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Biomedical subjects

Y Kanbayashi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kanbayashi.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Midazolam-atropine lollipop for pediatric premedication].

Strawberry flavored sweet lollipop containing midazolam (5 mg) and atropine (0.25 mg) was evaluated for the premedication of pediatric patients as judged by sedative and anti-anxious effects and gastric fluid volume and acidity. The subjects of this prospective, double blind, random and controlled study were 175 children aged between 6 months and 10 years. They were divided into three groups: group A patients receiving the lollipop containing only 5 mg midazolam (n = 78), group B patients receiving the lollipop containing only 0.25 mg atropine (n = 21), and group C patients receiving the lollipop containing 5 mg midazolam and 0.25 mg atropine (n = 76). The plasma midazolam concentration was measured in ten children in group A. The sedative and anti-anxious effects were scaled with four levels. The children receiving the lollipop containing midazolam (group A and C) showed a better level of the sedative and anti-anxious state. The volume of gastric fluid of group A was more than those of group B and C. The pH of group A gastric fluid was also higher than those of other groups. The correlation equation of the plasma midazolam concentration (y ng.ml-1) against time (t min) was y = 149 x e(-t/64), (r = 0.775). These results suggest that midazolam-atropine lollipop is one of the favorable choices as the premedication for pediatric patients.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
PubMed1998

Clinical evaluation of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder by objective quantitative measures.

This study assessed the diagnostic potential of the actigraph, the Continuous Performance Test, and the Matching Familiar Figures Test in diagnosing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Twenty boys previously diagnosed with ADHD and 52 controls were examined. By these measures the boys with ADHD were differentiated from the controls with sensitivity and specificity above 75%. We were able to classify ADHD into eight subtypes by combining the scores of the actigraph and the CPT: "hyperactive-impulsive", "hyperactive-inattentive", "impulsive-inattentive", "hyperactive", "impulsive", "inattentive", "mixed", and "unspecified" type. These classifications may be useful in diagnosing ADHD.

Attention↗
PubMed1997

[Research and development of beraprost sodium, a new stable PGI2 analogue].

A novel prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) analogue, beraprost sodium, is the first launched drug as an orally active PGI2. PGI2 was discovered in 1976, and has attracted much attention as a medicine for cardiovascular diseases such as strokes and heart attacks because of its potent antiplatelet and vasodilating effect. However, PGI2 is extremely unstable for the use as practical medicines. Thus, stable PGI2 analogues have been explored by a large number of researchers in the world. Just after the discovery of PGI2, we started a research on chemically and metabolically stable PGI2 derivatives with longer duration of action and less adverse reaction. We invented a novel class of stable PGI2, 5,6,7-trinor-4,8-inter-m-phenylenePGI2 analogues that have the phenol moiety instead of the enolether moiety of PGI2. Further efforts were devoted to enhance the efficacy of the PGI2 analogues and to eliminate their side effects, and an orally active analogue, beraprost sodium, was obtained. In order to establish the synthetic route of beraprost sodium, various novel processes were invented, including ortho-selective metalation of bromoanisoles by means of Grignard reagents, copper-catalyzed SN2' cyclization to prepare cyclopenta[b]benzofuran, and stereo-selective elongation of the omega-side chain by Prins reaction. Beraprost sodium inhibit platelet aggregation induced by adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), collagen and arachidonic acid. It was shown that the drug has a potent antiplatelet effect both in vitro and ex vivo in human and several animal species. In clinical studies, beraprost sodium exerted a marked effect to improve arteriosclerosis obliterans. No serious adverse effects related with the drug have been reported. It was highly evaluated as an orally active PGI2 by pharmaceutical companies overseas as well, and now clinical trials are under way in U.S.A. and Europe.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

ADHD-related behavior among non-referred children: parents' ratings of DSM-III-R symptoms.

To identify the prevalence of ADHD symptoms among non-referred children, parents' ratings based on DSM-III-R criteria for ADHD were obtained for 1022 metropolitan children of ages 4 to 12. The prevalence rates of fourteen behavior items were markedly lower for boys of ages 10-12 than of ages 7-9, and for girls of ages 7-9 than of ages 4-6. 41.5% of the 7.7% subjects meeting ADHD criteria had been identified by their teachers as having problems symptomatic of ADHD, and one third had been reported by their parents as having conduct problems and emotional difficulties. A factor analysis revealed three factors: inattention; hyperactivity; and excessive verbal activities.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1979

Yielding ability of erect- and narrow-leaved rice mutant in heavy manuring and dense planting culture.

A dwarf rice mutant was induced through the chronic exposure of 60Co gamma-rays. This mutant was crossed with a heavy-panicle type variety, and semi-dwarf plants permitting a more efficient distribution of light within the canopy were obtained. They along with current commercial varieties and the parent mutant were assessed for yield components, the yielding ability at three levels of nitrogen fertilizer by varying plant density and several other agronomic traits. The ssmidwarf rice possessed significantly higher rates of net photosynthetic CO2 uptake compared with that of current commercial varieties, and it was improved in yield return by increasing nitrogen application. Manner of display of leaves could be manipulated by induced mutations.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1978

Biological properties of islets-activating protein (IAP) purified from the culture medium of Bordetella pertussis.

The biological activities were studied of a new protein, islets-activating protein (IAP), purified from the culture medium of Bordetella pertussis. Rats injected intravenously with 1 microgram of purified IAP exhibited markedly enhanced insulin secretory responses to glucose, glucagon, epinephrine, and sulfonylureas over a period from 3 to 10 days after the injection. The degree and duration of the enhancement were proportional to the dose of IAP; the maximal effect induced by 1-2 microgram of IAP persisted for as long as 2 months. There was a highly significant correlation between the enhancement of insulin secretion and suppression of epinephrine hyperglycemia over a wide range of doses of IAP, indicating that suppression of epinephrine hyperglycemia resulted from hypoglycemic action of insulin secreted in response to epinephrine challenge. Additional actions of IAP were observed in mice; mice treated with higher doses of IAP showed symptoms were observed when lower doses of IAP were injected into mice. Thus, it is concluded that IAP is a protein primarily possessing a unique action to potentiate insulin secretory responses of experimental animals to nutritional and hormonal stimuli.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Subunit structure of islets-activating protein (IAP), a new protein isolated from the culture media of Bordetella pertussis.

The subunit structure was studied of islets-activating protein (IAP), a new protein recently isolated from the culture media of Bordetella pertussis and possessing a unique action, i.e., potentiating insulin secretory responses of animals, IAP dissociated into three subunits, F-1, F-2, and F-3, when incubated in 8M urea. Three subunits isolated by chromatography on CM-Sepharose and DEAE-Sepharose columns showed different molecular weights (F-1: 44,000, F-2: 20,000, F-3: 11,000) and different isoelectric points, but similar amino acid compositions. The F-1 subunit consisted of two polypeptide chains linked by S-S bonding(s), while the F-2 and F-3 subunits were single-chain peptides. These subunits, none of which was biologically active alone, associated upon incubation for 2 h at 37 degrees C and regained biological activities after association only when the F-3 subunit was present in the association product. Thus, the F-3 subunit was essential, and the F-1 and F-2 subunits were permissive, for the development of IAP activity in animals.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1978

Formation of biologically active protein from the subunits of islets-activating protein (IAP), a new protein isolated from Bordetella pertussis.

Based on the finding reported in the preceding paper (Kanbayashi, et al.: J. Biochem) that subunits of islets-activating protein (IAP), a new protein purified from the culture media of Bordetella pertussis, were inactive as such, but regained the original biological activities when recombined, the conditions required for recovery of the biological activities were studied. Essentially the same biological activities as the native IAP were recovered when the smallest subunit, F-3, was incubated with one of the other subunits, F-1 and F-2, at a pH of around 7, at temperatures below 30 degrees C and for longer than 12 h. During the incubation, association products were formed which were isolated by gel filtration as homogenous proteins that consisted of two subunits probably in a molar ratio of 1 : 1. The native IAP (consisting of two IAP subunits including F-3) were equipotent in enhancing insulin secretory responses, in inhibiting epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia, in inducing leukocytosis and in increasing histamine sensitivity in experimental animals.

Animals↗