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Biomedical subjects

Y M Bishop

Publications and source records attributed to Y M Bishop.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Effects of sulfur oxides and respirable particles on human health. Methodology and demography of populations in study.

As part of a study of health effects of sulfur dioxide and particulate matter, we have established a cohort of adults 25 to 74 yr of age in 6 communities who will be followed prospectively. At the conclusion of our first cycle of measuring the health of adults in 6 sites we found that, although we used different sampling frames, our samples were close to the distribution shown in the U.S. Census for age, sex, and occupation, with the possible exception of one city. Analysis of the cross-sectional data indicated that for both age- and height-adjusted values for forced expiratory volume in 1 s and for selected rates of various respiratory symptoms standardized for age, differences among smoking groups were apparent. Differences in these parameters between sites suggest trends that were associated with levels of pollution. Further analyses of the prospective data currently being collected will be required before definitive statements can be made about the effect of specific levels of exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Statistical methods for hazards and health.

The objective of this article is to document the need for further development of statistical methodology, training of more statisticians and improved communication between statisticians and the many other disciplines engaged in environmental research. Discussion of adequacy of the current statistical methodology requires the use of examples, which will hopefully not be offensive to the authors. Reference is made to recent developments and areas of unsolved problems delineated in three broad areas: enumeration data and adjusted rates; time series; and multiple regression. A brief outline of the ideas behind current methods of analyzing discrete data is followed by a demonstration of their utility using an example of the effects of exposure, sex, and education on bronchitis rates. Examples are listed of the ubiquity of the time component when relating pollution effects to each other and to health effects. An artificial example is used to emphasize the effects of time-dependent autocorrelations, trends, and cycles. References are given to a variety of new developments in time-dependent autocorrelations, trends, and cycles. References are given to a variety of new developments in time-series analysis. Discussion of the pitfalls in multiple regression analysis, and possible alternative approaches is largely based on two recent reviews and includes references to recent developments of robust techniques.

Age Factors↗