A double-walled hexagonal supermolecule assembled by guest binding.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
Y L Cho
Publications and source records attributed to Y L Cho.
Reperfusion pulmonary edema after pulmonary endarterectomy.
Pulmonary artery thromboendarterectomy is a potentially curative procedure in chronic, major vessel thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. However, persistent pulmonary hypertension and unrelenting reperfusion edema have serious complications, often requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. A 50-year-old man who was diagnosed with a thromboembolism in both pulmonary arteries underwent a bilateral pulmonary endarterectomy. He received O2-isoflurane-fentanyl anesthesia. When the lungs were reperfused with CPB weaning, massive hemorrhage occurred in the left lung. After the operation, the patient was taken to the intensive care unit. Mechanical ventilation was performed immediately and then both inhaled NO and i.v. furosemide therapies were administered. The patient was discharged from ICU 15 days postoperation.
Administration, Inhalation↗
Uremic pruritus: roles of parathyroid hormone and substance P.
BACKGROUND: Most patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis have pruritus, but its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is another common problem in these patients, but its role in uremic pruritus is controversial. Capsaicin can deplete substance P from the peripheral neurons and is known to be effective in the treatment of pain and itching. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and substance P in uremic pruritus and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: The study contained two phases. In phase I, we analyzed the correlation between the intensity of itching and serum levels of intact PTH. In phase II, patients with moderate to severe pruritus were placed into two groups: one with high PTH levels and one with low levels. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of capsaicin 0.025% cream was conducted in phase II. RESULTS: Serum levels of intact PTH did not correlate with the intensity of pruritus and did not significantly change during treatment with capsaicin or placebo. Capsaicin was significantly more effective in alleviating uremic pruritus than the placebo, and no serious side effects were noted. CONCLUSION: Uremic pruritus is not related to PTH. Substance P may act as a neurotransmitter in uremic pruritus and topical capsaicin can be used in the treatment of localized pruritus.
Calcium↗
Hemodialysis-related pruritus: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of capsaicin 0.025% cream.
Pruritus is a significant symptom among patients receiving hemodialysis. However, its underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Substance P, a neuropeptide, has been implicated in the mediation of pain and some itch sensations. Local application of capsaicin depletes the peripheral neurons of substance P and may block the conduction of pain or pruritus. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of capsaicin 0.025% cream in the treatment of hemodialysis-related pruritus and to further explore the underlying pathomechanism. Nineteen hemodialysis patients with idiopathic, moderate (n = 5) to severe (n = 14) pruritus were examined in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study and 17 of them completed the study. Topical agent of capsaicin or placebo base cream was applied to localized areas of pruritus 4 times a day. The severity of pruritus and treatment-related side effects (cutaneous burning/stinging sensations, dryness, or erythema) were evaluated weekly. The results showed (1) that 14 of 17 patients reported marked relief and 5 of these 14 patients had complete remission of pruritus during capsaicin treatment (Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, 2p < 0.001); (2) capsaicin was significantly more effective than placebo (Mann-Whitney rank sum test, 2p < 0.001) and a prolonged antipruritic effect was observed 8 weeks posttreatment; (3) no serious side effects were noted during the study and (4) there were no significant changes in serum concentrations of albumin, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, or intact parathyroid hormone during the treatment with either capsaicin or placebo. In summary, the present study indicates indirectly that idiopathic pruritus in some patients on maintenance hemodialysis may be transmitted by substance P from the peripheral sensory neurons to the central nervous system. Topical capsaicin with the unique pharmacological effect is demonstrated to markedly improve the pruritus of these patients.
Administration, Topical↗
Very short duration therapy with oral terbinafine for fingernail onychomycosis.
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Administration, Oral↗
Additive inhibition of RL95-2 endometrial carcinoma cell growth by carboplatin and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3.
Responses of stage III/IV endometrial adenocarcinomas to cytotoxic agents have been partial and of short duration, results which indicate a need for new agents and therapeutic strategies. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of carboplatin and the active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), on the growth of RL95-2 endometrial carcinoma cells. Carboplatin is a second-generation platinum-based cytotoxic agent. Calcitriol is a biologic agent that has activity against multiple solid tumors, including ovarian carcinomas. Carboplatin inhibited the growth of RL95-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner with maximal inhibition (78%) at 200 micrograms/ml. Calcitriol also inhibited RL95-2 growth in a concentration-dependent manner. Maximal inhibition (29%) was elicited by 80 nM calcitriol. Addition of 10-50 nM calcitriol to 5-20 micrograms/ml carboplatin resulted in improved growth inhibition. The degree of interaction between carboplatin and calcitriol was assessed using isobolographic analysis and was found to be additive at all drug concentrations and ratios examined. These results suggest that carboplatin and calcitriol each inhibit the growth of RL95-2 endometrial carcinoma cells and that the combination of these two agents acts additively to inhibit the growth of RL95-2 cells. These agents merit further investigation for their utility against endometrial carcinomas.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Combined effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and platinum drugs on the growth of MCF-7 cells.
The effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] and platinum treatments (both singly and combined) on the growth inhibition of MCF-7 cells, an epithelial cell line shown to possess specific receptors for 1,25(OH)2D3, were evaluated. The inhibitory effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 and platinum on MCF-7 cell proliferation in vitro were time and dose related. The data showed that 10 nM and 100 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited MCF-7 cell growth by 10.8 +/- 2.4% and 34.9 +/- 0.5% (mean +/- SE), respectively. The degrees of growth inhibition induced by 0.2 to 200 micrograms/ml of cis-diammine-1,1-cyclobutane dicarboxylatoplatinum(II) (carboplatin) were slightly less than those induced by 0.02 to 20 micrograms/ml of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin). The combined administration of 10 nM and 100 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 with either carboplatin (200 to 0.2 micrograms/ml) or cisplatin (20 to 0.02 micrograms/ml) was evaluated. Addition of 1,25(OH)2D3 to the platinum resulted in marginal to marked enhancement of growth inhibition over that observed with either platinum alone. The strength of these interactions varied inversely with the dose of the platinum drugs. Evaluation of drug interactions with isobolograms showed that at near-serum levels, carboplatin or cisplatin interacted synergistically with 1,25(OH)2D3 to inhibit MCF-7 cell growth. Our findings suggest potential usefulness in combining 1,25(OH)2D3, a biological modifier, with cytotoxic agents for the treatment of malignant disease.
Ascites↗