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Biomedical subjects

Y Kawabe

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kawabe.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Interferon-alpha and dexamethasone inhibit adhesion of T cells to endothelial cells and synovial cells.

We investigated whether interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and glucocorticoids affected the adhesion of T cells to human umbilical endothelial cells or human synovial cells. About 30% of peripheral blood T cells could bind to unstimulated endothelial cells, but only a few T cells could bind to unstimulated synovial cells. When both endothelial cells and synovial cells were cultured with recombinant IFN-gamma (rIFN-gamma), the percentage of T cell binding to both types of cells increased in a dose-dependent manner. rIFN-alpha and dexamethasone blocked the T cell binding to unstimulated endothelial cells. Furthermore, rIFN-alpha and dexamethasone suppressed T cell binding to both endothelial cells and synovial cells stimulated by IFN-gamma, and also inhibited intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression on both endothelial cells and synovial cells stimulated by IFN-gamma. These results suggest that IFN-alpha and glucocorticoids may inhibit T cell binding to endothelial cells or synovial cells by modulating adhesion molecule expression on these cells.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1992

Primary Sjögren's syndrome with antibodies to HTLV-I: clinical and laboratory features.

The prevalence of antibodies to human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) was studied in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Thirteen of 36 serum samples were positive by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and particle agglutination assay for antibodies to HTLV-I and were confirmed by western blotting. The presence of antibodies to HTLV-I may signify an HTLV-I carrier state. These patients had a high occurrence of extraglandular manifestations such as uveitis, myopathy, and recurrent high fever compared with patients who did not have antibodies to HTLV-I. Patients with antibodies to HTLV-I had an increased spontaneous proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared with those without the antibodies. The proportions of activated and memory T cells (HLA-DR+ CD3+, CD25+ CD3+, and CD29+ CD4+ cells) were higher in HTLV-I carriers than in non-carriers. The presence of antibodies to HTLV-I in some patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome suggests that HTLV-I may cause primary Sjögren's syndrome or its extraglandular manifestations, or both.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Persistent hemichorea associated with thyrotoxicosis.

We describe a case with unilateral chorea associated with thyrotoxicosis. A 23-year-old female with no family history of neurological diseases acutely developed choreic movements of the left extremities during gross thyrotoxicosis. CT scan and MRI study demonstrated no abnormality. Single-photon emission CT with technetium Tc 99m-labeled hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime revealed normal cerebral perfusion. Although the choreic movements were partially improved by dopamine antagonist, they persisted for two months until successful treatment of the thyrotoxicosis finally abolished these movements. Increased sensitivity of dopamine receptors may be responsible for persistent choreic movements in thyrotoxicosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Recent technical advances in portable oxygen delivery systems].

According to a Japanese national survey (June 30, 1990), the number of patients receiving home oxygen therapy (HOT) has been greater than 18,000 since March 1985, when HOT was first covered by health insurance. The oxygen concentrator, especially the molecular sieve type, is the most common method of delivery (more than 90%). In April 1988, the portable oxygen cylinder was acknowledged by health insurance, and the liquid oxygen supply system in April 1990. Three types of portable oxygen delivery systems are available; oxygen cyclinder, liquid oxygen system, and oxygen concentrator (membrane type), of which the oxygen cylinder is most commonly used. In our hospital, portable oxygen supply systems were used in 80% of 168 HOT cases in 1990, and the use of 400 L aluminum oxygen cylinders at a flow rate of 1-2 L/min has been most popular. There is an strong desire from patients for lighter portable oxygen supply system of longer duration. In 19 patients with chronic respiratory failure, we evaluated a newly designed demand oxygen delivery system (DODS), which weighs 2.4 kg including the DOD device (TER-20 Teijin), 1.1 L oxygen cylinder made of ultressor, nasal cannula, and carrier. Arterial blood gases at rest (room air) were PaO2 61.9 +/- 6.3 torr, PaCO2 63.8 +/- 9.4 torr and pH 7.40 +/- 0.04. A crossover trial was performed under three conditions; breathing room air with no weight, and pulse oxygen flow and continuous oxygen flow each carrying 2.4 kg of weight. Both 6 minute walking (E1) and walking on a slow speed treadmill (E2) were studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Female↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical characteristics and prognosis of secondary amyloidosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis--renal involvement and therapy].

Secondary amyloidosis is an important complication that may have a strong influence on the prognosis of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We studied 21 RA patients with secondary amyloidosis. The two major initial signs were gastrointestinal symptoms and renal involvement. When 15 of the 21 patients were diagnosed as having secondary amyloidosis, they displayed renal involvement including proteinuria, hematuria and hypercreatininemia. The 15 patients with amyloidosis were either subjected to dialysis or died within 35 months on the average. The causes of death in 13 patients were cardiac failure, gastrointestinal bleeding and infection, which were strongly implicated with renal failure. Dialysis was applied to seven patients. Three of them were maintained with chronic dialysis. We discussed the induction-time and the method of dialysis in patients with amyloidosis secondary to RA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Application of laser in the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax and emphysema].

From August 1990 to August 1991, sixteen patients with bullae or blebs (pneumothorax 9, giant bullae 5, bullous emphysema 2) were treated by CO2 laser ablation under limited thoracotomy. We found the irradiation of bullae or blebs by CO2 laser quite effective in eliminating these bullous lesions which were often multiple and inoperable by conventional methods. Histological examination revealed the wall of bullae where CO2 laser was applied became thick with dense fibrous tissues and degenerated collagen fibers which, however, were not disrupted. The procedure was safe and we were able to operate patients with disabling emphysema. Because CO2 laser can penetrate only 0.2-0.3 mm of tissue thickness, it is suitable for the ablation of bullous lesions which have thin walls and rapidly shrink and collapse by irradiation leaving thick walled scar tissues. Removing multiple bullae and blebs in patients with bullous emphysema can improve gas exchange by reducing dead spaces and elevating the diaphragm which is often flat and downward displaced because of hyperinflation in these patients. We are planning to incorporate thoracoscopy for this operation to make the procedure less invasive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Programmed cell death and extrathymic reduction of Vbeta8+ CD4+ T cells in mice tolerant to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B.

Clonal deletion and functional inactivation of self-reactive cells have been invoked as mechanisms underlying intrathymic development of T-cell tolerance. The relative importance of these mechanisms in the development of tolerance of more mature, peripheral T cells either to self or to exogenous antigens is unclear, although recent data relate the development of T-cell tolerance in the periphery to clonal anergy. We have now investigated the induction of extrathymic tolerance using BALB/c mice that were made tolerant to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B, a superantigen which specifically interacts in such mice with T cells bearing V beta 8 antigen receptors. Both euthymic and athymic mice made tolerant to S. aureus enterotoxin B had a markedly reduced number of V beta 8.1,2+ CD4+ peripheral T cells. This reduction was accompanied by genomic DNA fragmentation that is associated with cell death. These results indicate that a deletional mechanism can contribute to the induction of T-cell tolerance in peripheral lymphoid cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Acid-promoted epimerization of arbaprostil, 15(R)-15-methylprostaglandin E2, elicits gastric antisecretory activities in rats.

Gastric acid antisecretory activities of 15(R)-15-methylprostaglandin E2 (arbaprostil) preincubated or not preincubated with 0.9% physiological saline, the pH of which was precisely adjusted to less than 4.30, were examined in pylorus-ligated rats, and compared with those of 15(S)-15-methylprostaglandin E2 (15(S), epimer of arbaprostil). 15(S), unlike arbaprostil without preincubation, when s.c.-administered to rats significantly inhibited gastric acid secretion in a dose-dependent manner (30-300 micrograms/kg). However, arbaprostil preincubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min with 0.9% saline, at pHs of 4.30, 2.75 and 1.20, respectively, showed the following order of pH-dependent antisecretory activities: 1.20 greater than 2.75 greater than 4.30. An increase in 15(S) formation from arbaprostil in a pH-dependent manner was also observed by radioisotopic experiments under the same incubation conditions using [3H]-labeled arbaprostil. The present result suggests that the gastric antisecretory effect of arbaprostil can be mainly explained in terms of the formation of 15(S) after oral administration.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Endothelial cells stimulate proliferation of human thyroid epithelial cells.

The present study was undertaken to investigate cellular interactions between human thyroid epithelial cells (thyrocytes) and endothelial cells. Normal thyrocytes were cultured with either mitomycin C-treated endothelial cells or mitomycin C-treated human foreskin fibroblasts. The proliferative responses of thyrocytes were markedly stimulated by endothelial cells, but not by skin fibroblasts. The proliferative response of the thyrocytes obtained from patients with Graves' disease were similar to that of normal thyrocytes. Furthermore, the cell number of thyrocytes in endothelial cell-thyrocyte co-culture was markedly increased as compared with that in thyrocytes alone. The culture medium of endothelial cells only partly had any effect in the endothelial cell-thyrocyte co-culture experiment. Indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, did not increase the endothelial cells-induced thyrocyte proliferation. Furthermore, the increased proliferative response of thyrocytes stimulated by endothelial cells was not suppressed by heparin. These results suggest that endothelial cells increase thyrocyte proliferation, and that cell contact or extracellular matrix production by endothelial cells may play an important role in the proliferation of thyrocytes.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1991

Estimate of gastric acid output by evaluation of fasting gastric juice collected endoscopically.

Using an endoscope we collected fasting gastric juice for estimation of gastric acid in subjects examined by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Subjects were 53 in- and out-patients (46 males and 7 females) at our hospital. Seventy-five gastric secretory studies were performed in this population before and after stimulation by tetragastrin, following the guidelines of The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology and using a specially devised endoscope of narrow caliber under direct vision. Acid in fasting gastric juice was correlated with basal acid output (BAO) and with maximal acid output (MAO). There was a statistically significant correlation between them. Thus, an estimation of gastric acid secretion can be obtained from the fasting gastric juice which we usually aspirate and discard during the routine endoscopic examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Phenotypic characteristics of T cells interacted with synovial cells.

We demonstrated the phenotypic characteristics of T cells interacted with synovial fibroblast-like cells. A small percentage of peripheral blood T cells adhered to synovial fibroblast-like cells. When synovial cells were treated with interferon-gamma or interleukin-1 beta, the percentage of T cells that adhered to the treated cells markedly increased in comparison with the value for untreated synovial cells. The kinesis of T cell adherence to treated synovial cells differed from that of HLA-DR antigen expression on synovial cells. T cell adherence was not blocked by mouse monoclonal anti-HLA-DR and anti-HLA-ABC antibodies. The phenotypes of the adherent and nonadherent T cells were investigated with a flow cytometer. The CD29 + subset was more adhesive than the CD45RA + subset to IL-1 beta-stimulated synovial cells. The proportions of high density lymphocyte function associated antigen (LFA)-1 alpha and LFA-1 beta were greater in the adherent than in the nonadherent T cells, and the mean fluorescence intensities of LFA-1 alpha, LFA-1 beta and CD2 molecules on adherent T cells were significantly higher than those on nonadherent T cells. Our results support the concept that an interaction between infiltrating lymphocytes and synovial cells occurs in the synovium, resulting in the initiation and perpetuation of immune responses in synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical effects and toxicity of chemotherapy with cisplatin for head and neck cancer--the multi-institutional joint research in Tokai district].

We investigated the clinical effects and toxicity of chemotherapy with Cisplatin (CDDP) for head and neck cancer as the third joint research project of the Tokai Meeting for Head and Neck Tumors. The cases were examined at the cooperating institutions from September 1986 to March 1988. The subjects were 93 cases consisting of 66 patients (intravenous infusion: 47 cases; intraarterial infusion: 19 cases) of PP therapy (CDDP + PEP), 16 cases of PF therapy (CDDP + 5-FU) and 11 cases of PPV therapy (CDDP + PEP + VCR). The regimens of PP therapy were: CDDP 50-100 mg/body x 1 day, PEP 5 mg/body x 5 days (i.v.), and CDDP 10-20 mg/body x 5 days, PEP 5-10 mg/body x 5 days (i.a.). In the regimen of PF therapy, CDDP 80-100 mg/body x 1 day and 5-FU 750-1,000 mg/body x 5 days were administered. In the regimen of PPV therapy, CDDP 80-100 mg/body x 1 day, PEP 5 mg/body x 5 days and VCR 1 mg/body x 1 day were administered. As a rule, two courses of each of the regimens were performed. The total dose of CDDP in intraarterial infusion of PP therapy was significantly less than in intravenous infusion. The major results were as follows: 1) Total response rate was 57.0% on the average, and this was not significantly different among the regimens. 2) The response rate of intraarterial infusion of PP therapy was as high as that for intravenous infusion in spite of the lower CDDP dose. 3) The response rate of oral cavity was significantly higher than that of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. 4) In the squamous cell carcinoma, the response rate of the well differentiated type was significantly higher than that of the poorly differentiated type. 5) The leukocyte counts significantly decreased with the intravenous infusion of PP therapy, PF therapy and PPV therapy. 6) The platelet counts significantly decreased with PPV therapy. 7) There were no significant changes with time with Ccr and PaO2 of PP therapy. 8) The frequency of toxicities such as nausea and vomiting was high in the intravenous infusion of PP therapy, PF therapy and PPV therapy. However, the frequency of toxicity was low in the intraarterial infusion of PP therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Selective anergy of V beta 8+,CD4+ T cells in Staphylococcus enterotoxin B-primed mice.

The cellular basis of the in vitro and in vivo T cell responses to Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) has been investigated. The proliferation and cytotoxicity of V beta 8.1,2+,CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were observed in in vitro response to SEB. In primary cytotoxicity assays, CD4+ T cells from control spleens were more active than their CD8+ counterparts, however, in cells derived from SEB-primed mice, CD8+ T cells were dominant in SEB-specific cytotoxicity. In vivo priming with SEB abrogated the response of V beta 8.1,2+,CD4+ T cells despite the fact that these cells exist in significant number. This SEB-specific anergy occurred only in V beta 8.1,2+,CD4+ T cells but not in CD8+ T cells. These findings indicate that the requirement for the induction of antigen-specific anergy is different between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in post-thymic tolerance, and the existence of coanergic signals for the induction of T cell anergy is suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Quantitative determination of prostaglandin levels in human gastric mucosa--analysis by microcolumn high performance liquid chromatography with laser induced fluorescence detection.

This study was designed to analyze PGs in human gastric mucosa using biopsy specimens at femtomole level by the combination of microcolumn HPLC and He/Cd laser induced fluorescence detection. Biopsy specimens were taken along the greater curvature at the corpus of the stomach, in which no gastric disease was revealed by endoscopic examination. PGs extracted from human gastric mucosa were derivatized with ADAM, and ADAM-derivatized PGs were injected into the column for analysis. The mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (73:27) containing 0.01% of phosphoric acid was used at a constant pressure of 20 kgf/cm2. Using this system, PGs in few mg of human gastric mucosa obtained by biopsy were well separated and detected; i.e., 1653 +/- 254 (femtomole/mg tissue), 279 +/- 56, 729 +/- 153, 831 +/- 199 for 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha, PGE2, and PGD2, respectively. In conclusion, the microcolumn HPLC system with laser induced fluorescence detection is a reliable method for determining individual PGs in human gastric mucosa. In addition, PGI2 is the predominant PG in human gastric mucosa and probably plays an important role in gastric function.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1989

3-year study for the prevention of perinatal HBV infection under the standard method of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan.

We present the first report on a 3-year study for the prevention of HB virus infection under the standard method of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan. We observed 50 children for three years, and obtained the following results: 1) Many children (57%) born to HBeAg-positive mothers maintained HBs-antibody titers higher than 10, expressed by the cut-off index based on the RIA system; 2) No case became an HB virus carrier after one year; 3) Six children born to HBe-antibody positive mothers had HBs-antibody titers below 5. Children born to HBe-antigen positive mothers were mostly affected by the HB virus, so that their HBs-antibody titers were maintained at high levels. In contrast, HBs-antibody titers of children born to HBe-antibody positive mothers decreased, probably because of lack of exposure to the HB virus.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Photoallergic contact dermatitis due to mineral oil.

A 39-year-old metal polishing mechanic had had an acute-on-chronic eczematous eruption on sun-exposed skin for 2 years. It improved in winter. He had been using an insoluble oil, CRT 20, as a cutting oil for 20 years. The cutting oil itself and mineral oil, which was one of its ingredients, showed positive reactions on photopatch testing. The difference action spectrum with or without mineral oil application, assessed at 48 h, ranged from 300 to 350 nm, with a peak at 320 nm. This is the 1st report of photoallergic contact dermatitis due to mineral oil.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Interleukin-1 production and action in thyroid tissue.

This study was undertaken to determine the effects of interleukin-1 (IL-1) on human thyroid epithelial cells (thyrocytes) and whether thyrocytes produce IL-1. The supernatants of cultured peripheral blood monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased [3H]thymidine incorporation into thyrocytes from normal subjects and patients with Grave's disease. The IL-1 levels of cultured supernatants of monocytes were measured by a thymocyte costimulation assay and a solid phase sandwich immunoenzymometric assay. The supernatants of monocyte cultures stimulated with LPS contained significant amounts of IL-1 bioactivity and IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta immunoactivity. Recombinant IL-1 beta (rIL-1 beta) also stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into thyrocytes from normal subjects and patients with Graves' disease, and it increased the proportion of thyrocytes in the S phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, thyrocytes stimulated with rIL-1 beta for 24 h produced significant amounts of prostaglandin E2. Indomethacin inhibited completely the rIL-1 beta-stimulated prostaglandin E2 production and increased markedly [3H]thymidine incorporation. IL-1-like activity also was detected in the cultured supernatants of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated thyrocytes from Graves' and normal thyroid glands, but the amount of IL-1-like activity secreted by thyrocytes was significantly less than that secreted by circulating monocytes. The kinetics of the release of IL-1-like activity by thyrocytes were similar to those of its production by circulating monocytes. Pretreatment of thyrocytes with interferon-gamma failed to enhance the release of IL-1-like activity. Moreover, IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta immunoreactivity could not be detected in the supernatants of LPS-stimulated thyrocytes, despite the presence of IL-1-like bioactivity. No IL-1 alpha mRNA was detected in unstimulated thyrocytes or thyrocytes stimulated with LPS and phorbol myristate acid. These findings demonstrate that thyrocytes produce an IL-1-like substance(s), but not IL-1, when stimulated by LPS. We conclude that IL-1 may regulate the proliferation of thyrocytes and that local production of IL-1 by infiltrating monocytes may contribute to the development of goiter in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases.

Biological Availability↗