PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Y Maede

Publications and source records attributed to Y Maede.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Erythrocyte ALA-d activity in experimentally lead-poisoned ducks and its change during treatment with disodium calcium EDTA.

To determine useful procedures for the diagnosis and prognosis of lead poisoning in waterfowl caused by ingestion of lead pellets, erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-d) was investigated in experimentally lead-poisoned ducks. A highly positive correlation was observed between the concentration of blood lead and the ALA-d activity ratio (the ratio of activated:non-activated enzyme activity) in those birds given seven lead pellets (3 mm diameter). The ALA-d activity ratio rapidly increased after the administration of lead pellets, but began to fall immediately after the initiation of disodium calcium ethylenediamine tetra-acetate (CaEDTA) therapy which resulted in a rapid decrease in the concentration of lead in the blood of these birds. In contrast, the ALA-d activity remained inhibited even after blood lead levels began to decrease following treatment. These results demonstrated that the ALA-d activity ratio is a very useful and sensitive indicator for the diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic effects after lead poisoning in waterfowl.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

A novel response of anion transporter in equine erythrocytes to a fluorescent substrate, N-(2-aminoethyl sulfonate)-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-3-diazole (NBD-taurine).

This report describes a unique response of the anion transporter in equine erythrocytes to the fluorescent substrate N-(2-aminoethyl sulfonate)-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-3-diazole (NBD-taurine). Equine erythrocytes showed fluxes of NBD-taurine both inward and outward at rates considerably slower than those in human cells. These fluxes were completely abolished by a typical anion transport inhibitor, 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate. Furthermore, NBD-taurine competitively inhibited the uptake of phosphate in equine red cells with an inhibition constant of phosphate that was slightly higher than the Michaelis constant of phosphate uptake. These results demonstrate that the anion transporter (band 3) in equine red cells binds NBD-taurine but does not prefer it as the substrate for transport, suggesting a structural difference between equine and human anion transporters at the polypeptide portion which is implicated in anion transport.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Variant of canine erythrocytes with high potassium content and lack of glutathione accumulation.

Although the cation composition of mature erythrocytes in clinically normal dogs comprises low K concentration and high Na concentration because of lack of a Na/K pump, a dog was found that had erythrocytes with high K and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations attributable to the existence of a Na/K pump (HK/HG cells). However, 2 dogs were subsequently found that had erythrocytes with high K concentration and increased Na/K pump activity, but without high GSH accumulation (HK/LG cells). In those HK/LG cells, Na-dependent glutamate and aspartate influxes were about a sixth of the values in HK/HG cells, despite a steep Na gradient, and cellular glutamate concentration was not accumulated in HK/LG cells as it was in HK/HG cells. In the latter cells, glutamate and aspartate accumulated because of high activity of Na-dependent amino acid influxes. Therefore, low concentration of glutamate may be the reason for the low GSH concentration in HK/LG cells. In such cells, however, aspartate and glutamine were accumulated similarly as they were in HK/HG cells. The HK/LG cells also had a defect in amino acid metabolism. This defect was different from that in HK/HG cells. Thus, HK/LG cells might be a new model for study of defects in amino acid transport and amino acid metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Relation between reduced glutathione content and Heinz body formation in sheep erythrocytes.

To clarify the oxidant defense functions of reduced glutathione (GSH) in erythrocytes, the effect of GSH deficiency on in vitro oxidant defense was studied, using GSH-deficient sheep erythrocytes (low-GSH cells). The formation of Heinz bodies in low-GSH cells was higher than that in high-GSH cells when the cells were incubated with an oxidant drug, acetylphenylhydrazine (APH). Artificial depletion of GSH by 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in high-GSH cells resulted in increased Heinz body formation in these cells incubated with APH. Furthermore, high negative correlation was observed between Heinz body formation and GSH content in sheep erythrocytes exposed to APH. These results clearly indicate that erythrocyte GSH is indispensable for erythrocyte defense against oxidative damage induced by APH, and support the previous observations that sheep with low-GSH erythrocytes were more susceptible to oxidative agents than were sheep with high-GSH erythrocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Deamidation of human erythrocyte protein 4.1: possible role in aging.

The human erythrocyte membrane protein 4.1 exists in two major electrophoretic forms: 4.1a (80 Kd) and 4.1b (78 Kd). Mass spectrometry and amino acid analysis of the proteolytic peptides derived from carboxyl-terminal regions of these proteins indicate that they differ by deamidation of two aspargine residues at positions 478 and 502. Electrophoretic analysis of carboxyl-terminal peptides has shown that the mobility difference between the two polypeptides is due to the deamidation of Asn502 and not that of Asn478. This observation was confirmed by converting a congener of the protein 4.1b to 4.1a by site-directed mutagenesis of Asn502 to Asp. These results unambiguously demonstrate that deamidation of Asn502 is responsible for conversion of protein 4.1b to 4.1a. Since the conversion of protein 4.1b to 4.1a, under physiological conditions, occurs in a time-dependent manner, our study clearly shows that deamidation is an excellent marker for red blood cell aging.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Treatment of lead poisoning in wild geese.

Twenty-seven wild geese (Anser albifrons) suffering from lead poisoning caused by ingestion of lead shot were treated with disodium calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetate. The concentration of lead in blood ranged from 0.4 to 23.0 micrograms/ml, with a mean concentration of 5.6 micrograms/ml. In 22 of the birds, 1 to 48 lead pellets (mean, 10.5 pellets/bird) were seen on radiographs of their gizzards. Eleven of 27 birds recovered 3 to 8 weeks after the initiation of treatment. In the birds that recovered, the lead pellets were rapidly eroded as the birds recovered their appetites in response to treatment, and disappeared radiographically between treatment days 17 and 52. The birds that did not survive died within 4 weeks, despite decreased concentrations of lead in blood. Of these 16 birds, 15 had radiographic evidence of impaction of the proventriculus at the first examination and no evidence of resolution of the impaction at the time of death. In contrast, only 2 of the 11 geese that recovered had impaction of the proventriculus at the time of admission. Thus, the condition of the proventriculus seems to be the first consideration to evaluate in the prognosis of lead poisoning in geese.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The critical role of asparagine 502 in post-translational alteration of protein 4.1.

1. Protein 4.1 in most mammalian red cells exhibits a post-translational conversion of 4.1b to 4.1a, except for feline protein 4.1, which lacks this alteration. 2. Our previous study provided evidence that protein 4.1b in human red cells is converted to 4.1a by deamidation of a specific asparagine (Asn) residue at position 502, suggesting that the post-translational change of 4.1b to 4.1a depends on the primary structure of the protein at the site of deamidation. 3. To confirm this hypothesis, proteolytic fragments corresponding to the deamidation site of human protein 4.1 were purified from canine and feline erythrocyte protein 4.1 and analyzed for their amino acid sequences. 4. Two proteolytic peptides, D7 and D9 derived from canine protein 4.1, both corresponding to the human sequence Thr492-...-Asn (or Asp)502-...-Lys505 showed the same sequence, Thr-Gln-Thr-...-Lys, except that the 11th residue equivalent to the 502nd amino acid was Asn in D7 while it was Asp in D9, indicating that deamidation occurs at the same position in canine protein 4.1 as in humans. 5. However, substitution of Ser for Asn at this position was observed in feline protein 4.1. 6. These results demonstrate that Asn502 has a critical role in post-translational conversion of 4.1b to 4.1a in mammalian red blood cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

L-sorbose does not cause hemolysis in dog erythrocytes with inherited high Na, K-ATPase activity.

1. The hemolytic effect of L-sorbose on canine erythrocytes characterized by inherited high Na, K-ATPase activity and a high potassium concentration (HK RBCs) was compared with that on normal canine erythrocytes (LK RBCs). 2. Dogs having HK RBCs (HK dogs) revealed no clinical and hematological changes after administration of L-sorbose, whereas normal dogs (LK dogs) developed severe hemolytic anemia associated with hemoglobinuria and marked decreases of erythrocyte ATP concentrations. 3. In vitro, L-sorbose induced hemolysis in LK RBCs along with the depression of both ATP and lactate formation in these cells, but not in HK RBCs. The inhibition of glycolysis by L-sorbose in LK RBCs, however, was not observed when glucose-6-phosphate was used as a substrate instead of glucose. 4. These results suggest that the disparity of susceptibility to sorbose-induced hemolysis may be due to the difference in erythrocyte metabolism between HK and LK RBCs, especially the high activity of hexokinase in HK cells, which was 2-fold greater than that in LK RBCs.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1992

The relationship between reduced glutathione level and glutathione S-transferase activity in sheep erythrocytes.

The relationship between reduced glutathione (GSH) level and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in erythrocytes was examined, using sheep erythrocytes, which have varying GSH concentrations, and dog erythrocytes with an inherited high concentration of GSH. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.529, p < 0.001) between the GSH level and GST activity in sheep erythrocytes. In dog erythrocytes, the GST activity in high-GSH cells was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than that in normal-GSH cells. These results indicate that the activity of GST in erythrocytes is directly correlated with the intracellular GSH level.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Detection of equine immunoglobulin-secreting cells by a plaque assay.

A protein A-hemolytic plaque assay was applied to detect immunoglobulin (Ig)-producing cells in horse peripheral blood, using pokeweed mitogen as a B lymphocyte activator. A maximum number of Ig-secreting cells was obtained when horse peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured in a medium containing horse serum. The number of Ig-secreting cells in young horses (2 years old) was lower than that in adult horses (6 to 23 years old). In addition, the plaque formation was unchanged from blood samples kept at 4 degrees C for 24 hours, while blood samples kept for 72 hours did not yield plaques. These results indicate that the plaque assay is a reliable and useful method for detecting Ig-secreting cells in the peripheral blood of the horse.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Susceptibility to onion-induced hemolysis in dogs with hereditary high erythrocyte reduced glutathione and potassium concentrations.

The hemolytic effect of onion consumption in dogs with hereditary high erythrocyte reduced glutathione and potassium concentrations (designated HK dogs) was compared with that in clinically normal dogs. Twelve hours after oral administration of boiled onions (200 g/dog), hemoglobin concentration decreased to 84.4% of the initial value in HK dogs; it decreased only to 90.5% in clinically normal dogs. At 24 hours, methemoglobin concentration was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in HK dogs than in clinically normal dogs. The concentration of erythrocyte oxidized glutathione increased about fivefold at 10 hours in HK dogs, whereas it did not change during the experimental period in clinically normal dogs. In addition, at 12 hours, the proportion of erythrocytes containing Heinz bodies increased to 24.4% in HK dogs, but increased only to 1.2% in clinically normal dogs. Thus, results indicated that HK dogs were more susceptible to the oxidant action of onions than were clinically normal dogs.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

[Pulmonary lesions of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--analysis of 24 Japanese autopsy cases with AIDS].

The pulmonary lesions were studied in 24 autopsy cases of Japanese patients with AIDS. The major pathological findings were opportunistic infections, which were the major clinical symptoms in some patients. The pathogens identified were as follows; Pneumocystis carinii (PC) in 10, cytomegalovirus (CMV) in 14, atypical mycobacterium in 5, cryptococcus in 2, candida in 2, and nocardia in 1. PC pneumonia was prominent in 8 cases and was the cause of death. In such patients, the lung were heavy and appeared parenchymatous. Histological examination revealed numerous protozoa in the foamy material in the alveolar spaces, associated with swelling of the alveolar lining cells and edematous thickening of the alveolar septa. In some cases, only hyaline membrane formation was prominent without foamy material in the alveolar spaces. Immunostaining with anti-PC monoclonal antibody or in-situ hybridization with oligopeptide demonstrated pathogens in the hyaline membranes. Many cases with PC pneumonia had concomitant opportunistic infections such as CMV, Herpes simplex virus, and atypical mycobacterium. Extrapulmonary infection of PC was seen in only one case. CMV infection was found in 14 cases; 7 had innumerable inclusion bodies, and in some cases the lesions were most prominent around the bronchioles. Of the 5 cases of atypical mycobacterial infection, 2 were caused by M. kansaii (MK) and 3 by M. avium intracellulare (MAI). Both lesions of MK infection showed necrosis and cavitation. One of three cases of MAI infection showed cavitation. Around the cavitary lesions, numerous cytomegalic inclusion bodies were identified in the mesenchymal cells, which may have been the cause of necrosis and cavitation of the lesions. MAI infection was systemic and pronounced in the lymph nodes, spleen, and intestinal mucosa. Neoplastic lesions comprised 2 cases of Kaposi's sarcoma and 4 of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma in other organs. Lung involvement was seen in only one case of Kaposi's sarcoma although very small in size. The lesion was situated along the pulmonary vein and appeared hemorrhagic macroscopically. Pulmonary lesions in AIDS are complicated, and many of opportunistic pathogens were identified in single patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Hereditary high-potassium erythrocytes with high Na, K-ATPase activity in Japanese shiba dogs.

The sodium (Na) and potassium (K) concentrations and Na, K-ATPase activity were examined in erythrocytes from 24 Japanese shiba dogs and 79 dogs of 24 other breeds. Eleven of the shibas had erythrocytes with high K and low Na concentrations, together with high Na, K-ATPase activity (HK RBCs), while red cells from the remaining shibas and all of the other breeds examined showed low K and high Na concentrations, with no enzyme activity (LK RBCs). The concentration of reduced glutathione in HK RBCs was about five times that in LK RBCs. All the findings from HK shibas were in good agreement with those from HK mongrel dogs found in Japan previously. Since the shiba is a Japanese breed of dog, the results of the present study strongly suggest that the gene for HK RBCs may be inherent in dogs indigenous to Japan, particularly in shiba dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Cryoglobulinemia in a horse.

Cryoglobulin was isolated from a horse which had glomerulo-nephritis and a history of swelling and skin ulcers of the limbs in the winter. The isolated cryoglobulin showed a single peak on a gel permeation chromatography column with an apparent molecular mass (Mr) of 180,000 which could be divided into two gamma bands by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Immunoelectrophoretic analysis revealed that the cryoglobulin formed two precipitation lines with anti-horse IgG. Spur formation was observed when the cryoglobulin and the IgG purified from a normal healthy horse were cross-reacted with anti-horse IgG on a double diffusion gel. In addition, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under the reduced conditions showed that the isolated cryoglobulin consisted of two doublets of polypeptides with Mr values of 52,000 and 50,000, and 31,000, and 30,000, corresponding to the heavy chain and the light chain of the horse IgG molecules, respectively. These results suggest that the isolated cryoglobulin might consist of two different IgG molecules, and that the manifestations such as foot swelling with skin ulcers and renal failures were all induced by the cryoglobulin in the serum.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Two novel molecular isoforms of band 4.2 in Japanese Sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis, Heude) erythrocytes.

Two molecular isoforms of band 4.2 were identified in erythrocyte membranes from 25 Japanese Sika deer (Ceryus nippon yesoensis, Heude) based on specific immunorecognition with anti-human band 4.2. These two variants, designated 4.2/78 and 4.2/76, had respective relative molecular weights (Mr) of 78,000 and 76,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels and showed similar profiles after limited proteolysis, exhibiting identity in primary structure. 25 adult Sika deer could be divided into two groups according to the 4.2/78:4.2/76 ration, indicating a genetic control in the expression of the molecular isoforms of band 4.2. Both polypeptides were completely retained in cytoskeletal protein-depleted membranes and could be removed by alkaline extraction, suggesting that both proteins contribute to the association of membrane proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Increased erythrophagocytic activity of macrophages in dogs with Babesia gibsoni infection.

To elucidate the mechanism of anemia caused by Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs, the erythrophagocytic activity of macrophages in infected dogs was investigated in vitro. In the present study, macrophages obtained from peripheral blood (PB-macrophages) and bone marrow (BM-macrophages) of splenectomized dogs with chronic B. gibsoni infection were examined. The BM-macrophages in the splenectomized dogs with chronic babesiosis exhibited an increased erythrophagocytic activity compared with those from splenectomized, non-infected dogs. In the infected dogs, erythrophagocytic activities of macrophages against both auto- and iso-erythorcytes from normal dogs were almost the same. Administration of an anti-protozoal drug, diminazene diaceturate, resulted in a decrease of the erythrophagocytic activity of BM-macrophages associated with an increase of the hematocrit value in splenectomized dogs with chronic babesiosis. In splenectomized dogs with acute babesiosis, erythrophagocytic activity of BM-macrophages was also elevated. Such a phenomenon was not, however, observed in splenectomized dogs with onion-induced hemolytic anemia. These results suggest that the erythrophagocytic ability of macrophages in the infected dogs might be accelerated by parasites per se through an unknown mechanism, resulting in severe anemia in spite of low parasitemia.

Anemia↗
PubMed1990

Hematology in sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis Heude, 1884).

Blood samples were taken from 78 wild and 21 farmed sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) using ketamine-xylazine sedation during their excited (82 deer) and resting (17 deer) states. Red cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were significantly higher and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was lower in excited deer than in resting deer. There was no significant difference in total leukocyte count (WBC) between excited and resting wild males, while a marked increase of WBC with neutrophilia was observed in excited wild females. RBC and PCV were significantly higher and MCH was lower in excited males than in excited females. In wild deer, WBC was significantly higher in females than in males, but there was no significant difference in WBC between farmed males and females. Sex differences in the hematological parameters were not observed in fawns (10 months).

Anesthesia↗