PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Y Mitsuishi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Mitsuishi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Effects of the degree of polymerization on the binding of xyloglucans to cellulose.

Xyloglucan oligosaccharides were isolated with various degrees of polymerization (DP) and reduced with tritiated sodium borohydride. The 3H-oligosaccharides were tested for their ability to bind to amorphous and microcrystalline celluloses and to cellulose filter paper. The time course of binding indicated that the radiolabeled oligosaccharides continued to be bound for at least 1 h after heating at 120 degrees C. The binding probably required the organization of the oligosaccharides and celluloses by gradual annealing after heating. Although neither pentasaccharide (glucose: xylose, 3 : 2), heptasaccharide (glucose : xylose, 4 : 3) and nonsaccharide (glucose : xylose : galactose : fucose, 4 : 3 : 1 : 1) failed to bind to the celluloses, binding occurred with oligosaccharides with DP equivalent to more than four consecutive 1,4-beta-glucosyl residues. The extent of binding to the celluloses increased gradually from octasaccharide (glucose : xylose, 5 : 3) to hendecosanosaccharide (glucose/xylose, 12 : 9), with the increase in the DP of 1,4-beta-glucosyl residues. The binding of reduced cello-dextrins to cellulose required at least 4 consecutive 1,4-beta-glucosyl residues. The extent of binding of cellopentitol or cellohexitol to cellulose was similar to that of hendecosanosaccharide, showing lower binding for xyloglucan oligosaccharides in spite of longer chains of 1,4-beta-glucosyl residues. These findings suggest that the mode of binding to cellulose of xyloglucan oligosaccharides is different from that of cello-oligosaccharides.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1993

HLA associations with Menière's disease.

In order to investigate the genetic background of Menière's disease, histocompatibility (HLA) antigens in Japanese patients were studied. HLA-class I: HLA-A, -B and -C were typed by the classical microcytotoxicity technique, and HLA-class II: HLA-DR, DQ, and DP were typed by PCR-DNA typing methods. Twenty patient samples tested were selected very strictly following clinical data and classical criteria. Most of the patients had been suffering from typical symptoms during a considerably long period of time (16 +/- 7 years). Normal controls were based on the gene frequency in the Japanese population. Compared with the normal controls, a higher frequency of the DRB1*1602 subtype of HLA-DR2 was found in the patient group (chi 2 = 9,21, p < 0.04). P-values were corrected by multiplying by the total number of antigens. Additionally, HLA-Cw4 was increased, although the p-value was not significant after multiple antigen correction. There was no obvious relationship between the HLA-DRB1*1602 patients and the clinical data that included severity, age at time of onset, etc.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Disease effects and associations.

1. The most common disease leading to end-stage renal disease were IDDM for Whites (36%), hypertensive NS for Blacks (26%), and CGN for Hispanics (35%) and Asians (47%). These racial differences should be taken into account in analyzing outcomes with respect to disease. 2. Differences in graft survival associated with different primary diseases were more apparent among Whites than Blacks. Race, rather than disease, was the dominant factor. 3. One-year graft survival was consistently highest for patients with IgA nephropathy (87%) and poorest for patients with SLE (78%). The difference across the spectrum of original diseases was significant (p < 0.001). 4. About 84% of White diabetics and 90% of those under age 50 had an HLA-DR3 or 4 tissue type compared with 50% of White donors (p < 0.001). The 1-year graft survival rate was 80% for DR3 or 4 IDDM patients and 74% for non-DR3/4 patients (p < 0.001). Black IDDM patients also had a significantly increased frequency of DR3 and 4 compared with Black donors (46% vs 32%, p < 0.001) and a similar trend toward higher graft survival, although the difference was not significant. 5. Of Whites transplanted with SLE, 60% had HLA-DR2 or 3 compared with 47% of donors (p < 0.001) and those with DR2 or 3 had significantly higher 1-year graft survival rates. Similar trends were noted for Blacks with SLE. 6. HLA-DR2 was present in 46 of 72 patients (64%) transplanted for Goodpasture's syndrome, compared with 28% of donors. Despite the small numbers, 1-year grafts survival was significantly better in the HLA-DR2 group (p = 0.006). 7. Significantly higher graft survival rates were observed among patients with HLA-DR1 in non-HLA-DR-associated diseases (CGN, IN, NS, or PC) but not in HLA-DR-associated diseases such as IDDM and SLE. 8. There were significant differences in recipient age and sex distributions in the major disease groups. Blacks under age 50 had significantly poorer outcomes than comparable Whites. 9. Pretransplantation health status influenced graft outcome in all disease groups. Patients with IDDM or NS were generally less healthy and correspondingly more debilitated than patients with other diseases. 10. Diabetic given a simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplant had 83% 1-year graft survival compared with 78% for those given a kidney alone (p < 0.001).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

HLA matching effect on five-year graft survival and half-life in the cyclosporine era.

From 1984 to 1990, a 6 to 10% increase in one-year graft survival was noted for patients matched or mismatched for HLA A, B, or DR locus antigens. This improvement was not attributable to matching. In the cyclosporine era, five-year graft survival of 0-ABDR mismatched first cadaver donor transplants was 61% in contrast to 45% survival for the worst 6-antigen mismatched grafts. The long-term half-life of 0-ABDR mismatched grafts was 10.7 years, compared with 6.4 years for the 6-antigen mismatched transplants. The cumulative survival years (a measure of impact) were twice as high for 0-ADR, 0-BDR and 0-AB mismatched grafts compared with 0-ABDR mismatches. On the basis of cumulative survival, five-year survival, and half-life, one might suggest sharing kidneys for 1-2 ABDR mismatch, 1 BDR, 1-2 AB mismatch, and 1-ADR mismatch. Young patients (5 to 25 years old) had lower graft survival rates when receiving poorly mismatched grafts. HLA matching did not influence graft survival in Black recipients, whose half-lives were 3.8 to 4.6 years for all matching categories.

Cyclosporine↗
PubMed1992

[Progressive cerebellar ataxia with diencephalic symptoms (Toyokura)--a case report].

We reported a 16-year-old boy suffering from dwarfism, diabetes insipidus and progressive cerebellar ataxia. The disease entity here reported was originally reported by Toyokura et al. in 1967, under the title of "progressive cerebellar ataxia with diencephalic symptoms". Ten similar cases have been reported in literature so far, all of which were Japanese except for two sibling cases reported by Robinson et al. The topographic distribution of the lesion in this disorder, however, had been conjectured to be at spinocerebellar tract and diencephalon only on a clinical ground. By applying the modern techniques of neuroimaging, electrophysiological and endocrinological test in our patient, the authors were able to demonstrate the lesion of the disorder more precisely. CT and MRI of the head revealed degenerative changes in deeper structures of the bilateral cerebellar hemispheres. ABR abnormality suggested the presence of a wide lesion in the brain stem. Pituitary hormones (GH and ACTH) sufficiently responded to the loading of hypothalamic hormones such as growth hormone releasing factor and corticotropin releasing factor, in spite of poor responses of GH under the insulin stimulation or sleep. These clinical and laboratory findings suggested that the patient has a systemic degenerative disease which preferentially involves hypothalamus, brain stem and cerebellum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Recent improvements in cadaver-donor kidney retransplantation.

1. Since 1988, 1-year graft survival rates of first cadaver transplants have improved from 78 to 80% (p less than 0.01) in both the UCLA and UNOS Renal Transplant Registries. During the same period, regraft survival has improved from 66 to 75% (p less than 0.0001) in the UNOS data and from 67 to 70% in the UCLA Registry. 2. The UCLA Registry data show a decrease in the proportion of high-risk patients [based upon previous graft survival time (PGST) less than 6 months] retransplanted each year from nearly 50% in 1986 to 35% in 1990. This decrease in a dominant risk population may contribute to rapidly improving retransplant survival. 3. Retransplanted patients with a PGST less than 6 months had a 1-year regraft survival rate of 62% versus 74% for those with a PGST longer than 6 months. 4. Sensitization, a positive crossmatch by flow cytometry, HLA-DR mismatches, and Black race were significant high-risk factors in retransplant recipients with a short PGST. For long PGST patients who rejected their previous graft more than 6 months postoperatively, these factors were far less detrimental or had no influence on the outcome. 5. The flow cytometry crossmatch improved 1-year regraft survival from 34% in 30 positive cases to 65% in 28 negative cases for the short PGST patients. More sensitive crossmatch methods may also have contributed to improving regraft survival rates. 6. The 1-year regraft survival in HLA-DR matched short PGST patients was 64% versus 52% with 2 antigens mismatched (p less than 0.01). A yearly analysis of HLA-DR mismatching showed that the number of patients with 2-DR mismatches increased whereas those with no mismatches decreased. The importance of HLA-DR mismatches should be underscored for short PGST patients. 7. Blacks with a long PGST had the same high regraft survival as Whites through the first 3 years. Blacks with a short PGST had an 8% lower 1-year regraft survival rate than Whites (p less than 0.0001). 8. Although patient selection and screening tests for preformed antibody may have contributed to rising regraft survival, the concomitant rise in first transplant survival suggests that improvements in immunosuppression strategies and patient management are also beginning to affect outcomes in the multicenter data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

UCLA and UNOS Registries. Overview.

The subjects of this study were transplant recipients entered in the UCLA Registry file since 1984 and in the UNOS Registry since 1987. [table: see text] 5. Based on the data above, we conclude that the near 20% loss rate in the first year can be roughly allocated as follows: death 3%, technical 3%, agonal kidney damage 6%, and histocompatibility differences 7%. 6. The quality of HLA typing was assessed by examining the frequencies of the various specificities reported for cadaver donors in 8 yearly periods from 1984 to 1991. The A and B loci specificities were remarkably constant. The DR specificities were still undergoing stabilization. 7. No urine output on the first day, which occurred in approximately 10% of the first cadaver-donor transplants, resulted in about a 20 percentage point lower graft survival rate at 1 year. 8. Anuria on the first day increased with cold ischemia time, donor age, cerebral vascular accident donors, and retransplant recipients. 9. Graft survival with anuria on the first day and: [table: see text] 10. When dialysis was required during the first week, there was an approximate 15 percentage point decrease in 1-year graft survival in 25% of the patients. 11. One rejection in the first hospitalization period resulted in 67% 1-year graft survival. More than 1 rejection led to 57% 1-year graft survival. 12. Serum creatinine at discharge was an accurate indicator of subsequent graft survival. Approximately a 7 percentage point drop in 1-year graft survival was noted with each unit of serum creatinine above 2.0 mg/dl.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Site-directed mutagenesis of the putative catalytic residues of Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase I and endoglucanase I.

Site directed mutagenesis has been performed to test hypotheses concerning the putative active sites of Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase I and endoglucanase I. It is shown that mutagenesis of the residue E126, previously proposed to be the proton donor in CBHI, did not totally inactivate the enzyme while mutagenesis of the residue E127 in the homologous enzyme EGI resulted in complete loss of activity. These results are compared with those obtained in similar studies of other glucanases and the effects on enzymatic activity of hyperglycosylation of the yeast produced cellulases are discussed.

Catalysis↗
PubMed1990

[Assessment of lumbar trabecular bone density by means of single energy quantitative CT in hospital control children and bone metabolic disorders. 1].

We studied the 3rd lumbar vertebral trabecular bone mineral density in 59 cross-sectional pictures of quantitative computed tomography (QCT) with CaCO3 phantom for 28 hospital control children and 30 cases of suspected bone metabolic disorders. The QCT value of bone mineral density of control children showed neither age dependency nor sexual difference before puberty: for males was 221.8 +/- 30.2 mg CaCO3/cm3 (Mean +/- SD) under 4 years, 218.1 +/- 39.7 at 5-9 years and 217.2 +/- 30.9 at 10-15 years; and for females 220.9 +/- 18.3 under 4 years and 240.0 +/- 29.4 at 5-9 years. The QCT values of bone mineral density in bed-ridden patients, children receiving glucocorticoids and children receiving anticonvulsants were significantly lower than that in control children (p less than 0.005). The QCT value of bone mineral density of bed-ridden patients was significantly lower than that of children receiving glucocorticoids and of children receiving anticonvulsants (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.005 respectively). Our study confirmed that single energy quantitative CT was very useful in pediatric clinical application.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Routine HLA-DP typing by RFLP analysis.

HLA-DP typing using the Primed Lymphocyte Test (PLT) is a long and cumbersome technique requiring DP sensitized clones and bulk reagents. We describe here the use of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. This method is quicker and was found to be reliable after comparative analysis of the results between PLT and RFLP in 15 local families and 72 core cell lines from the Tenth International Histocompatibility Workshop.

DNA Probes↗
PubMed1986

New human MHC class I antigens segregating with HLA-A antigens detected on some lymphocyte subpopulations.

Recent genetic studies of the murine chromosome 17 have demonstrated that many genes encode class I antigens, most of which are still not detected serologically; most of these genes belong to the Tla region. Five human alloantisera were selected from 383 female sera and were further studied using a panel of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), B lymphocytes (BL), and PHA activated lymphocytes (PHA-L) from the same blood donors. After intensive platelet absorption, the five sera still reacted positively by a complement-dependent cytotoxicity technique with PHA-L, but negatively with PBL and BL. The antigens detected by these antibodies segregated with an HLA-A allele and were assumed to belong to the class I antigen series as they could be blocked by a turkey anti-beta 2 microglobulin serum. They were found on some lymphocyte populations: PHA-L, common acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL) cells, and (preliminary results) a small subpopulation of PBL cells (mostly NK cells), but were not found on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, T and early T acute lymphoblastic as well as myeloblastic leukemia cells. Kinetic studies showed that several hours of culture with PHA were necessary for the antigen to be expressed. These results show that the antigens described do not belong to the classic HLA antigen series but could be considered to belong to the human Qa-like antigens or to be the human counterpart to the second murine H-2K locus antigens.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1986

[Expression of class I and class II markers on populations of leukemic cells].

The study of class I and class II antigen expression on leukemic cells brought the following conclusions: most of the leukemic cells show a slower number of class I antigenic sites than normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) but, in most cases, this does not hinder HLA typing; contrarily to normal PBL, leukemic cells seem to carry "non HLA" antigens (and/or non classical HLA antigens) which are probably responsible of the false positive reactions frequently observed at the time of HLA typing; most of the leukemic cell types express DR antigens (except those belonging to the T lineage) but DQ antigen expression (and in some cases MT antigen expression) varies depending on the cell type studied: well defined on mature B hemopathies, DQ expression is often lower than DR expression on acute leukemic cell types.

HLA Antigens↗
PubMed1985

Natural HLA antibodies.

"Natural antibodies" directed against antigens of the Major Histocompatibility Complex have been observed in aged mice but very seldom in humans. It is likely that HLA natural antibodies are more common than previously supposed: our results suggest they may be found in 1% of normal blood donors. Most of these antibodies seem to be weak and can only be detected when B lymphocytes (BL) are used as target cells in the lymphocytotoxicity technique or when indirect immunofluorescence is used with peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The behavior of these natural IgM antibodies was compared to that of weak immune IgG HLA antibodies detected in the same way. Absorption tests showed that "natural antibodies" were very specifically absorbed, whereas "immune antibodies" could also be absorbed by cells not carrying the specific antigen. Furthermore, about half of the "natural antibodies" detected to date carried the HLA-B8 specificity. Various hypotheses have been put forward to attempt to explain the appearance of these antibodies.

Adult↗