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Biomedical subjects

Y Kase

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kase.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Effects of the Japanese herbal medicine Keishi-bukuryo-gan and 17beta-estradiol on calcitonin gene-related peptide-induced elevation of skin temperature in ovariectomized rats.

The effects of a Japanese herbal medicine, Keishi-bukuryo-gan, and 17beta-estradiol on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-induced elevation of skin temperature were investigated in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Ovariectomy not only potentiated CGRP-induced elevation of skin temperature and arterial vasorelaxation but also induced a lower concentration of endogenous CGRP in plasma and up-regulation of arterial CGRP receptors, suggesting that lowered CGRP in plasma due to ovarian hormone deficiency increases the number of CGRP receptors and consequently amplifies the stimulatory effects of CGRP to elevate skin temperature. Oral Keishi-bukuryo-gan (100-1000 mg/kg, once a day for 7 days) restored a series of CGRP-related responses observed in OVX rats by normalizing plasma CGRP levels in a dose-dependent manner as effectively as s.c. injection. 17Beta-estradiol (0.010 mg/kg, once a day for 7 days). However, Keishi-bukuryo-gan did not affect the lower concentration of plasma estradiol and the decreased uterine weight due to ovariectomy, although the hormone replacement of 17beta-estradiol restored them. These results suggest that Keishi-bukuryo-gan, which does not confer estrogen activity on plasma, may be useful for the treatment of hot flashes in patients for whom estrogen replacement therapy is contraindicated, as well as menopausal women.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

Effects of Dai-kenchu-to, a herbal medicine, on uterine and intestinal motility.

The effects of both Dai-kenchu-to and PGF(2alpha) on intestinal and uterine motility were studied in anaesthetized rabbits with force transducers implanted in the jejunum, ileum and uterus. A single intraduodenal administration of Dai-kenchu-to (300 mg/kg) enhanced the intestinal motility but not the uterine motility. However, intravenous administration of PGF(2alpha) (20 microg/kg) enhanced both intestinal and uterine motility. The effects of Dai-kenchu-to on the spontaneous contraction and contractile response of the isolated rat uterine strips to oxytocin, PGF(2alpha) or ACh were also studied. Oral administration of Dai-kenchu-to at 300 mg/kg for one week had no effect on either the spontaneous contraction or the contractile response of the uterus. These results indicate that Dai-kenchu-to may exert stimulatory effects on intestinal motility, as PGF(2alpha), but has no effect on the uterine motility, suggesting a selective effect on the gastrointestinal tract. Hence, Dai-kenchu-to may be safer than PGF(2alpha) in the treatment of postoperative adhesive ileus in women. However, more studies are needed to determine whether Dai-kenchu-to could be administered to pregnant women.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Mechanisms for contractile effect of Dai-kenchu-to in isolated guinea pig ileum.

The mechanisms by which Dai-kenchu-to (TJ-100), a kampo medicine, enhances gastrointestinal motility was investigated using isolated guinea pig ileum. TJ-100 induced contractions accompanied by autonomous contraction at a concentration of more than 3 x 10(-4) g/ml in a dose-related manner. The TJ-100-induced ileal contraction was suppressed by atropine and tetrodotoxin, but not by hexamethonium. This effect was partially suppressed in the presence of high concentrations of ICS 205-930, a serotonin 4 (5-HT4) receptor antagonist. In addition, TJ-100 showed an acetylcholine (ACh)-releasing action in the smooth muscle tissues of ileum. These results suggest that contractile response induced by TJ-100 is partially mediated by ACh released from the cholinergic nerve endings and that 5-HT4 receptors would be involved in the effect of TJ-100.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed2001

Dai-kenchu-to enhances accelerated small intestinal movement.

The present study was conducted to clarify the effects of Dai-kenchu-to on accelerated small intestinal movement. We evaluated the effects of Dai-kenchu-to and its constituent herbs (dried ginger root, ginseng, zanthoxylum fruit, and malt sugar) on carbachol-accelerated mouse small intestinal transit, and contractions induced by low-frequency electrostimulation (ESC), KCl, or acetylcholine (ACh) using isolated guinea pig ileum. Dai-kenchu-to (10-300 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly improved carbachol-accelerated small intestinal transit in a dose-dependent manner. Using a concentration with the compounded rate for Dai-kenchu-to 300 mg/kg, carbachol-accelerated small intestinal transit was also significantly improved with a single dose of dried ginger root or ginseng. At a concentration of 3 x 10(-5) g/ml or less, Dai-kenchu-to, dried ginger root, and ginseng all inhibited ESC but not KCl- or ACh-induced contractions. However, at a higher concentration of Dai-kenchu-to (10(-4) g/ml) or zanthoxylum fruit (10(-5) g/ml or more) the ESC were enhanced. Both Dai-kenchu-to and dried ginger root at 10(-3) g/ml remarkably inhibited the KCl-induced contractions. These results indicate that Dai-kenchu-to improves accelerated small intestinal movement and that dried ginger root and ginseng may be involved in this effect. It is also thought that the mechanisms mainly involve the direct inhibition of smooth muscle but with a contribution from neural inhibition.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed2001

[Evaluation of nasal valve by CT imaging].

UNLABELLED: The nasal valve was studied using coronal scans by computed tomography (CT). SUBJECTS: Coronal images were 5 mm thick obtained from 133 subjects 93 men and 40 women averaging 46 years of age. METHODS: The valvular area was studied in 2 slices containing nasal valve, anterior and posterior slices 5 mm apart. After defining standard points for evaluation, breadth, height and area were evaluated using NIH Image Version 1.59 from left and right as an unit. RESULTS: Results were follows: 1. The breadth of the nasal valvular area is larger in men than in women, and the height greater. The angle of valvular area is similar in both. 2. A comparison of anterior and posterior slices showed the smallest breadth of valvular area in the anterior slice to be smaller than in the posterior slice. The breadth of the vestivular area below the valvular area is larger in the anterior than posterior slice. The angle in the anterior slice is larger than that in the posterior slice. The area of valvular area in the anterior slice is smaller than that in the posterior slice.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Anterior turbinectomy: experimental and clinical study].

INTRODUCTION: Minimal cross-sectional areas situated at the anterior end of the inferior turbinate have the most influence on nasal patency. To improve persistent nasal obstruction, 2 types of inferior turbinectomies--conventional complete resection including the anterior and posterior mucosa and anterior resection of the anterior mucosa--were conducted and preoperative and postoperative nasal patency and stuffy sensation were compared and analyze. OBJECTS AND METHODS: Cases undergoing 2 types of turbinectomies between July 1997 and March 2000 numbered 63--conventional in 32 (64 sides) and anterior in 31 (62 sides). Anterior, posterior, and total nasal volume and minimal cross-sectional area were evaluated pre- and postoperatively using an acoustic rhinometer. The stuffy sensation was similarly evaluated by the visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: All nasal volumes showed postoperative increase under conventional treatments. Anterior and posterior volumes significantly increased under anterior treatment. Comparing the results of postoperative volume posterior volume was significantly larger under conventional treatment than under anterior treatment. Stuffy sensation significantly improved by VAS in both types of turbinectomy, with no significant difference between them. CONCLUSION: Anterior treatment to solely increase nasal volume at the minimal cross sectional area showed equal postoperative improvement in VAS under conventional treatment.

Acoustics↗
PubMed2001

[The influence of septal perforation on measurement by acoustic rhinometry].

The influence of septal perforation on results of acoustic rhinometry was studied using cases of septal perforation and a human-nose model. Acoustic rhinometry was conducted before and after closing the perforation (average 16 mm in diameter, 23 mm from the nostril) by thin cotton patches in 33 cases (19 men and 14 women). The decrease in cross-sectional area and volume after closure was statistically significant. A human-nose model with septal holes ranging from 5, 10, 15, to 20 mm and locations ranging from 20, 40, to 50 mm from the nostril was studied by acoustic rhinometry. Our results suggest that the effect of perforations on the measurement is much greater in anterior perforations than in posterior perforations.

Acoustics↗
PubMed2000

Relative biological effectiveness for cell-killing effect on various human cell lines irradiated with heavy-ion medical accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) carbon-ion beams.

PURPOSE: To clarify the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values of various human cell lines for carbon-ion beams with 2 different linear energy transfer (LET) beams and to investigate the relationship between the cell-killing effect and the biophysical characters, such as the chromosome number and the area of the cell nucleus, using qualitatively different kinds of radiations. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Sixteen different human cell lines were irradiated with carbon-ion beams, having 2 different LET values (LET(infinity) = 13.3 and approximately 77 keV/microm), accelerated by the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) at National Institute of Radiological Sciences in Japan. Cell-killing effect was detected as reproductive cell death using a colony-formation assay. The number of chromosomes was observed in a metaphase spread using the conventional method. The area of the cell nucleus was calculated as an ellipse on photographs using a micrometer. RESULTS: The RBE values calculated by the D(10), which is determined as the dose (Gy) required to reduce the surviving fraction to 10%, relative to X-rays, range from 1.06 to 1.33 for 13-keV/microm-beam and from 2.00 to 3. 01 for approximate 77-keV/microm-beam irradiation on each cell line. There was a good correlation in the D(10) values of each cell line between X-rays and carbon-ion beams. However, the D(10) values did not clearly depend on either the chromosome number or the area of the cell nuclei. CONCLUSION: The RBE values for HIMAC carbon-ion beams are consistent with previous reports using carbon-ion beams with the similar LET values, and the cellular radiosensitivity of different cell lines well correlate among different types of radiation.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed2000

Change in radiosensitivity with fractionated-dose irradiation of carbon-ion beams in five different human cell lines.

PURPOSE: To investigate the change in the surviving fractions by fractionated-dose irradiations with carbon ions, based on the recovery of potentially lethal damage (PLDR) and the change of radiosensitivity by every fractionated-dose irradiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: One normal human and four human-tumor cell lines were used. Cells were irradiated with carbon ions accelerated by the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) at National Institute of Radiological Sciences in Japan. The LET values were estimated to be 13.18 keV/microm for low-LET beams and 76.92 +/- 0.20 keV/microm for high-LET beams. Fractionated-dose irradiations were carried out with 5 fractions within a 24-h interval. RESULTS: The surviving fractions for the fractionated-dose irradiation with X-rays and carbon ions decreased exponentially with increasing the number of fractions in the tumor cell lines. In contrast, the surviving fractions for the carbon ions in normal human cells decreased exponentially as well as the tumor cell lines, while it tended to level off from the 3rd to the 5th fraction in the case of using X-rays. CONCLUSION: The change in both the recovery ratio of the PLDR and radiosensitivity by every fractionated-dose irradiation depends on individual cell lines and the quality of radiations.

Carbon↗
PubMed2000

Correlation between cell killing and residual chromatin breaks measured by PCC in six human cell lines irradiated with different radiation types.

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between cell killing and residual chromatin breaks after irradiation with qualitatively different types of radiation in six human cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six human tumour cell lines and normal human cells were irradiated with 200 kV X-rays and two carbon-ion beams accelerated by the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) differing in LET. At the sample position the carbon-ion beams had LET infinity values of 13.1 and 77.5 +/- 0.4 keV/microm. Cell inactivation was documented by a colony assay. Residual chromatin breaks were measured by counting the number of residual chromatin fragments at 24h, detected by the premature chromosome condensation (PCC) technique. RESULTS: The cell lines covered a broad range of radiosensitivity. D10 values ranged from 3.53 to 8.12 Gy for X-rays, 2.56 to 7.41 Gy for the lower LET carbon ions and 1.17 to 3.85 Gy for the higher LET carbon ions. The results for residual chromatin breaks indicate that the more radiosensitive cell lines showed a greater induction of residual chromatin breaks either by X-rays or carbon-ions, and that an X-ray resistant cell line also showed resistance to carbon-ions. Cellular radiosensitivity correlated with the frequency of residual chromatin breaks. CONCLUSION: The detection of residual chromatin breaks by the PCC technique could be used to predict cellular radiosensitivity among qualitatively different types of radiation.

Carbon↗
PubMed2000

Significant increase in prostaglandin E-main urinary metabolite by laxative administration: comparison with ulcerative colitis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the production of prostaglandin E(2), an important chemical mediator in diarrhea induced by laxative administration, a prostaglandin E-main urinary metabolite (7alpha-hydroxy-5,11-diketotetranor-prosta-1,16-dioic acid, PGE-MUM) was measured in healthy volunteers and compared with the values of patients with ulcerative colitis. METHODS: PGE-MUM was determined by a simplified immunoassay of bicyclic PGE-MUM and analyzed for the influence of laxative administration and active/remission phases of ulcerative colitis. RESULTS: Administration of laxatives induced a significant increase in PGE-MUM in healthy volunteers. A significant elevation was also found in the active as compared with the remission phase of ulcerative colitis. The PGE-MUM levels were significantly correlated with our modified Talstad scores, clinical disease activity indices in ulcerative colitis. It was confirmed by time course studies of individual patients that changes in PGE-MUM correlated well with colitis activity. CONCLUSION: Laxative administration induces production of prostaglandin E(2) as one of the chemical mediators, although its production grade is relatively low as compared with ulcerative colitis in the active phase.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Nasal foreign bodies in 299 cases].

Although nasal foreign bodies very commonplace in daily clinical practice, their simplicity in pathology and diagnosis is so unique that case reports based upon a large number have been rather scarce. We report 299 verified cases of nasal foreign bodies seen during the past 13 years from January 1986 to December 1998, at our institute, together with clinical and statistical analysis. The total number of first visits during the surveyed period was 55,312 and nasal foreign bodies comprised 0.54%. Of these 217 subjects (72.6%) appeared in emergencies. Man comprised 172 (58%) and woman 127 (42%), with the right side comprising 166 cases (57%), the left side 123 (42%) and bilateral 3 cases (1%). In monthly distribution, cases are more often seen in November and December and less often seen in January, with the monthly average being 25. In age distribution, the majority were seen in those under 10 years old, excluding 6 cases. The average age was 4.0 and the range 1 month to 81 years. In the majority of cases, foreign bodies remained only a short time (with in 24 hour) but in 15 cases stayed rather a long time (over 24 hour). In specificity, the majority of foreign bodies were toys, with plastic bullets used with air guns most frequent, in 46 cases (15.3%), followed by beads in 36 cases (12.0%). Other foreign bodies seen comparatively often were pieces of tissue paper, buttons, and plastic toys components.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Nose bleeds and nitric oxide in the nose].

Most of the nitric oxide (NO) in expiratory air is produced by the nose and its accessory sinuses, and nasal allergies related to NO have been often reported. In the present study, we postulated that nose bleeds may be somehow related to reactive oxygen species. The expression of NO synthase (NOS) by the nasal mucosa was evaluated using the RT-PCR method, and the concentration of NO in air expired through the nose was measured. The activity of superoxide dismutase, which scavenges superoxide anions, was also evaluated. The genetic expression of iNOS was observed in the nasal mucosa, and a significantly lower level of expression was noted in subjects with a nosebleed, compared to that of the controls. This result was interpreted as indicating a decrease in NO levels as a result of the nosebleed, leading to an elevation in blood pressure. Transient elevations in blood pressure caused by oxidative stress may lead to the rupture of nasal vessels if hypertension preexists. Serum levels of superoxide dismutase increased significantly in subjects with nose bleeds. This finding might be related to the activity of the superoxide anion, which is released in large amounts during nose bleeds. Serum superoxide dismutase levels increase in response to the high concentration of superoxide anions. The concentration of NO in air expired through the nose was significantly lower in subjects with nose bleeds, compared to that of the control subjects. We suggest that NO production decreases in subjects experiencing nose bleeds and that this reduction is induced by preexisting hypertension and injury from reactive oxygen species, contributing to the resulting nose bleed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[A study on the mechanism of enhanced diuresis following direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized fiber].

In the present study, we applied direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized fiber(PMX-DHP) to patients who developed endotoxin shock after laparotomy, and examined the influence of PMX-DHP on the kidney function. Seven patients were enrolled in this study, whose conditions were matched to the following criteria: 1) endotoxin shock was highly suspected, 2) blood pressure became stable before PMX-DHP was indicated, 3) renal function(demonstrated with creatinine clearance(CCr) and fractional excretion of sodium (FENa)) was proven before the surgery. All patients underwent emergency surgery in Fuji City General Hospital because of perforative peritonitis. A 2-hour session of PMX-DHP was performed on the day of the laparotomy and the second 2-hour treatment was performed the following day. Urine was collected at 2 hours before starting PMX, during the treatment, and 2 hours after PMX-DHP, and urine volume(U-Vol), sodium and creatinine levels of urine were monitored. Sodium and creatinine levels in the serum were measured at the start and end of the PMX-DHP session. Average atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) was obtained using a total of 8 samples from the 14 treatment sessions. Parameters of hemodynamics such as pulmonary capillary wedge pressure(PCWP) were monitored at the start and end of PMX-DHP session. Urine volume increased significantly during and after PMX-DHP. The change in urine volume correlated significantly with the change in CCr during PMX-DHP, and with the change in FENa after PMX-DHP. The change in FENa was significantly correlated with the changes in hemodynamic factors such as PCWP and with the change in serum ANP, but no significant correlation was observed between the change of CCr and the other parameters. In conclusion, the early increase in urine volume with PMX-DHP treatment might be attributable to the increase in glomerular filtration independently of systemic hemodynamic factors.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Relationship between the antidiarrhoeal effects of Hange-Shashin-To and its active components.

This study was designed to examine the relationship between the antidiarrhoeal effects of Hange-Shashin-To (TJ-14) and its active components. Oral treatment with TJ-14 at 1000 mg/kg significantly inhibited castor oil-induced diarrhoea. Both the 50% methanol eluate fraction (fraction III) and the methanol eluate fraction (fraction IV) showed antidiarrhoeal effects at oral doses of 68 mg/kg and 63 mg/kg, respectively, corresponding to 1000 mg/kg of TJ-14. TJ-14 (1000 mg/kg, p.o.) showed a significant increase in blood corticosterone levels. Increased blood corticosterone was noted after the oral administration of 63 mg/kg of fraction IV. The inhibitory activity of TJ-14 on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was also observed in fractions III and IV. The main component of fraction III was Scutellariae Radix-derived baicalin. Fraction IV contained Glycyrrhizae Radix-derived glycyrrhizin and isoliquiritin, Coptidis Rhizoma-derived berberine, coptisine and palmitine. Ginseng Radix-derived saponins were also present in fraction IV. These compounds inhibited castor-oil induced diarrhoea at oral doses of 10 or 30 mg/kg. Thus, the present results indicate that Scutellariae Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Ginseng radix and Coptidis Rhizoma-derived components are involved in the antidiarrhoeal action of TJ-14.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Effect of Saiboku-to, an Oriental Herbal Medicine, on gastric lesion induced by restraint water-immersion stress or by ethanol treatment.

The effect of saiboku-to on gastric lesions induced by restraint water-immersion stress and ethanol has been examined in rats. Thirty minutes after oral administration of saiboku-to, the rats were placed in restraint cages and immersed in water at 23 degrees C for 7 h, or orally administered 99.5% ethanol (1 mL) and placed in normal cages for 1 h. The stress for 7 h or the ethanol treatment for 1h induced erosion in the glandular area of the stomach. Histology showed that the surface epithelial cells were desquamated and part of the lamina propria mucosae was injured. The evaluation of lesion index, the cumulative length of the gastric lesion, on the gross appearance of the stomach, revealed that saiboku-to dose-dependently inhibited both the water-immersion stress-induced gastric erosion and ethanol-induced gastric erosion. To determine whether the anti-erosion effect of saiboku-to was because of a mild irritant effect, saiboku-to or 20% ethanol, which is known as a typical mild irritant, were given orally. After 30 min a strong irritant, 99.5% ethanol, was given orally. Histological examination was performed 30 min after administration of saiboku-to or the mild irritant, and 1 h after administration of the strong irritant. The mild irritant induced a reduction in surface epithelial cells 30 min after administration. Furthermore, the mild irritant protected the stomach against mucosal erosion produced by the strong irritant. Saiboku-to protected the strong irritant-induced erosion without producing mild irritation as observed in stomach treated with 20% ethanol. Pretreatment with saiboku-to also inhibited the decrease in the levels of hexosamine, gastric mucus glycoprotein, induced by the strong irritant. In pylorus-ligated rats, saiboku-to dose-dependently inhibited gastric acid secretion, a gastric aggressive factor. These results suggest that the anti-erosion effect of saiboku-to which is not a mild irritant, involves both inhibition of aggressive factors, such as gastric acid secretion, and augmentation of defensive factors, such as gastric mucus cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Effects of Keishi-ka-shakuyaku-to (Gui-Zhi-Jia-Shao-Yao-Tang) on diarrhea and small intestinal movement.

The present study was conducted to determine the characteristics of the effects of Keishi-ka-shakuyaku-to (Gui-Zhi-Jia-Shao-Yao-Tang; TJ-60) on diarrhea. Significant repression was noted by TJ-60 at 1000 mg/kg, p.o. for diarrhea induced by pilocarpine, barium chloride or castor oil. Under normal conditions, TJ-60 did not influence small intestinal transit by its oral treatment even at 1000 mg/kg, however, it dose-dependently improved the acceleration of such transit caused by neostigmine. TJ-60 did not influence the resting tonus in isolated small intestine, but did selectively inhibit low frequency electrostimulated contractions. These results indicate that the antidiarrheal effects of TJ-60 may be due to the inhibition of excessively accelerated small intestinal movement, and that the inhibition of acetylcholine release by parasympathetic nerves is partly involved in the mechanism of this antidiarrheal action.

Animals↗