inverted repeats inside and downstream of the tail fiber gene that flank a 790-bp fragment and (ii) a putative DNA invertase gene with a 90-bp recombinational enhancer sequence. In fact, when a 1,400-bp region containing the 790-bp fragment was amplified by a PCR using the chromosomal DNA of strain Er as the template, both the forward and the reverse nucleotide sequences of the 790-bp fragment were detected. DNA inversion of the 790-bp fragment also occurred in Escherichia coli DH5alpha when two compatible plasmids carrying either the 790-bp fragment or the invertase gene were cotransformed into the bacterium. Furthermore, hybrid carotovoricin CGE possessing the tail fiber protein of 68 or 76 kDa exhibited a host range specificity corresponding to that of carotovoricin Era or Erb, respectively. Thus, a DNA inversion altered the C-terminal part of the tail fiber protein of carotovoricin Er, altering the host range specificity of the bacteriocin.
Bacteriocins↗
Video-assisted thoracoscopic sterilization for exacerbation of chronic empyema thoracis.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of video-assisted thoracoscopic sterilization to treat patients with exacerbation of chronic empyema thoracis. DESIGN: Case reports and literature review. SETTING: Academic department of surgery. PATIENTS: Two elderly, debilitated patients with worsening, chronic empyema thoracis as diagnosed by radiographs, CT, and thoracentesis. Both patients had a history of therapeutic pneumothorax for tuberculosis without bronchopleural fistulas. INTERVENTIONS: Video-assisted thoracoscopic sterilization of the thoracic cavity. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: There was no recurrence of empyema during a 6-year follow-up period for one patient and a 2.5-year follow-up period for the other patient. CONCLUSIONS: Video-assisted thoracoscopic sterilization is a minimally invasive useful treatment for elderly or debilitated patients with exacerbation of chronic empyema thoracis.
Aged↗
[Structure and mode of action of staphylococcal bi-component pore-forming toxins].
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Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Oxygen metabolism and oxidative stress in lactic acid bacteria].
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Aerobiosis↗
[Endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy (ETS) with a fine 2-mm thoracoscope in palmar hyperhidrosis].
Endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy (ETS) is an efficient, safe, minimally invasive procedure, and requires only a short period of hospitalization. We performed bilateral ETS using a thoracoscope 2 mm in diameter. We performed 120 ETS for the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis from August 1997 to April 2000. The patient was placed in the semi-sitting position under general anesthesia, one-lung ventilation being used; the operation was performed with 2-mm two-puncture method. The sympathetic chain could be observed through parietal pleura riding on the costovertebral junctions. A 2-mm Kirschner wire was employed as an electrode, and the second and third thoracic sympathetic chains were electro cauterized. A thoracic drain was not used. The needling sites were only 2 mm in size and could be fixed without suture. For the patient, a small scar of this size means virtually no scar. The operative times were from 11 min to 81 min in bilateral ETS. Immediately and dramatic decrease in the sweat excretion in the palms was noted in all patients. The 95% patients were highly satisfied with the results. The commonest side effects were compensatory sweating. This procedure is recommended as the method of choice for the surgical treatments of palmar hyperhidrosis.
Adolescent↗
Streptococcus mutans H2O2-forming NADH oxidase is an alkyl hydroperoxide reductase protein.
Nox-1 from Streptococcus mutans, the bacteria which cause dental caries, was previously identified as an H2O2-forming reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidase. Nox-1 is homologous with the flavoprotein component, AhpF, of Salmonella typhimurium alkyl hydroperoxide reductase. A partial open reading frame upstream of nox1, homologous with the other (peroxidase) component, ahpC, from the S. typhimurium system, was also identified. We report here the complete sequence of S. mutans ahpC. Analyses of purified AhpC together with Nox-1 have verified that these proteins act as a cysteine-based peroxidase system in S. mutans, catalyzing the NADH-dependent reduction of organic hydroperoxides or H2O2 to their respective alcohols and/or H2O. These proteins also catalyze the four-electron reduction of O2 to H2O2, clarifying the role of Nox-1 as a protective protein against oxygen toxicity. Major differences between Nox-1 and AhpF include: (i) the absolute specificity of Nox-1 for NADH; (ii) lower amounts of flavin semiquinone and a more prominent FADH2 to NAD+ charge transfer absorbance band stabilized by Nox-1; and (iii) even higher redox potentials of disulfide centers relative to flavin for Nox-1. Although Nox-1 and AhpC from S. mutans were shown to play a protective role against oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo in Escherichia coli, the lack of a significant effect on deletion of these genes from S. mutans suggests the presence of additional antioxidant proteins in these bacteria.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Angiosarcoma of the chest wall.
A 50-year-old man sustaining bilateral chest wall angiosarcomas at intervals of several months underwent lesion resection. Angiosarcoma is so rare that we found no case in the literature who had undergone bilateral chest wall surgery for such tumors. His second tumor was thought to be metastatic rather than primary. Despite the 2 surgeries, irradiation, and chemotherapy, however, his prognosis was grave, as in other reports on angiosarcoma.
Hemangiosarcoma↗