Biomedical subjects

Y Lerosey

Publications and source records attributed to Y Lerosey.

12 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

[Genetic deafness].

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to review the different types of genetic deafness. METHODS: We describe syndromic and isolated sensorineural deafness and transmission deafness. RESULTS: Genetic sensorineural syndromic deafness represents 30% of cases of genetic deafness. A frequent cause is Pendred syndrome, which associates congenital sensorineural deafness with goitre and malformations of the inner ear which can be identified on computed tomography scan. Isolated deafness which is responsible for 70% of cases of genetic deafness is then outlined. Among the different types of isolated deafness, 80% are autosomal recessive disorders. A frequent form of autosomal recessive deafness is due to mutations in the connexin 26 gene. Lastly, we detail transmission deafness dominated by aplasia. Major aplasia is characterized by a malformation of the external ear associated with malformations of the middle ear whereas, minor aplasia corresponds to a malformation of the middle ear, sometimes associated with minor external ear malformations. CONCLUSION: For each type of deafness we propose a systematic assessment.

Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome↗

PubMed2005

[Universal hearing screening: 10,835 newborns tested in maternity wards of the geographical Department of Eure, France].

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate Universal Screening using transient evoked otoacoustic emisions (TEOAE) in the geographical Department of Eure -France. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This hearing screening was initially developed at a single maternity ward (September 1999 to December 2002), and then throughout the Department (January 2003 to December 2003). One or two successive TEOAE tests were recorded. In cases of a positive test, a new TEAO was recorded at otolaryngology consultation one month later. If this test was again positive, a new consultation with brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) was scheduled. If hearing loss was suspected following BAEP, an audiometric test was performed. RESULTS: A total of 10,770 newborns were screened (99.38%), 65 newborns were lost to follow-up (0.59%), 18 bilateral hearing losses were identified (1.6/1000), and 5 of them had hearing loss risk factors. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that a hearing screening program in the maternity ward using TEOAE is recommended and provides optimal results.

Feasibility Studies↗

PubMed2001

[Adenocarcinoma of the ethmoid sinuses: results of a retrospective study in Rouen].

Ethmoid adenocarcinoma is a rare tumour of the ethmoidal sinuses. The authors report on the clinical features, treatment and follow-up results in 19 cases. Risk factors were those regularly encountered. Delay to diagnosis was long due to the nonspecific clinical features and course. Nasal endoscopy was essential for follow-up. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were also required to assess tumour spread. Our results suggest that radiotherapy following surgery should be preferred. Survival rate is generally low for this type of tumor. We had 77% survival at 5 years.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1999

Infiltrating lipoma of the head and neck: a report of one pediatric case.

Infiltrating lipomas are rare benign tumors. Several cases have previously been reported in the oral cavity but only three cases have been reported to date in children. We report a case of a 7-year-old child with an infiltrating lipoma of the neck and a posterior extension to the fourth and fifth cervical roots and the vertebral artery. The absence of any neurological signs, negative clinical and radiological examination results, as well as, the surgical risk of total removal and high rate of recurrence suggested a period of watchful waiting. After 5 years, the patient's clinical and radiological characteristics remain stable. A review of the literature regarding this pathology in the head and neck area, in both children and adults is also presented.

Child↗

PubMed1999

Cervical anatomy of phrenic nerve roots in the rabbit. European Group for Research on the Larynx.

The cervical anatomy of the different nerve contributions that constitute the phrenic nerve (phrenic nerve roots and accessory phrenic nerve) were studied in rabbits. In 55 dissections, 6 main root arrangement types were observed. The roots that issued from the fourth and fifth cervical nerves (C4 and C5 roots) were constant. The C4 root was either short or long. The C6 root was at times absent, or sometimes double. An accessory phrenic nerve was present in 43% of the right and 28% of the left dissections. The distribution of the phrenic nerve roots often displayed left-right asymmetry. We conclude that a better knowledge of the cervical anatomy of the phrenic nerve is useful both in physiological studies involving diaphragm denervation and in experimental laryngeal reinnervation.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Experimental reinnervation of a strap muscle with a few roots of the phrenic nerve in rabbits.

In order to compare application of the roots of the phrenic nerve to the ansa hypoglossi for laryngeal muscle neurotization, 1 or more roots from the phrenic nerve were implanted into the right sternothyroid (RST) muscle of rabbits (n = 36). Controls were intact animals (in which RST innervation is provided by the ansa; n = 6) and denervated ones (n = 6). At 66 +/- 2 days (mean +/- SE) after neurotization, during quiet breathing, inspiratory electromyographic activity and isometric contraction force were observed in all reinnervated RST muscles (n = 24). During maximal inspiratory effort, electromyographic activity and force increased. In animals reinnervated by the C4 root alone, forces (46.22 +/- 7.8 g) were significantly higher than in intact animals (10.83 +/- 5.0 g). Retrograde labeling proved the phrenic origin of the neurotization. Electromyography of the diaphragm was recorded. We conclude that in rabbits, neurotization of a strap muscle by 1 or 2 roots of the phrenic nerve allows inspiratory contraction, even during quiet breathing. Such inspiratory activity is not observed in sternothyroid muscles of intact animals innervated by the ansa hypoglossi.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

A pseudo-tumoral form of Kikuchi's disease in children: a case report and review of the literature.

We report one case of a cervical pseudo-tumoral form of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi Fugimoto disease) occurring in a 13-year-old child. Diagnosis was made only by histology examination of an excision biopsy from one cervical lymph node. Spontaneous complete resolution occurred within 2 months. A review of the clinical and histological features in adults and children is presented. No difference was found between the two populations regarding these features. Differential diagnoses are malignant lymphoma, systematic lupus erythematosus and, in particular, Still's disease in children. The etiology of the disease is also discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

[Middle ear cholesteatoma in children. Criteria for surgical procedure in 57 cases].

Fifty five children with 57 cholesteatomas (2 bilateral cholesteatomas) were operated on by the same surgeon. The median period of follow-up was 87 months. Fifteen cases were lost to follow-up (26%). An ossicular erosion was present in 76% of cases. In the first stage, an "intact canal wall technique" (ICWT) was carried out in 44% and a "canal wall down technique" (CWDT) in 56%. A planned second stage was carried out in 76% of ICWT and 56% of CWDT. The incidence of residual cholesteatoma was 29% and the incidence of recurrent cholesteatoma was 11%. A third stage was carried out in 6 cases (11%) without residual or recurrent cholesteatoma. Finally a CWDT was performed in 65% and a ICWT in 35%. The hearing results were significantly better with ICWT but this was due to a better preoperative hearing level. Whatever the surgical technique, the hearing results were better in the presence of an intact stapes. The surgery was individualized. Although ICWT is our priority technique, it was feasible, in our experience, only in a minority of cases because of difficult ablation, insufficient eustachian tube function and very advanced sigmoid sinus or very low lying tegmen plate. Minimal postoperative cavity problems were encountered, even in children where in our experience the mastoidal pneumatisation is limited.

Child↗

PubMed1998

[Bilateral laryngeal movement disorder and synkinesia: value of botulism toxin. Apropos of a case].

Several years after a subtotal thyroidectomy complicated by bilateral vocal cord paralysis, the patient presented with progressive dyspnea due to laryngeal synkinesis. The impairement of the ventilation status, in spite of laser arytenoidectomy, followed by contralateral posterior transverse cordotomy, suggested a botulinum toxin injection in the intrinsic adductor laryngeal muscles. The rapid improvement in ventilation without phonatory impairement is discussed in the following report.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Transvenous versus perinervous stimulation of the phrenic nerve to assess the diaphragmatic strength in rabbits.

Diaphragmatic strength can be measured by transdiaphragmatic pressure during phrenic nerve stimulation. In order to avoid phrenic nerve dissection, a transjugular approach of the phrenic nerve can be performed. The objective of this study was to verify the identity of perinervous and transvenous techniques of phrenic nerve stimulation to assess diaphragmatic force. In intact (n = 9) or right phrenicotomized (n = 12) rabbits, we compared esophageal pressure (Peso) induced by supramaximal perinervous stimulation of the phrenic nerve with that obtained by transvenous stimulation of the phrenic nerve. Electromyography (EMG) of the thoracic muscles was studied in four animals. We found no difference between Peso induced by perinervous (PNS) and transvenous (TVS) unilateral or bilateral phrenic nerve stimulation. During unilateral stimulation, no EMG activity was recorded in the non stimulated diaphragm, or in the middle part of the esophagus, or in ipsi- and contralateral accessory inspiratory muscles. We conclude that in rabbits, unilateral or bilateral TVS of the phrenic nerve is functionally equivalent to PNS, whatever the side of stimulation; Peso is not altered by esophageal contraction in TVS. Transvenous stimulation can replace perinervous stimulation in experimental studies, when cervical access is difficult.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Selective resection of the phrenic nerve roots in rabbits. Part I: Cartography of the residual innervation.

Partial unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis remains poorly understood. This study evaluates the residual innervation of the diaphragm after selective resection of one or several roots of the right phrenic nerve in rabbits. Forty-seven animals were operated on according to five root resection modalities. Seven animals served as control. Eight weeks after surgery, the different regions of each hemidiaphragm were analyzed. Electromyographic activity was measured during quiet inspiration and the following histomorphometric parameters were studied: mean fiber area, fiber area dispersion, and ratio large diameter over small diameter. The results obtained from the two measurements were similar. When the accessory phrenic nerve was spared, the crural diaphragmatic region was preserved; denervation was encountered in anterior and lateral parts of the hemidiaphragm. When the highest root of the right phrenic nerve was resected, denervation denervation was limited to the sternal region. When resection of the two highest roots was performed, partial denervation was observed in each region, with residual innervation in the posterior hemidiaphragm. When resection of both the lowest roots was performed, denervation was maximal in the costal region; sternal region remained intact. No contralateral innervation was observed. We conclude that in rabbits: 1) resection of a single root of the phrenic nerve preserves consistent residual innervation. 2) somatotopy of the diaphragm innvervation follows an anteroposterior distribution.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Selective resection of the phrenic nerve roots in rabbits. Part II: Respiratory effects.

This study evaluates the delayed respiratory consequences of selective resection of one or several roots of the right phrenic nerve in rabbits. A total of 50 animals were operated on according to five modalities of root resection. A total of 11 animals served as control. The breathing pattern was analysed 8 weeks after surgery. Transdiaphragmatic pressure was measured during transjugular supramaximal stimulation of the phrenic nerve, unilaterally or bilaterally and during prolonged tracheal occlusion (PImax). No difference was observed between the esophageal pressure observed during bilateral phrenic nerve stimulation (BilPeso) in control animals when compared to animals with resection of the highest root of the right phrenic nerve (16.2 +/- 1.0 versus 14.5 +/- 1.0 cmH2O (mean +/- SE). Resection of the two highest or of the two lowest roots of the right phrenic nerve resulted in a similar BilPeso (11.3 +/- 0.8 versus 11.1 +/- 1.2 cmH2O). Preservation of only the accessory phrenic nerve (PN) resulted in a low value of BilPeso (9.8 +/- 1.0 cmH2O) similar to that obtained with complete denervation of the right hemidiaphragm. Ventilation and PImax were not different between the denervated or intact rabbits during quiet breathing. We conclude that in rabbits: (1) Diaphragmatic function is preserved after resection of the highest root of the phrenic nerve. (2) Diaphragmatic function is altered if only the APN is preserved.

Animals↗