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Biomedical subjects

Y Kino

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kino.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Regulation of splicing by MBNL and CELF family of RNA-binding protein.

Myotonic Dystrophy (DM), the most common form of adult-onset muscular dystrophy, comprises at least 2 subtypes, DM1 and DM2. DM1 is caused by the expansion of a CTG repeat located in the 3' untranslated region of the DM protein kinase (DMPK) gene. Recently, the expansion of a CCTG tetranucleotide repeat located in the first intron of the ZNF9 gene was identified as the mutation responsible for DM2. Since both DM1 and DM2 are caused by the expansion of repetitive sequences, some common factors that interact with these sequences might be involved in the pathogenesis of DM. MBNL1 is a candidate for such factors and is thought to be sequestered by the expanded forms of DM transcripts.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Coexpression of the CUG-binding protein reduces DM protein kinase expression in COS cells.

Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is the most common form of adult onset muscular dystrophy. Patients have a large CTG repeat expansion in the 3' untranslated region of the DMPK gene, which encodes DM protein kinase. RNA trans-dominant models, which hypothesize that the expanded CUG trinucleotide repeat on DMPK mRNA sequesters a factor or disrupts the RNA metabolism of the DMPK mRNA itself and other mRNAs in a trans dominant manner, have been proposed. A candidate for the sequestered factor, termed CUG-binding protein (CUG-BP), exists in several alternatively spliced isoforms. We found a human isoform with a twelve base insertion (deduced amino acids Leu-Tyr-Leu-Gln) and an isoform with a three base insertion (deduced amino acid Ala) insertion. In order to elucidate the effects of CUG-BP on DMPK expression, we introduced CUG-BP and DMPK cDNA transiently into COS-7 cells. Cotransfection of CUG-BP did not significantly affect the expression of either wild type or mutant DMPK at the mRNA level. On the other hand, cotransfection of CUG-BP significantly affected the expression of both the wild type and mutant DMPKs at the protein level. This reduction was remarkable when the mutant DMPK construct was used.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Tetragonal SmBa2Cu3O7-x [x = 0.74(4)].

Crystals of the title compound, samarium barium copper oxide, were prepared by a modified top-seeded solution-growth method. The crystals thus prepared showed no superconductivity down to 4.2 K. A careful examination showed that the structure closely resembles that of tetragonal YBCO, and there is no atom mixing at the Ba or other sites, within experimental accuracy. A bond-valence-sum calculation at the Ba site also indicated the absence of Sm. Each site is fully occupied by a single atom, except for the oxygen site in the basal plane of the CuO(6) octahedron. The occupancy of this oxygen site is significantly reduced [0.13 (2)], as is commonly observed in the 123 system. The atomic displacement parameters of the atoms in the CuO(2) plane, as well as of the Sm atom, are very small, indicating that two equivalent CuO(2) planes tightly sandwich the Sm atom.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

[Influenza live attenuated vaccine].

Inactivated influenza vaccine has been widely used; however, its effectiveness is not always perfect. To create a much better vaccine, live vaccines have been extensively investigated. Among several candidate live vaccines, cold-adapted(Ca) vaccine is the only promising candidate. According to clinical studies recently conducted in the U.S., Ca vaccine was proven to be highly effective against laboratory confirmed influenza, both in adults and children. Furthermore, Ca vaccines for the H5N1 pandemic strains were generated and their attenuation and efficacy were confirmed in experimental animals.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Multiporous cellulose microcarrier for the development of a hybrid artificial liver using isolated hepatocytes.

BACKGROUND: This study was aimed at developing an optimal method for immobilizing isolated hepatocytes in cellulose multiporous microcarriers (MCs) and evaluating the metabolic activity of MC-immobilized hepatocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hepatocytes isolated from the livers of male Wistar rats were immobilized in collagen-coated MCs by intermittent stirring (30 rpm for 2 min per 15 min) for 180 min or accumulation methods. The accumulation method was performed by pouring aliquots of hepatocyte suspension (8 x 10(5)) and MC suspension (1 mg) in turn onto a nylon mesh (pore size: 100 micron). The metabolic activity of MC-immobilized hepatocytes in floating culture and in a newly developed bioreactor was evaluated. The metabolic activity of MC-immobilized hepatocytes in the bioreactor was also evaluated in in vitro perfusion of a hollow-fiber-based hybrid artificial liver support system. RESULTS: The accumulation method immobilized 20 times more hepatocytes in collagen-coated MCs than the intermittent stirring method (P < 0.01). Morphological observation of hepatocyte-immobilized MCs revealed that many hepatocytes were immobilized deep within the MCs maintaining a spherical shape and normal microvilli on their surface. MC-immobilized hepatocytes in floating culture revealed similar NH3 metabolism and glucose synthesis to monolayer-cultured hepatocytes, and this metabolic activity was maintained during 9h of floating culture. MC-immobilized hepatocytes in a bioreactor also showed similar NH3 metabolism to monolayer-cultured hepatocytes. The NH3 metabolism of MC-immobilized hepatocytes in in vitro perfusion of a hybrid artificial liver support system was 241.5 microg/h/mg protein/m2 membrane surface. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that the accumulation method was optimal for immobilizing isolated rat hepatocytes in MCs and that MC-immobilized hepatocytes maintained their metabolic activity for a long period.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1997

[Recent progress in live influenza vaccine development].

As live influenza vaccine, cold-adapted influenza virus vaccines (ca vaccine) have been extensively investigated in both the U.S and Russia. In Russia it has been licensed since 1988 and it is going to be licensed in the U.S. within a year or two. In general, the ca vaccine is more effective in seronegative population than the inactivated vaccine. In seropositive adult population, both are equally effective. In the elderly, inactivated vaccine is better than the live vaccine. In Japan, clinical trials were also conducted with the American ca vaccines. Although the efficacy was confirmed in limited locations, the vaccine could not be evaluated from the point of license approval because big epidemic did not occur during the studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Gene analysis of reassortant influenza virus by RT-PCR followed by restriction enzyme digestion.

An amplification system for nearly full length cDNA coding the eight influenza virus segments of A type (H1N1, H2N2, H3N2) and B type influenza viruses is described. Each of the segments of PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M, and NS can be amplified using one 5' primer and one 3' primer for A-type influenza viruses. The RT-PCR amplification system was applied to define the gene composition of three subtype cold-recombinant, live attenuated influenza viruses. Each segment of the attenuated influenza virus could be identified as deriving from segments of the Ca donor or wild virus by comparing the representative restriction enzyme digestion patterns of the three PCR products obtained from the Ca donor, the cold-live attenuated influenza viruses and the wild virus. This RT-PCR method, using RT-PCR followed by digestion of PCR products with restriction enzymes, was very beneficial for analyzing the genome of reassortant influenza viruses.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Diagnosis of zoster and evaluation of varicella vaccine with a passive haemagglutination assay.

A passive haemagglutination (PHA) assay for the detection of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) antibody was prepared with purified viral glycoproteins. Serum samples from vaccinees with live attenuated varicella vaccine, and of zoster patients, were measured for antibody titres against VZV with PHA, complement fixation (CF) and immune adherence haemagglutination (IAHA) assays, and the results compared. Antibody development could be detected as early as 3 weeks after vaccination, by both PHA and IAHA tests, but not with the CF test. Significant rises in VZV antibody in zoster patients were detected by both PHA and CF tests several days after onset. No cross-reaction was observed using HSV PHA among the vaccinees and the zoster patients. The VZV PHA assay could be used as a monitor of vaccination and a tool for differential diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Passive hemagglutination assays for the detection of antibodies to herpes viruses.

A simple and effective method for the detection of antibodies to herpes simplex virus (HSV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV), has been established using the passive hemagglutination assay (PHA) in combination with viral specific glycoproteins. The results obtained with the PHA were compared with those from neutralization (NT) and complement fixation (CF) tests. The PHA test for each of the herpes viruses appears to compare favorably with the other assays tested. The specificity and sensitivity of HSV PHA to NT were 100%, whereas the specificity and sensitivity of HSV CF test to NT were 98% and 100%, respectively. For HCMV, the specificity and sensitivity of PHA to NT and PHA to CF were 100%. Similarly, the specificity and sensitivity of VZV PHA to NT were 100%. Because of the low sensitivity of the VZV CF, the sensitivity of CF to NT was 83%. Furthermore, the range of antibody titers and their absolute levels obtained in the PHAs were significantly greater than those in the NT and CF tests.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Native herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D vaccine: immunogenicity and protection in animal models.

Mice, guinea pigs, and rhesus monkeys were immunized with immunoaffinity-purified native glycoprotein D (gD) derived from herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1). The native glycoprotein has evoked significant in vivo responses even at low doses. Thus, mice immunized with doses as low as 1 microgram were significantly protected from the morbidity and mortality of lethal HSV2 challenge and from establishment of latent HSV2 infection. Protection was dose-related and correlated with prechallenge serum neutralizing antibody titres to HSV. Similarly, immunized guinea-pigs demonstrated significant reductions in the frequency, severity and duration of genital lesions induced by HSV2 vaginal challenge. In long term immunogenicity studies, immunized rhesus monkeys exhibited significant serum neutralizing antibody responses to both HSV1 and HSV2. In vitro stimulation of monkey peripheral blood leucocytes with purified gD resulted in a significant cellular proliferative response. The results obtained in these animal models with a gD subunit vaccine provide an appropriate foundation for the initiation of human studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Clinical manifestations of primary herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in a closed community.

The clinical features and the molecular epidemiology of primary herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection among children younger than 3 years of age were investigated in day-care nursery. Serial sera were assayed for anti-HSV-1 glycoprotein B antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serologic examinations revealed 55 cases of primary HSV infection during the observation period. Fifty-one of them (93%) had typical herpetic gingivostomatitis, showing a high rate of clinically overt infection. Four outbreaks of herpetic gingivostomatitis were observed during the observation period. Forty-one children were infected with HSV-1 in the outbreaks. The rates of infection in the susceptible children were 81%, 73%, 78%, and 100%, respectively, in the four outbreaks. Restriction endonuclease analysis of DNA of isolated HSV revealed that only one strain of HSV-1 had been transmitted among children for a long period.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Seroepidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 1 in Yanji, Jilin, China.

Sera from 158 individuals in Yanji, Jilin, China, were tested for antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) by the passive hemagglutination method. Age-specific incidence rates for antibodies to HSV-1 were calculated. For sera from persons in the age group 10 years or less, the positive rate was 54% but in the age group higher than 10 years, it was more than 91% (P less than 0.01). In the part of China surveyed, primary HSV-1 infection occurred in early generation before about age 10. In children, the positive rate in the Han race was significantly higher than that in the Korean race (P less than 0.05).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Immunogenicity of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein gB-1-related protein produced in yeast.

A protein related to glycoprotein B of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) produced in yeast (ygB-1) was purified with an immunoadsorbent. The molecular weight of the purified ygB-1 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 96,000. Mice injected twice with ygB-1 adsorbed to alum developed ELISA antibody to ygB-1, neutralizing antibody to HSV-1 and a lymphoproliferative response to ygB-1 and HSV-1. The immunized mice were protected against intraperitoneal and corneal challenge with HSV-1. Latent infection in the trigeminal ganglia after corneal challenge was also inhibited by immunization with ygB-1. Guinea-pigs pigs immunized with ygB-1 adsorbed to alum also developed ELISA antibody to to ygB-1 and neutralizing antibody to both types of HSV. After the second dose, strong lymphoproliferative responses were seen upon stimulation with HSV-2. Animals were protected against intravaginal challenge with HSV type 2.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Seroepidemiology of herpes simplex virus in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Sera from 487 individuals in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, were tested for antibodies to herpes simplex virus (HSV) by a passive hemagglutination method. Age-specific incidence rates for antibodies to HSV were calculated. For sera from persons other than prostitutes, in the age group from 10 to 19, the positive rate was 48% but in the age group higher than 20, it was more than 87%. Fifty of 59 pregnant women (85%) were positive. The positive rate and the distribution of antibody levels in prostitutes were higher than in the general population.

Adolescent↗