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Biomedical subjects

Y M Amin

Publications and source records attributed to Y M Amin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Determination of percentage depth dose for 6 and 10 MV x-rays using Ge-doped optical fibre and TLD-100.

Percentage depth doses for 6 and 10 MV x-ray beams from a linear accelerator were measured using approximately 1 cm long (approximately 0.3 mg) Ge-doped optical fibre as a thermoluminescence dosimeter for two field sizes, 5 x 5 and 10 x 10 cm2. The results indicate that the Ge-doped optical fibre dosimeter is in good agreement with the results from a PTW 30001 cylindrical ionisation chamber and TLD-100. For 6 MV x-ray beams we observe that the depth of maximum dose d(max) is 1.5 and 2 cm for field sizes of 5 x 5 and 10 x 10 cm2 respectively. For 10 MV d(max) is 2 cm for a field size of 5 x 5 cm2 and 2.5 cm for a 10 x 10 cm2 field.

Fiber Optic Technology↗
PubMed1999

Multifetal pregnancy reduction: modification of the technique and analysis of the outcome.

OBJECTIVE: To modify the technique of multifetal pregnancy reduction and to study the outcome of reduced twins in comparison with nonreduced twins and high-order multiple gestations. DESIGN: Prospective controlled study. SETTING: The Egyptian IVF-ET Center, Cairo. PATIENT(S): Seventy-five patients with high-order multiple pregnancies resulting from assisted reproduction. Controls were 40 nonreduced twin pregnancies and 22 high-order multiple gestations. INTERVENTION(S): Transvaginal ultrasonically guided multifetal pregnancy reduction was performed. The first 30 cases were done using KCl as a cardiotoxic agent. The modified technique was used for the last 45 cases at an earlier gestational age (approximately 7 weeks) by eliminating the use of KCI and by aspirating the embryonic parts. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Miscarriage rate, gestational age at delivery, birth weight, and pregnancy complications. RESULT(S): Using the modified technique, the miscarriage rate was 8.8% and 41 patients delivered between 32 and 39 weeks of gestation (mean+/-SD, 36.9+/-2.45 weeks). The mean (+/-SD) birth weight was 2,450.51+/-235.44 g. The miscarriage rate, fetal wastage rate, mean gestational age, and mean birth weight were similar in reduced and nonreduced twins and were significantly better than in nonreduced triplets and quadruplets. CONCLUSION(S): The modified technique of multifetal pregnancy reduction significantly improved outcomes, which were similar to those of nonreduced twins resulting from assisted reproduction and significantly better than those of nonreduced triplets and quadruplets.

Female↗
PubMed1998

Moderate ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome complicated by deep cerebrovascular thrombosis.

This report describes two cases that developed moderate ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) without evidence of haemoconcentration. Both patients developed serious cerebrovascular thrombosis resulting in hemiparesis, and recovered after treatment with anticoagulants. This report emphasizes that other factors may contribute to vascular thrombosis, and illustrates that cerebrovascular accidents may complicate even moderate OHSS.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Oocyte quality in patients with severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To study the oocyte quality in patients with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: The Egyptian IVF-ET Center. PATIENT(S): Forty-two patients who developed severe OHSS (group A) were studied for the mean number of oocytes retrieved, percentage of high-quality oocytes, embryo quality, and fertilization, implantation, and pregnancy rates; these patients were compared with an age-matched control group who did not develop OHSS (group B; n = 183) after superstimulation for IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. INTERVENTION(S): In vitro fertilization and ICSI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Fertilization and pregnancy rates. RESULT(S): In group A, the mean number of oocytes retrieved was significantly higher, whereas the percentage of high-quality oocytes and the fertilization rate were significantly lower than that in group B. There were no statistically significant differences in the quality of embryos transferred or the implantation or pregnancy rate between the groups. The percentage of high-quality oocytes and the fertilization rate were significantly lower in patients with polycystic ovaries (PCO) in both groups. CONCLUSION(S): The inferior quality and maturity of oocytes in OHSS reduced the fertilization rate but did not affect the quality or the number of embryos transferred or the pregnancy rate. The effect on oocyte quality could be due to the prevalence of PCO in this group of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Fertilization and pregnancy rates after intracytoplasmic sperm injection using ejaculate semen and surgically retrieved sperm.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the fertilization rates and pregnancy rates (PRs) in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using sperm from ejaculates of normal and abnormal semen, epididymal sperm, and testicular sperm of obstructive and nonobstructive azoospermic patients. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: The Egyptian IVF-ET Center. PATIENT(S): Three hundred fifty patients underwent 366 ICSI cycles. INTERVENTION(S): ICSI, epididymal sperm aspiration, and testicular biopsy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Fertilization rates and PRs. RESULT(S): Patients were divided into five groups according to the quality and source of sperm. Patients in group 1 underwent 102 cycles of ICSI using ejaculated abnormal semen, group 2 underwent 44 cycles using epididymal sperm, group 3 underwent 82 cycles using testicular sperm from obstructive azoospermia, group 4 underwent 80 cycles using testicular sperm from nonobstructive azoospermia, and group 5 underwent 58 cycles using normal semen. There was no significant difference in the fertilization rates and PRs among groups 1, 2, and 3. In group 4, the fertilization rate and PR were significantly lower than in all other groups. In group 5, the fertilization rate was significantly higher than in all other groups. CONCLUSION(S): The fertilizing ability of sperm in ICSI is highest with normal semen and lowest with sperm extracted from a testicular biopsy in nonobstructive azoospermia. There was no significant difference in fertilization rates and PRs between ejaculated sperm of different parameters and surgically retrieved sperm in obstructive azoospermia.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection and conventional in vitro fertilization for sibling oocytes in cases of unexplained infertility and borderline semen.

PURPOSE: In a prospective study, conventional IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were performed on sibling oocytes of 22 patients with unexplained infertility (Group A) and 24 patients with borderline semen (Group B). RESULTS: In Group A, there was no significant difference (P = 0.070) in the fertilization rate per oocyte between ICSI (63%) and conventional IVF (50.7%), however, there was total failure of fertilization in conventional IVF in 5 of the 22 patients with IVF and none in ICSI. In group B, there was a significant difference (P < 0.001) between the fertilization rate per oocyte in ICSI (59%) and conventional IVF (27.1%). There was total failure of fertilization in 11 patients after conventional IVF and none after ICSI. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that 22.7% of unexplained infertility and 45.8% of patients with borderline semen would have lost their chance of embryo transfer completely because of total failure of fertilization if ICSI was not performed on some oocytes in this cycle.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Prospective controlled randomized study of in vitro fertilization versus intracytoplasmic sperm injection in the treatment of tubal factor infertility with normal semen parameters.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in tubal factor infertility with normal semen parameters. DESIGN: A prospective randomized study. SETTING: The Egyptian IVF-ET Center. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred sixteen patients infertile due to tubal factor were divided randomly into two groups. Group A(n = 58) was treated with IVF and group B(m = 58) was treated with ICSI. INTERVENTION: In vitro fertilization and ICSI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Pregnancy rate. RESULTS: In group A, 736 oocytes were retrieved and normal (two pronuclear [2pN] fertilization occurred in 477 oocytes (64.8%). In group B, 748 oocytes were retrieved, 572 metaphase II oocytes were injected, and 2PN fertilization occurred in 400 oocytes (70% per injected oocyte and 53.5% per retrieved oocyte). Clinical pregnancy was diagnosed in 18 patients in group A (31%) and 19 patients in group B (32.8%). There was no significant difference in the pregnancy rate between the two groups. The fertilization rate per retrieved oocytes was significantly higher in group A. CONCLUSIONS: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection does not offer a higher pregnancy rate as compared with IVF in the treatment of tubal factor infertility with normal semen.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1996

Recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone in the treatment of patients with history of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the low-dose recombinant FSH and hMG protocols in treatment of patients with history of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). DESIGN: A prospective study on 22 patients with history of severe OHSS. Group A (n = 14) was treated with low-dose recombinant FSH 40 cycles and group B (n = 8) was treated with low-dose hMG in 26 cycles. SETTING: The Egyptian IVF-ET Center, Cairo, Egypt. PATIENT(S): Twenty-two patients with a history of severe OHSS. INTERVENTION(S): Ovulation induction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Estradiol, number of follicles, number of hMG ampules, pregnancy rate (PR), and the development of OHSS. RESULT(S): The cancellation rate, mean E2 level on day of hCG, mean number of days of stimulation, and the mean number of ampules per cycle were 10%, 523 +/- 166 pg/mL (conversion factor to SI unit, 3.671), 17.8 +/- 5.4, and 19 +/- 6.5 in group A and 19.2%, 554 +/- 152 pg/mL, 14.6 +/- 2.5, and 16.1 +/- 3.6 in group B, respectively. Treatment resulted in eight pregnancies (20% per cycle) and two abortions (25%) in group A. In group B, four pregnancies resulted (15.4% per cycle) and two patients aborted (50%). No cases of OHSS developed in both groups. There were no significant differences in all parameters between the two groups. CONCLUSION(S): Recombinant FSH low-dose protocol proved to be as effective as low-dose hMG in producing reasonable ovulation and PRS in polycystic ovary syndrome patients with a history of severe OHSS and the protocol was safe concerning the risk of development of OHSS.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1995

The effect of sperm parameters on the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of sperm parameters on the fertilization and pregnancy rates in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of 130 cycles of ICSI performed for the treatment of male factor infertility. SETTING: The Egyptian IVF-ET Center. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred thirty couples with the diagnosis of male factor infertility or with previous failed fertilization in conventional IVF or subzonal sperm injection. INTERVENTION: Ovum pick-up and ICSI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Fertilization and pregnancy rates in relation to different semen parameters. RESULTS: A total of 1,433 oocytes were retrieved and 1,071 metaphase II oocytes were injected. Normal fertilization occurred in 620 oocytes (58%). Embryo transfer was done for 128 (98.5%) patients, and a total of 46 (35%) clinical pregnancies were achieved. There was no statistically significant difference in the fertilization or pregnancy rates between patients who had previously failed fertilization in conventional IVF, patients with subfertile semen, patients with semen between 1 and 10 x 10(6)/mL, and patients with semen < 1 x 10(6)/mL. There was also no significant difference in the fertilization and pregnancy rates between patients with < 95% or > 95% teratozoospermia. CONCLUSION: In ICSI, the fertilization and pregnancy rates are not affected by different semen parameters as long as morphologically well-shaped live sperms could be used for the injection.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

In vitro fertilization in a spontaneous cycle: a successful simple protocol.

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of a simple protocol of in vitro fertilization in the spontaneous natural cycle. METHOD: A prospective study using in vitro fertilization in a natural cycle for the treatment of infertility due to tubal factor. RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients were monitored by vaginal ultrasound and LH in urine for 229 cycles. In 49.8% of the cycles the pick-up was canceled because of the early LH rise or failure to visualize a dominant follicle. Ovum pick-up was performed in 112 cycles and oocyte retrieval rate was 87.5%. Embryo transfer was performed in 86 cycles, pregnancy rate per pick-up was 10.2%, and there was no pregnancy wastage. CONCLUSION: IVF in a spontaneous cycle is a simple, low cost and safe treatment, which yields reasonable PR, for young regularly menstruating women with tubal factors of infertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The prognostic value of successful in-vitro fertilization in subsequent trials.

A retrospective study comparing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) results in patients with previous successful trials versus new IVF patients was designed with the objective of evaluating the prognosis in both groups. Patients were divided into two groups: group A, 22 patients with previous conception in IVF trials; and group B, 235 new IVF patients. All patients had tubal factor as the only cause of infertility and were stimulated by a standard protocol of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist and human menopausal gonadotrophin. The pregnancy rate in group A (64%) was significantly higher than in group B (19%). In group A, 77% of the patients had three or more grade 1 embryos per transfer as compared with 16% in group B. In group A, 95.5% of patients had easy embryo transfer as compared with 61.2% in group B. The results of the study demonstrated that patients with previous IVF pregnancies have a significantly higher pregnancy rate compared with the control group. The improved pregnancy rate is due to the higher quality of embryos and the higher percentage of easy embryo transfers.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Dummy embryo transfer using methylene blue dye.

The aim of this prospective work was to evaluate different catheters and techniques used for embryo transfer. Studies were performed on 105 IVF patients before the start of treatment cycles. Each patient was used as her own control to study the expulsion of methylene blue (MB) dye after dummy embryo transfer. Group A (n = 35) underwent the test twice, before and after aspiration of the cervical mucus. Group B (n = 30) underwent the test twice with and without the presence of two air bubbles in the embryo transfer catheter. Group C (n = 40) underwent the test twice using two different catheters, the Wallace and the Craft catheters. The results showed that the dye was extruded at the external os in 57% of the cases when the cervical mucus was not aspirated compared to 23% when the mucus was aspirated (P = 0.01). The dye was extruded in 33% of the cases with air bubbles in the catheter as compared to 27% when no air was present (P > 0.05). When the Wallace catheter was used expulsion occurred in 25.5% compared to 77.5% when the Craft catheter was used. We concluded that using soft catheters and complete aspiration of cervical mucus significantly reduced the expulsion of the dye. The presence of air bubbles did not affect rate of expulsion of the dye.

Air↗
PubMed1993

Management of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome by ascitic fluid aspiration and intensive intravenous fluid therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of intensive intravenous (IV) fluid therapy and ascitic fluid aspiration in the management of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. METHODS: Forty-two women with severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome were treated by ultrasonically guided transvaginal aspiration of ascitic fluid and IV fluid infusion. Ten women with the same condition treated conservatively constituted a comparison group. The main outcome measures included percentage change in hematocrit, creatinine clearance, and urine output before and after aspiration. The duration of hospital stay was compared between the groups. RESULTS: Marked improvement of symptoms and general condition followed soon after aspiration. Hematocrit readings decreased by 22%, creatinine clearance increased by 79.3%, and urine output increased by 220.7%. The average volume of aspirated fluid was 3900 mL. The average duration of hospital stay was 3.8 days in the treated women. In the comparison group, severe symptoms and electrolyte imbalance continued for an average of 9 days, and the average hospital stay was 11 days. CONCLUSION: Intensive IV fluid therapy and transvaginal aspiration of ascitic fluid are safe and effective in improving symptoms, preventing complications, and shortening the hospital stay in severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

Ascites↗
PubMed1979

Fluorocarbon aerosol propellants XII: Correlation of blood level of trichloromonofluoromethane to cardiovascular and respiratory responses in anesthetized dogs.

Anesthetized mongrel dogs were exposed to various concentrations of trichloromonofluoromethane. Before, during, and after the inhalation, arterial and venous blood samples were obtained for fluorocarbon analysis. After the cessation of fluorocarbon inhalation, a multiexponential decline for the blood was observed. This finding was similar to that of previous study in which the fluorocarbon was administered intravenously to unanesthetized dogs. The half-life calculated from the terminal phase was about 280 min, and the pseudodistribution equilibrium was reached about 100 min after dosing. Study of the relationship between blood fluorocarbon levels and effects on the respiration rate and arterial blood pressure indicates that the sites of these pharmacological activities are located in the blood or central compartment rather than in the peripheral compartment. The effect on the heart rate appears to be quite instantaneous after inhalation. These results might shed some light on the fast effect of the fluorocarbon propellants, which caused sudden deaths after inhalation of a large quantity.

Aerosol Propellants↗
PubMed1976

Rationale for apparent differences in pharmacokinetic aspects of model compounds determined from blood level data and urinary excretion data in rats.

Results of studies carried out in rats for model compounds, D-(-) mandelic acid, benzoylformic acid, and some of their para-alkylated homologs, showed that their biological half-lives determined from the elimination phase of urinary excretion data were longer than those determined from the elimination phase of blood level data. With compounds that followed multicompartment open models, the initial distributive phase (alpha-phase) noted from the blood level data was not detected from the urinary excretion data. Based on the analysis of half-life data obtained in the absence and presence of DL-tropic acid (a competitive renal tubular secretion inhibitor of these compounds), it is proposed that, besides the shortness of the alpha-phase period, the factor accounting for these compounds is their retention and/or detention in the renal tubular membranes during their tubular secretion. Furthermore, it is proposed that the renal tubular membranes do not constitute a part of the central or peripheral compartment. Examples are cited to show that, where studies are reported for the same drugs in the same human subjects in the same laboratory, drugs usually exhibit longer biological half-lives when urinary excretion data rather than blood level data are used.

Animals↗