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Biomedical subjects

Y Kawarai

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kawarai.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

A case of infantile neuroblastoma with intramucosal metastasis in a paranasal sinus.

An 8-year-old boy with neuroblastoma of the right adrenal gland is reported. His initial treatment included chemotherapy and surgery, with complete response (CR) being achieved at the initial site. A metastatic lesion was found in the right maxillary sinus 32 months after his initial treatment. A mass in the right soft palate was detected and was clinically suspected of being a metastasis. The results of biopsy were negative and the differential diagnosis from the imaging studies of CT included odontogenic disease, fungal infection, paranasal sinus cyst or hematoma, and benign tumors. Open transantral biopsy was done under general anesthesia, revealing severe inflammation in the right maxillary sinus as well as bone erosion. The histopathological diagnosis was metastatic neuroblastoma from the adrenal lesion. The local field was irradiated with 20 Gy of linear accelerator (linac) radiation, then the local field was eradicated. Extensive skeletal metastases were subsequently found by bone scintigraphy. Despite further treatment his general condition deteriorated rapidly and he died 24 months after starting treatment. We review the previous reports and discuss metastasis to the sinuses.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed2000

Proliferation and differentiation of pituitary corticotrophs during the fetal and postnatal period: a quantitative immunocytochemical study.

To study the proliferation and differentiation of pituitary corticotrophs, we administered bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to pregnant rats at 15.5-21.5 days of gestation and to rat pups at 3, 7, and 28 days after birth. The pituitary sections of fetuses and pups were consecutively immunostained with anti-BrdU and anti-adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to detect proliferating cells and corticotrophs, respectively. The number of cells labeled with BrdU, ACTH, or both were counted. The diameters of their nuclei and the volume of the pituitary were measured. The BrdU-positive cells were around 76,000-96,000/mm3 during the period studied. The corticotrophs were first detected in the fetus at 15.5 days and they increased during the fetal and postnatal periods. The double-labeled cells were first detected in the 17.5-day fetus. They increased markedly at 19.5 days and comprised about one-quarter of the corticotrophs that increased in 24 h at this stage. These results indicate that: (1) at 15.5-18.5 days the corticotrophs were derived almost exclusively from undifferentiated cells; (2) during the later fetal and early postnatal periods, the proliferation of existing corticotrophs contributed, at least in part, to their increase; (3) about 1/20 of proliferating cells differentiated to corticotrophs when their increase was required.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1999

Prevalence and prediction of allergic rhinitis using questionnaire and nasal smear examination in schoolchildren.

Allergic rhinitis is a common condition among schoolchildren. However, little is known about the prevalence of nasal eosinophilia. We investigated the prevalence of rhinitis via questionnaire and nasal smears for eosinophils. The questionnaire was administered in 1992 and 1995. Complete responses were obtained from 1044 and 431 schoolchildren, respectively, of whom 26.5% and 22.5% claimed to have nasal symptoms. Nasal smears were taken in 1992, 1993 and 1994, and 415, 285 and 384 samples were collected, respectively. Positive eosinophilia were seen in 39.8%, 35.1% and 35.9% children in 1992, 1993 and 1994, respectively. In 1992, we utilized both questionnaire and nasal smears simultaneously to evaluate 415 schoolchildren. Of 415 schoolchildren, 72 (17.3%) had both nasal symptoms and nasal eosinophilia. Interestingly, those who showed positive eosinophilia in 1992, especially those who had eosinophilia with nasal symptoms, had significantly higher incidence of nasal symptoms three years later in 1995 than those who showed negative eosinophilia in 1992. These results suggest that nasal eosinophilia in schoolchildren are associated with subsequent nasal symptoms, and that nasal smear examination may be a potentially valuable test to predict prolonged or recurrent allergic rhinitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Volume quantification of healthy paranasal cavity by three-dimensional CT imaging.

The volume of the air cavities in the paranasal sinuses is, even at present, not only the simplest but also the most important index employed in the evaluation of the paranasal sinus. We have measured the size of the paranasal cavities in 20 healthy Japanese subjects by reconstructing three-dimensional (3-D) computed tomography (CT) images. To avoid any bias in determining the cavity margin, we first measured bilateral maxillary sinuses of a macaque both by silicone injection and by 3-D reconstruction. Then the CT value for 3-D reconstruction was determined by comparison with the volume measured by direct injection. Each sinus of the healthy volunteers was then measured by 3-D reconstruction imaging. Paranasal sinuses were, individually and on the whole, apparently larger than previously reported: 90.1 ml in males and 72.5 ml in females, on average. Comparing with other body size indices, the increment of the size was quite apparent and the lower prevalence of sinusitis was assumed to play a role in this increased volume of paranasal sinuses in the modern Japanese population.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Cross-reactivity to olive tree pollen and orchard grass pollen in patients with pollinosis.

We studied 92 patients with allergic rhinitis in Syodoshima, Japan, during the pollen season between April and June to evaluate the cross-reactivity to different antigens, including pollen from the olive tree (Olea europaea) and orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata). Olive tree pollen was present in the atmosphere for 23 days, from May 19 to June 12, 1994. Specific IgE antibodies for olive tree pollen antigen were present in 21 (26.9%) of the 78 patients with allergic rhinitis. Nine (24.3%) of the 37 patients with allergic rhinitis exhibited positive skin reactivity to an extract of olive tree pollen. Fifteen (88.2%) of the 17 patients who had IgE reactivity in their sera to olive tree pollen antigen demonstrated allergic reactions to an extract of olive tree pollen. Specific IgE antibodies for orchard grass pollen antigen were present in 43 (48.3%) of the 89 patients with allergic rhinitis and 20 (95.2%) of the 21 patients who had IgE reactivity in their sera to olive tree pollen antigen. The inhibition test using the CAP System revealed that the reactivity of the IgE antibody specific for olive tree pollen antigen was inhibited dose-dependently by an extract of orchard grass pollen. These findings show that there is a reaction in some patients with grass (Gramineae) pollinosis that might be induced by olive tree pollen.

Hemadsorption Inhibition Tests↗
PubMed1995

Proliferation of pituitary corticotrophs following adrenalectomy as revealed by immunohistochemistry combined with bromodeoxyuridine-labeling.

Proliferation of corticotrophs following adrenalectomy (ADX) was studied by a combination of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeling and immunohistochemistry. Rats were adrenalectomized, allowed to survive for 1, 3, 7, and 14 days and given 100 mg/kg body wt BrdU 3 h before sacrifice. BrdU and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were detected in the same sections of the anterior pituitary using double-labeling immunohistochemistry. BrdU-labeled cells in the pituitary showed a tendency to increase until 1 week after ADX and slightly decreased at 2 weeks. Corticotrophs were increased to about 1.5 times of the control level 1-2 weeks after ADX. The number of cells double-labeled with both BrdU and ACTH increased markedly after ADX, suggesting active mitosis of existing corticotrophs. On the other hand, the ratios of these double-stained cells to all BrdU-labeled cells and to all corticotrophs were 5-7% and 0.9-1.3%, respectively, even after ADX, suggesting that the majority of corticotrophs which were increased after ADX were recruited from some other type of immature cells. The extent to which the two mechanisms are involved in hyperplasia of corticotrophs after ADX remains to be elucidated.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1995

Ultrastructural study of proliferating cells with an improved immunocytochemical detection of DNA-incorporated bromodeoxyuridine.

We designed an improved method to observe proliferating cells with well-preserved ultrastructure. After IP injection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) into rats, the pituitaries were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde with 0.05% or 0.2% glutaraldehyde and post-fixed with ferrocyanide-reduced osmium. They were embedded in LR White and polymerized by heat. BrdU incorporated into DNA was detected with a commercial anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody (MAb) by the immunogold or the immunogold-silver staining method. Using these methods, proliferating cells labeled by BrdU were observed with well-preserved ultrastructure. By light microscopy, the number of labeled cells was almost the same regardless of the fixative used. By electron microscopy, localization of gold particles that indicate incorporated BrdU varied according to the cells and was mainly observed in two patterns, one in which gold particles were localized in condensed chromatin scattered in the nucleus and the other in which gold particles were dispersed evenly all over the nucleus. These results showed that with our improved method fine ultrastructure and good immunoreactivity of BrdU can be obtained in proliferating cells. We consider that this method is very useful for ultrastructural study of cell proliferation and differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A reliable method of embedding a small amount of dispersed cells for electron microscopy.

To embed a small amount of dispersed cells for electron microscopy, we used the supernatant of agarose solution which had been centrifuged beforehand. We also warmed the chamber of the centrifuge by placing a flexible ribbon heater at the bottom of the chamber to prevent the premature gelation of agarose. By these methods, as few as 10(6) dispersed cells can be reproducibly processed and embedded for electron microscopy.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1989

Immunohistochemical localizations of albumin and transferrin accumulated in Rhodamine fibrosarcoma tissue of rats for supporting growth of the tumor cells.

Our recent studies indicated that Rhodamine fibrosarcoma (RdF) tissue of rats accumulated large amounts of albumin and transferrin and that these proteins were essential for growth of RdF cells in primary cultures in serum-free medium. Therefore, the localizations of albumin and transferrin accumulated in RdF tissue were examined by immunohistochemical stainings. Both anti-rat albumin IgG and anti-rat transferrin IgG stained the cell surface of the tumor cells strongly, but the intracellular area only weakly.

Albumins↗
PubMed1975

Changes in LH-releasing hormone content of the hypothalamus and electron microscopy of the anterior pituitary after prostaglandin E2 injection in rats.

The purpose of this study is to present evidence that prostaglandin (PG) E2 stimulates a release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) from the hypothalmus. In experiment 1, 72 hours after estrogen and progesterone treatment, a solution of 700 mug of PGE2 was injected into the jugular vein. Blood samples for plasma LH and the hypothalamus for LH-RH assay were collected before and 5, 10, and 30 minutes after PGE2 injection and subjected to radioimmunoassay. The total LH-RH content of the hypothalamus decreased from 20.4 to 15.3 ng. at 5 minutes after PGE2 and had returned to the pretreatment level by 30 minutes after PGE2 administration. On the other hand, plasma LH levels increased at 5 minutes, reached a peak at 10 minutes, followed by a decline at 30 minutes after PGE2 injection. In Experiment 2, 10 and 30 minutes after a single injection of PGE2 or synthetic LH-RH, the anterior pituitary were excised for an electromicroscopic study. Ten minute after PGE2, an enlarged Golgi apparatus, well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, and decreased secretory granules were observed in pituitary gonadotropins as compared with the control group. These changes were more conspicuous in the pituitaries obtained 30 minutes after PGE2. In Experiment 3, plasma LH levels were determined serially before and 10, 30, 60, and 90 minutes after a single injection of PGE2, LH-RH, or saline. There is a striking resemblance between the PGE2- and LH-RH-treated groups. Plasma LH levels in both these groups reached a peak at 10 minutes and started to decline 30 minutes after PGE2 or LH-RH administration. Our findings would indicate that PGE2 stimulates LH-RH secretion from the hypothalamus.

Animals↗