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Biomedical subjects

Y Mino

Publications and source records attributed to Y Mino.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Studies on the conformational aspects of inulin oligomers.

The conformational studies of inulin oligomers from G-F2 to G-F9, which isolated from Platycodon grandiflorum, suggested a plausible conformational change between G-F7 and G-F8 from the trends in their chemical shift patterns and molecular rotation; the oligomers higher than G-F8 would form some secondary conformations more rigid than shorter oligomers. On the other hand, spin-lattice relaxation (T1) studies of the protons proposed through-space interactions of 2- and 4-H's of glucose moiety in G-F5, presumably with some atom(s) of the terminal fructose moiety. This would reflect that the inulin molecule adopts a 5/1 helix.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1992

[Relationship between alcohol use and depressive/anxiety symptoms among a general population: a review of literature].

Studies of a relationship between alcohol use and depressive/anxiety symptoms among a general population are reviewed, regarding characteristics of subjects, study design, methods for evaluation of alcohol use and of psychiatric symptoms, and consideration of confounding factors, such as age and sex. The authors concluded that there could be some relationships between alcohol use and psychiatric symptoms. However, they found that there were differences in findings among the studies. There might be a possibility that an existence and forms of the relationship differ by sex and by methods for evaluation of alcohol use. The relationship among Japanese might be different from that among people in Western countries. The authors emphasize that further epidemiological studies are required and point out some conditions with which the studies should satisfy.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1991

Methylphenidate and interpersonal relationships of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

In order to clarify the effects of methylphenidate on interpersonal relationships of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), data from sociometric tests conducted in 28 classes to which ADHD children belonged was analyzed, comparing patients who had a history of methylphenidate treatment with those who had not. It was suggested that ADHD children with a history of methylphenidate treatment had more favorable votes and fewer unfavorable ones than those without it. However, there were more isolated children among ADHD children with methylphenidate treatment than in those without it. The results are discussed in the light of previous findings in the literature and a hypothesis for methylphenidate induced isolation is proposed.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1991

[An elderly case of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with herpes zoster, anemia, and hemiparesis].

An elderly case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with suspected hemolytic anemia was experienced. A 70 year-old female was admitted to our hospital on December 31 with complaints of herpetic eruption. She complained of arthralgia since 3 month prior to her admission. The positive findings on examination were skin eruption in the left chest, a systolic heart murmur and a palpable elastic hard liver. Laboratory data showed raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 149 mm per hour, decreased Hb (10.1 g/dl), decreased hematocrit (30.0%), increased reticulocytes (33%1000), decreased thrombocytes (73,000/mm3), increased gamma-globulin (33%) and positive rheumatoid factor. During admission, she developed anemia. A stool test for occult blood was negative. The haptoglobin was 38.8 mg/dl and bone marrow aspiration showed increased erythropoiesis, suggesting features of immune hemolytic anemia, except she was negative on Coomb'test. Eye fundi were similar to case of typical bleeding observed in SLE. Concerning immunological findings, the antinuclear factor was x 1280 and the anti-dsDNA antibody was x 80, on which a diagnosis of SLE was based. She experienced numbness of the left arm and developed left hemiparesis 2 days later. Therapy with 15 mg/day prednisone obtained a good response and anemia, abnormal immunological findings and hemiparesis disappeared.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[A review on mental health and psychiatric services in England].

Psychiatric care in Japan has received criticism not only within Japan but from other parts of the world. By contrast, the services for mentally ill in England is considered to be superior and is therefore presented briefly to benefit the development of better community psychiatric care in Japan. The history of psychiatric services in England is described briefly. After World War II, deinstitutionalization has been occurring and the in-patient rate per 100,000 population which was 354 in 1954 and has decreased to 120 in 1990. Despite a decrease in the in-patient rate, the admission rate per 100,000 population has been increasing gradually during this period. Deinstitutionalization process and the development of community care services are summarized. Among these are alternative services such as primary care, day care and residential services in the community which are considered to be important elements. Problems associated with deinstitutionalization process are also discussed. In developing community care services in Japan, lessons can be learned from the success and failures of England's attempt over the last 30-years to build a better, more community-based system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A comparative study of psychiatric services in Japan and England.

Psychiatric services in Japan and England are compared using government statistics. In Japan, the number of in-patients per 100,000 population has increased from the 1950s, while that of England has decreased since 1954. Since 1972 the prevalence of in-patients has been higher in Japan than in England. The admission rate is lower in Japan than in England, and there are more long-stay patients. Most Japanese in-patients are admitted compulsorily, whereas most are admitted voluntarily in England. The attendance at out-patient clinics is higher in Japan than in England, but there are far fewer day-hospital places in Japan. Differing government policies are the main reason for these differences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Inorganic chemical approaches to pharmacognosy. VII. X-ray fluorescence spectrometric studies on the inorganic constituents of crude drugs. (5). The relationship between inorganic constituents of plants and the soils on which they are grown.

Inorganic constituents of the leaves of several kinds of plants growing on different soil types were investigated using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) Each plant exhibited a characteristic metals profile, even if they were grown on similar soil types. (2) As we would expect, the metals profile of the plant leaves depends on the inorganic constitution of the soil on which it is grown. However, the degree of the influence of the soil types on the metals profile of the plant differs according to the kind of inorganic element: Ca and Cu are almost independent of the soil types, but the Ti and Fe content is dependent upon the soil types. (3) Sr content of plant leaves is closely related to the ratio of Sr to Ca of the soil on which the plants are grown. (4) This information should be helpful in identifying the producing district or original plant of a crude drug by its metals profile.

Japan↗
PubMed1990

Inorganic chemical approaches to pharmacognosy. VIII. Determination of selenium in crude drugs by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.

Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry following sample decomposition and preconcentration was developed to determine selenium in crude drugs. Samples were decomposed with conc. HNO3 and conc. H2SO4 in a flask with a reflux condenser. Evaporation of HNO3 had to be avoided to prevent serious loss of this element. Selenium was preconcentrated from the digestion liquid by two-step reduction with 4M HCl and ascorbic acid, the elemental selenium formed was adsorbed on activated carbon and then collected on a Nuclepore membrane filter for direct irradiation in an X-ray spectrometer. This analytical method (detection limit, 0.03 ppm) was used to determine selenium in many kinds of crude drugs. The analytical results indicated vegetable drugs to be low in selenium content: more than 0.5 ppm in only a limited number of samples and less than detection limit (0.03 ppm) in nearly all the samples. Animal drugs contain selenium at higher levels, Lumbricus and Cantharis being 7.46 and 1.67 ppm, respectively.

Plant Extracts↗
PubMed1990

Inorganic chemical approaches to pharmacognosy. V. X-ray fluorescence spectrometric studies on the inorganic constituents of crude drugs. (3). On the cinnamomi cortex.

Inorganic constituents of many Cinnamomi Cortices (64 samples; almost all obtained commercially on the Osaka market) were investigated using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) The Cinnamomi Cortex contains K, Ca, and Fe (except for Japanese cinnamon) at lower levels than those of orchard leaves, while Mn and Sr are present at high levels. (2) A feature of the metals profile of Cinnamomi Cortex is high Mn-content. Especially, Chinese cinnamon (originated from Cinnamomum cassia) contains at extremely high levels, 300-900 ppm, whereas Mn concentrations of Java and Japanese cinnamons range from 100 to 300 ppm, and those of Ceylon cinnamon ranged from 50 to 150 ppm. (3) The contents of Mn and Rb depend on the kind of Cinnamomi Cortex, making identification possible.

Cinnamomum zeylanicum↗
PubMed1990

Caffeine consumption among medical students.

Recently, caffeine consumption in Japan is thought to have increased. Although caffeine had been considered to be harmless, there have been studies which suggests an association between caffeine and health and give rise to vigorous discussion. However, in Japan, there have been few epidemiological studies on caffeine consumption among a general population. A questionnaire survey was conducted among medical students and the results were as follows: 1) High dose users (estimated daily caffeine use is 250 mg or more) were observed in 15.2% and the proportion was higher in males than in females. 2) The respondents gave sleepiness, dry mouth and so on, as reasons for taking caffeine beverages, and gave, as the effects of caffeine, becoming clear-headed, shaking off sleepiness, and epigastric discomfort or pain. 3) A third of respondents have experienced taking caffeine tablets and ampules to shake off sleepiness and, in males, the more caffeine they had daily, the more who reported the experience. 4) Caffeine consumption has an association with alcohol use and smoking habit among males.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Caffeine consumption and anxiety and depressive symptomatology among medical students.

Caffeine is one of the most widely consumed psychoactive substances in the world and is ingested in a variety of favorites, such as coffee, tea, cola and so on. Although it has been suggested that high dose caffeine users have more anxiety and depressive symptoms than low users, this relationship is not clear in Japan, where caffeine consumption is considered to be less than in Western countries. A questionnaire survey was conducted among medical students and 291 out of 423 initial subjects completed it. Among males, caffeine consumption was significantly and positively correlated with anxiety symptoms, when alcohol use and smoking habit were adjusted. However, there was no relationship between caffeine consumption and depressive symptoms. Among females, although there was no association between caffeine consumption and anxiety symptoms, high dose caffeine users showed less depressive symptoms than moderate and low users, when alcohol use was adjusted. It is suggested that caffeine use is one of the important factors, in researching psychological health among the general population. We need further epidemiological studies to determine whether there is a causal relationship between caffeine and psychological ill health or not.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Isolation of children with attention deficit disorder in their classrooms].

The isolation of children with attention deficit disorder (ADD) among peers was examined by conducting sociometric tests in 28 classrooms to which ADD children belonged. The conclusions are as follows: 1. Among ADD children, 39.3% were classified as isolated children who received no Social Choice votes, a proportion that was significantly higher than normal controls. 2. Results suggests that isolation was correlated with such characteristics of ADD children as higher grade in school, later first consultation and lower IQ levels. 3. Classroom characteristics which correlated with isolation of ADD children were larger number of children per class and stronger class cohesion. It is thought that reducing the number of children in each class will be effective in preventing isolation of ADD children. 4. The possibility of an association between assessment of parents for social relationships of ADD children and their isolation exists and needs to be assessed. The authors emphasize the need for ADD children to have support in their interpersonal relationships, and discuss ways of intervention to prevent their being isolated in their classrooms.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

[Study of the changes in glomerular antigenicity in various renal diseases with anti-human renal monoclonal antibodies].

We produced 22 different kinds of monoclonal antibody (Mab) by immunizing mice with human GBM antigens. In these Mabs, Mab-G1 to G5 recognized only GBM in the glomerulus, Mab-E1 and E2 recognized only glomerular epithelial cells, and Mab-M1 to M4 recognized mainly mesangium. The reactions of these Mabs with known GBM antigens such as type IV collagen, fibronectin and laminin were negative by immunoblotting. Using Mab-G1, Mab-E1 and Mab-M1, changes in the antigenicity of antigens recognized by Mabs were examined on kidney sections from the patients with various renal diseases by the indirect immunofluorescence test. When Mab-G1 recognizing GBM was used, there was no particular change of antigenicity in minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) and IgA nephropathy (IgA), whereas in membranous nephropathy (MN) thickened GBM was found to maintain antigenicity and the region of deposits was observed as negative punched-out region. In type I and III of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), GBM was observed only outside of subendothelial deposits without showing double contour. In type II MPGN, GBM showed a double linear pattern and antigenicity of GBM in regions of dense deposits was not detected. When Mab-E1 recognizing glomerular epithelial cells was used, there was no change of antigenicity in the renal diseases. Further, in crescentic glomerulonephritis, the region of the cellular crescents was not stained. When Mab-M1 recognizing mesangium was used, extensive staining was observed in the increased mesangium in IgA, MPGN, and diabetic nephropathy. We feel that it is of significance in elucidating the pathogenesis of renal diseases to study the changes of glomerular antigenicity in diseased kidneys by using anti-human renal monoclonal antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Assay of GBM antigen in urine and serum with an anti-human renal monoclonal antibody].

Using a monoclonal antibody (Mab-G3) recognizing glomerular basement membrane (GBM), we assayed GBM antigen (G3-Ag) in the urine and serum of renal disease patients by sandwich ELISA. The subjects included normal control (NOR), minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), IgA nephropathy (IgA), membranous nephropathy (MN), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) and chronic renal failure (CRF). The urine and serum was used as the material. With urinary G3-Ag, there were no statistically significant differences among the NOR, MCNS, IgA, MN, MPGN and CRF groups. Although no correlation was observed with proteinuria, hematuria, serum creatinine, serum beta 2 microglobulin and urinary NAG, urinary G3-Ag showed a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in excretion in the group of progressive CRF patients with s-Cr more than 1.0 mg/dl/month as compared to the stationary CRF group with s-Cr less than 1.0 mg/dl/month. Serum G3-Ag showed lower values in almost all cases, and there were no significant differences among the renal disease groups. The above findings led us to believe that the assay of urinary G3-Ag was useful in determining the degree of GBM disorder. It was also presumed that assay of renal antigens in urine and serum with the respective anti-human renal monoclonal antibodies could be a new tool in diagnosing renal diseases.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Postpsychotic collapse in schizophrenia.

The hospital records of 46 schizophrenic patients were studied retrospectively for postpsychotic collapse (PPC), defined in terms of underactivity. PPC was observed in 38 (83%) patients. The duration of PPC was strongly correlated with the duration of the acute psychotic phase after therapy started, and weakly correlated with the mean dose of antipsychotics per day in the acute psychotic phase, and with age of onset. The authors discuss PPC in terms of the effect of antipsychotics, of psychological reaction, and of understimulation in the hospital setting.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Complement-mediated solubilization of immune complexes in immune complex nephritis].

In order to examine the ability of complement to solubilize the immune complexes (IC) in vivo, we made acute or chronic serum sickness nephritis in 10 rabbits or 12 rats with injection of BSA as antigen (Ag). Animals were divided into two groups. The 500 mu or 50 mu/week of cobra venom factor (CVF) for rabbits or rats was administered intraperitoneally in one group of animals to reduce the serum complement levels and complement-mediated solubilization of immune complex. On the other hand, the 2 ml or 0.2 ml/week of turpentine oil (TO) was injected intramuscularly in another group of animals to elevate the serum complement levels. The renal biopsy was performed with weekly intervals in each animals, and the specimens were stained for antigen (BSA), antibody (IgG) and C3 by immunofluorescence techniques. The result in this experiments showed the significant difference between TO-, and CVF-treated animals in the degree of disappearance of IC in the kidney lesions. The undetectable amount of IC (especially BSA) was remained in the renal tissue of TO-treated animals. This fact indicated that complement might act to solubilize the IC deposited in the tissue in vivo also.

Animals↗