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Biomedical subjects

Y Kasuga

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kasuga.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Solitary brain metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinoma in a patient with depression: report of a case.

Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid is a common thyroid malignancy with a relatively good prognosis. However, distant metastases may develop and become threatening, particularly to older patients, in a more aggressive manner. We report herein the clinical, radiological, and pathological findings of a patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma who had a solitary cerebral metastasis. The patient had been suffering from depression and had already undergone a hemithyroidectomy for primary thyroid carcinoma, and was known to have metastatic thyroid carcinoma of the lungs and bone. After the removal of the remnant thyroid gland prior to radioiodine (131I) therapy, he developed additional problems related to depression. Electroencephalography played an important role in identifying suspected brain metastasis and computed tomography demonstrated a space-occupying lesion in the left cerebral hemisphere. Consequently, an early removal of intracranial mass could be performed without any further life-threatening complications. Moreover, after removal of the brain mass the patient's depression improved immediately without the use of any antidepressants. This case report indicates the possibility that a patient's depression might be associated with brain metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinoma, and also suggests that an early diagnosis with the appropriate surgical management of a brain metastasis followed by radioiodine therapy could be valuable for achieving a prolonged disease-free period.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed2000

Optical coherence tomograghy to confirm early closure of macular holes.

PURPOSE: To report that optical coherence tomography as early as 24 hours after macular hole surgery shows anatomic configuration of the closed macular holes. METHOD: In a prospective study, seven eyes of seven consecutive patients with stage 3 or 4 idiopathic macular hole underwent surgery. Optical coherence tomography was performed preoperatively and at 24, 48, and 72 hours after the surgery. RESULTS: Optical coherence tomography images could be obtained on four out of the seven eyes at 24 hours after surgery. These images showed anatomic configuration of the closed macular holes. Surgical success was confirmed in all of the eyes when the gas was completely absorbed. CONCLUSION: Optical coherence tomography revealed anatomic configuration of surgically closed macular holes within 24 hours after successful surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

A new assay for thyroglobulin concentration in serum using monoclonal antibodies against synthetic peptides.

The concentration of thyroglobulin (Tg) measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is greatly affected by the presence of anti-Tg autoantibodies in sera. We developed a new assay for detecting Tg in the presence of high concentrations of anti-Tg autoantibodies. A 48-kDa fragment was purified from Tg after treatment with V8 protease. This fragment did not appear to bind to two types of monoclonal antibodies (57Ab and 28D3) against a peptide in the C-terminus (amino acids 2735-2748) of Tg and intact Tg, respectively, by ELISA and Western blot analysis. In contrast, anti-Tg autoantibody or anti-Tg polyclonal antibody reacted well with this fragment. Our new ELISA used 57Ab as a solid phase antibody and 28D3 as a antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Buffer containing purified 48-kDa fragment was used to neutralize autoantibodies against Tg. With this assay, the recovery of Tg was 84.0-89.6% in normal healthy donors (n=5) in the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) purified from sera positive for anti-Tg autoantibody, and 76.2-104.4% in patient sera Grave's disease (n=15). Furthermore, the Tg concentrations in sera from patients with Grave's disease (n=20) ranged from 25 to 526 ng/ml, even though the Tg concentration, as measured by a commercial RIA did not exceed 55 ng/ml. There was good agreement between Tg concentrations measured by new Tg-ELISA and commercial Tg-RIA in sera that were negative for anti-Tg autoantibody. Overall, our new ELISA containing a Tg fragment to neutralize the presence of autoantibodies, showed good sensitivity and precision, and may be useful for routine use. Further investigations with the new assay should allow wider assessment of the prevalence and pattern of thyroid autoimmunity or thyroid neoplasms.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Clinical recurrence of papillary thyroid cancer in the remnant lobe.

OBJECTIVE: To find out which factors predict recurrence of cancer in the remnant after unilateral thyroid lobectomy for patients with papillary cancer. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Teaching hospital, Japan. SUBJECTS: One hundred thirty-three patients with a clinically solitary papillary thyroid cancer who had unilateral lobectomy for the primary disease between 1966 and 1990 and were followed up for more than 60 months. Twelve patients had developed recurrences in the remnant gland by the time of the second operation and 121 patients had not as judged by a second operation, an ultrasound examination, or by palpation. RESULT: The primary tumour size in those who developed recurrences was significantly larger than in those who did not (p < 0.0001), and clinical signs of regional lymph node involvement or distant metastases were also significantly more common (p = 0.006). No patient died of their cancer. CONCLUSION: Size of the primary tumour is an important prognostic factor for recurrence of solitary papillary thyroid cancer in the remnant after unilateral lobectomy. Such recurrences are unlikely to be lethal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Multiple branchial cleft-like cysts in a female patient with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

We report a case of branchial cleft-like cysts (intrathyroidal lymphoepithelial cysts) associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Palpation did not detect any nodules. Multiple cystic lesions were detected in the lateral side of the thyroid bilateral lobes by imagings of an I-123 scintigram, Tl-201 scintigram, sonography, and computerized tomography. Sonography displayed multiple cysts with strong echogenic spots in the cystic fluid. Repeated fine needle aspiration biopsies of the cysts consistently revealed only normal lymphocytes. Although these lesions could not be given diagnosis, subtotal thyroidectomy leaving the intact isthmus was performed. Microscopic findings revealed multiple branchial cleft-like cysts lined by flattened epithelial cells. Surrounding the epithelial lining were dense lymphoid follicles with large, reactive germinal centers. The remaining thyroid parenchyma showed Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Multiple branchial cleft-like cysts should be considered when sonographic examination reveals multiple cysts in the lateral side of the bilateral lobes, and fine needle aspiration biopsy displays only normal lymphocytes. To our knowledge, this is the first case of branchial cleft-like cysts associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis reported in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[A case of far advanced breast cancer with distant metastases which had mostly disappeared after chemoendocrine therapy].

We report a case of far advanced breast cancer showing an excellent response to chemo-endocrine therapy. A 40-year-old female with a huge ulcerated tumor on her left anterior chest visited our hospital. Distant metastases were found in the lymph nodes, liver and bone. Therefore, endocrine therapy (toremifene and medroxyprogesterone acetate) and chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, Therarubicin and 5-fluorouracil) were started as a combination treatment. As a result, the main tumor and metastatic lesion were remarkably reduced, and extended mastectomy with resection of right axillary lymph nodes was performed. Histologically, cancer cells in the primary lesion mostly disappeared, and only one lymph node in the left axillary lesion showed metastasis. No recurrence was found for 16 months after the surgical treatment. The combined therapy in the present case was extremely effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Tumor Marker Levels Elevate False-Positively in Postsurgical Breast Cancer Patients with High sGPT Levels or with Receiving Oral 5-FU or Its Derivatives.

BACKGROUND: False elevation of tumor marker levels (TM) has been encountered in some postsurgical breast cancer patients. METHODS: We investigated 33 postsurgical breast cancer patients whose TM (CEA, CA15-3, NCC-ST-439, or BCA225) measured every 3 months, showed elevation 3 times in a row in a 6-month period, and in whom metastases were not detected at theend of the 6-month period. Nine patients developed recurrence within 36 months of the end of the 6-month period and 24 patients did not develop recurrence for more than 36 months after the end of the 6-month period. RESULTS: Seven patients who stopped treatment with oral 5-FU or its derivatives because of severe nausea and appetite loss did not develop recurrence. Normalization of TM (CEA, NCC-ST-439, or BCA225) manifested within 3 months of the interruption of the medication. Six patients who showed simultaneous increase in serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (sGPT) and TM (CEA or BCA225) in the initial 6months did not develop recurrence. Three of 6 patients did not take any anti-cancer drugs. Correlation coefficiencies of sGPT with CEA in 4 patients were 0.467, 0.569, 0.738, and 0.910 and those of sGPT with BCA225 in 3 patients were 0.663, 0.826, and 0.840. CONCLUSION: A false-positive increase in CEA, NCC-ST-439 or BCA225 might be caused by treatment with oral 5-FU or its derivatives. CEA or BCA225 elevates false-positively in patients with high sGPT levels.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

The detection of a unique antigen associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma.

We produced antibodies against a thyroid papillary carcinoma homogenate (PCAb) and analyzed antigens recognized by this antibody using western blotting. Fifty-four thyroid tissue specimens and 6 control tissue specimens obtained from non-thyroid carcinoma (gastric tissue, colon and liver) were analyzed. Consequently, an antigen of 40 kDa in size was found in 16 of 16 (100%) of papillary thyroid carcinoma from primary lesions and in 2 of 2 (100%) papillary thyroid carcinoma from metastatic foci, whereas it was not detected in thyroid tissue samples from follicular carcinoma, anaplastic carcinoma, follicular adenoma, adenomatous goiter, Graves' disease and normal thyroid tissues. The reactivity of thyroglobulin antiserum (TgAb) to this 40 kDa antigen was tested by western blotting and showed that TgAb did not appear to recognize the 40 kDa antigen. Moreover PCAb, after treatment with Tg, still reacted with this 40 kDa antigen. Therefore, this 40 kDa antigen might be different from Tg. Furthermore, to inspect the structure of this antigen, the effect of some chemicals and enzymes such as 2-mercaptoethanol, sodium dodecyl sulfate, ethanol and protease on the reactivity of PCAb to the 40 kDa antigen were analyzed. The results of these experiments suggested that this 40 kDa antigen may have a peptide structure. To our knowledge, the finding reported here represents the first demonstration of the protein specifically present in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Further investigations should elucidate the characteristics of this antigen and may contribute to definitive diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma as well as improving the understanding of the mechanisms involved in developing the thyroid carcinoma.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1999

[Transition of branched-chain amino acids and tyrosine ratio (BTR) in the blood of acute hepatitis patients].

The molar ratio of branched-chain amino acids to tyrosine (BTR) correlates well with the Fischer ratio, and can be measured in a short period of time. It is regarded as the method of analysis that will eventually replace the Fischer ratio. But clinical significance of BTR in terms of acute liver disorders has not been examined thoroughly as of yet. In this study, we measured BTR of 34 patients with acute hepatitis, and examined the transition of the acute period of acute hepatitis and its recovery process. Thirty-four patients diagnosed with acute viral hepatitis became subjects of examination (16 patients of A type, 15 patients of B type, 1 patient of C type, 2 patients of non-A, non-B, non-C type). Out of the 34 patients, 11 were in serious stages (HPT under 40%), including 3 in fulminant condition. By using preserved serum obtained during the acute period (within 1 week of the highest transaminase value), recovery period (within 4 weeks), and treatment period (3 months and later), measurements were conducted with Diacolor:BTR (enzymatic analysis, ONO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), and the results were compared with those of 50 healthy subjects (25 men, 25 women). BTR correlated well with the Fischer ratio for chronic hepatic patients, and with albumin (Alb), PT, and ICGR15 as well, proving that it is useful as an indicator of hepatic reserve ability. But BTR has not been thoroughly examined as it relates to acute liver disorders. In this study, BTR fell in the acute period, correlating with the serious period, proving that it is a useful indicator. For acute liver damage, BTR supports conventional indicators (Alb, Ch-E, HGF, etc.) for assessing serious damage. Also, it has been suggested that measuring the passage of BTR could be the indicator of true recovery, including amino acid metabolism for liver disorders.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

The relationship between multiple intrathyroidal involvement in papillary thyroid carcinoma and chronic non-specific thyroiditis.

The relationship between multiple intrathyroidal involvement (MII) and chronic non-specific thyroiditis (CT) was investigated in 69 papillary thyroid carcinoma patients who received a subtotal or total thyroidectomy. The overall incidence of MII in patients with CT and the incidence of MII in the affected lobe of the patients with CT were significantly higher than that without CT (P = 0.0012 and 0.0425, respectively). Because Hashimoto's thyroiditis is believed not to carry the increased risk of associated thyroid malignancy, the high incidence of MII in the affected lobe in the case with CT is postulated to be caused by intraglandular metastases.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Changes in thyroid function and immunological parameters long after subtotal thyroidectomy for Graves' disease.

OBJECTIVE: To find out whether subtotal thyroidectomy results in long term stable functional and immunological remission in patients with Graves' disease. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Teaching hospital, Japan. SUBJECTS: 176 patients who underwent subtotal thyroidectomy for Graves' disease, 1970-79. INTERVENTION: Follow up surveys in 1984 and 1992. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in thyroid function, antibody titres, and lymphocyte subsets. RESULTS: 29/79 patients (39%) who were euthyroid in 1984 had evidence of thyroid dysfunction in 1992. Of the 8 patients with latent hypothyroidism in 1984, 3 (38%) had become euthyroid by 1992, and none required treatment. Of the 29 patients who were hypothyroid in 1984, 5 had latent hypothyroidism and 1 was euthyroid in 1992, and of the 18 patients with recurrent hyperthyroidism in 1984, 1 had become euthyroid by 1992. The number of positive titres to TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin was significantly higher in the recurrence group (31/36, 86%) compared with the hypothyroid (7/26, 27%), latent hypothyroidism (8/37, 22%), and euthyroid (22/77, 29%) groups (p < 0.01). There were also significant differences in the mean (SD) number of Leu HLA DR subsets between the control (17 (3), n = 18) and recurrence (21 (6), n = 38), hypothyroid (22 (6), n = 35), latent hypothyroidism (22 (6), n = 22), and euthyroid (22 (9), n = 64) groups (p < 0.002). There were no differences in the number of T cell subsets among the groups. CONCLUSION: Treatment of Graves' disease by subtotal thyroidectomy does not necessarily result in stable late functional or immunological remission. Long term follow up of such patients may be necessary.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1998

Effectiveness of preoperative radioactive iodine (131I) therapy for locally advanced papillary thyroid cancer: a case report.

We report here the effectiveness of preoperative radioactive iodine-131 (131I) therapy for locally advanced thyroid cancer. A 57-year-old woman demonstrated a hard neck tumor that markedly invaded the surrounding organs. The cytological diagnosis of the tumor using fine-needle aspiration biopsy was papillary carcinoma. Because curative resection of the tumor appeared difficult at her first visit, 131I therapy was performed prior to surgery and was more useful than expected. After 3 131I treatments, the tumor size was greatly reduced, and the patient underwent a curative operation. Histopathological diagnosis was well differentiated papillary carcinoma, pT4 and pN1b. The postoperative clinical course was uneventful. There have been no definitive reports using 131I as preoperative treatment for inoperable thyroid cancer. We suggest that 131I therapy may also be beneficial as neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced thyroid carcinoma.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1998

Expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 and fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 in thyroid diseases: difference between neoplasms and hyperplastic lesions.

We studied the expression of both fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and FGF receptor-1 (FGFR-1) in various histological types of human thyroid neoplastic and hyperplastic tissues to clarify the biological behavior of FGF-2. A total of 37 malignant tumors (24 papillary carcinomas, 10 follicular carcinomas, 3 anaplastic carcinomas), 8 follicular adenomas, and 12 adenomatous goiters were examined by immunohistochemical methods. With immunohistochemical staining, both FGF-2 and FGFR-1 were frequently detected in human thyroid carcinoma (79.2 to 100% and 80 to 100%, respectively). In thyroid hyperplastic lesions such as adenomatous goiter, the FGF-2 immunoreactivity in follicular cells was detected in 2 of 12 adenomatous goiters (16.7%). In contrast, FGFR-1 immunoreactivity was detected in 66.7% of cases of this disease. The endothelial cells of microvessels in the stroma adjacent to the neoplasms and hyperplastic lesions also showed cytoplasmic FGF-2 immunoreactivity. The difference between FGF-2 and FGFR-1 expression in adenomatous goiters was statistically significant (P<0.05). Furthermore, the difference in FGF-2 immunoreactivity between carcinoma and adenomatous goiter was statistically significant (P=0.0001). The present investigation demonstrated the possibility of an autocrine mechanism of action of FGF-2 in human thyroid carcinoma. Moreover, in thyroid hyperplastic lesions, FGF-2 derived from the stroma might be involved in the formation of nodular and/or diffuse goiters.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed1998

Prolongation of PT and APTT under excessive anticoagulant in plasma from rats and dogs.

Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were studied under excessive sodium citrate using the plasma from rats and beagle dogs. Addition of sodium citrate into the plasma caused a prolongation of PT and APTT. The prolongation was dependent on the concentration of sodium citrate or calculated hematocrit. The degree of prolongation was more severe in rats than in dogs, and in APTT than in PT. These results suggest that an artificial prolongation of PT and APTT occurs under excessive sodium citrate (e.g., elevated hematocrit), and that the degree differs between species and between parameters.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

A method to differentiate between thyroglobulin derived from normal thyroid tissue and from thyroid carcinoma based on analysis of reactivity to lectins.

OBJECTIVE: The composition of sugar chains on thyroglobulin (Tg) produced in thyroid carcinoma cells (C-Tg) is different from Tg produced in normal thyroid tissues (N-Tg). In this study, we designed a new method for detecting Tg derived from thyroid carcinoma based on the differences between C-Tg and N-Tg in the reactivity with lectins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thyroglobulin preparations obtained from various thyroid tissues were incubated with lectins, and the amount of lectin-unbound Tg (ub-Tg) in the supernatant relative to Tg untreated with lectin was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and expressed as ub-Tg(%). In addition, to study further the differences in glycosylation between C-Tg and N-Tg, concanavalin A binding to Tg digested with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease was analyzed on nitrocellulose membrane after Western blotting. RESULTS: The ub-Tg(%) in C-Tg from papillary carcinoma was significantly higher than in Tg from Graves' disease, benign goiter, and normal thyroid tissue for both concanavalin A and ricinus communis agglutinin-120. Concanavalin A did not appear to bind to Tg from papillary carcinoma after V8 treatment by Western blot analysis. The ub-Tg(%) in Tg from follicular adenoma was significantly higher than C-Tg from follicular carcinoma, whereas there were no differences in ub-Tg(%) between follicular carcinoma and normal thyroid tissue in concanavalin A treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest our new methods can distinguish both between C-Tg from papillary carcinoma and N-Tg, and between follicular carcinoma and follicular adenoma in thyroid tissue specimens. Thus, this type of analysis may be applicable to differentiate C-Tg from N-Tg in thyroid aspirates for the adjunctive cytodiagnosis of thyroid carcinoma.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1997

A Case of Occult Breast Cancer With Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy.

We encountered a very rarc case of occult breast cancer associated with paraneoplastic sensory polyneuropathy. A 59-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of numbness in all extremities, ataxia of left extremities and a tumor in the left axilla. From the neurological findings, a malignant tumor was suspected. The immunohistochemical analysis of the axillar swollen lymph node revealed metastasis from breast cancer and confirmed the primary lesion. On a preoperative diagnosis of suspected occult breast cancer, left mastectomy and resection of left axillar lymph nodes were performed. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining of sural nerves and Western blot analysis of the serum of this patient showed the loss of axons and the presence of antineural antibody in the seurm. Immunological response was considered to be the remote effector system between the breast cancer and sensory polyneuropathy in this disorder.

Journal Article↗