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Biomedical subjects

Y Miyagi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Miyagi.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Increased expression of schwannoma-derived growth factor (SDGF) mRNA in rat tumor cells: involvement of SDGF in the growth promotion of rat gliomas.

Schwannoma-derived growth factor (SDGF) is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, having mitogenic activity on rat astrocytes, fibroblasts and Schwann cells. The SDGF gene is significantly expressed in the newborn rat lung and in the adult rat sciatic nerve. However, except for one rat schwannoma cell line, from which SDGF and its cDNA were isolated, nothing is known about SDGF expression in established tumor cell lines. We examined the expression level of the SDGF gene in a variety of rat tumor cell lines by Northern blotting and found that it was increased in 11 of 25 established lines. The most abundant SDGF mRNA, which was about 50-fold higher than in the newborn rat lung, was expressed in rat liver adenoma dRLa74 cells. In rat glioma cell lines, such as C6, 9L and T9, and in the rat hepatoma dRLh84 and H411E cells, the SDGF expression level was about 10-fold higher than in the newborn rat lung. In 8 of 13 cell lines expressing SDGF mRNA, the EGF receptor (EGFR) gene, the product of which is regarded as a functional receptor of SDGF, was co-expressed. In addition, transfected gene-dependent anti-sense SDGF RNA expression under the control of the human metallothionein promoter significantly suppressed the in vitro growth as well as in vivo tumorigenicity of 9L glioma cells. Our results suggest that SDGF acts as an autocrine growth factor in the development and growth of rat tumors such as gliomas.

Amphiregulin↗
PubMed1996

P2U receptor is linked to cytosolic Ca2+ transient and release of vasorelaxing factor in bovine endothelial cells in situ.

1. With the use of front-surface fluorimetry and fura-2-loaded strips of bovine aortic valve, we characterized the [Ca2+]i transients induced in endothelial cells in situ using a non-selective purinergic agonist (adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)), and selective agonists for P2X (alpha, beta-methylene ATP), P2Y (2-methylthio-ATP (2MeSATP)) and P2U (uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP)) purinoceptors and an unrelated agonist bradykinin (BK). 2. Double staining with fura-2 and acetylated low-density lipoprotein labelled with 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-indo-carbocyanine perchlorate showed that the fura-2 fluorescence arose exclusively from a single monolayer of endothelial cells covering the surface of the valvular strips. 3. All nucleotides (ATP, UTP and 2MeSATP) induced an elevation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), with an initial transient peak and a subsequent lower sustained elevation. Blockade of the Ca2+ influx with 1 mM Ni2+ did not affect the peak levels of the [Ca2+]i transients, whereas it abolished the sustained increases in [Ca2+]i induced by these nucleotides. 4. The potency order of these nucleotides was 2MeSATP > ATP > UTP, while the order of the maximum responses was UTP = ATP > 2MeSATP. alpha, beta-Methylene ATP (up to 1 mM) had only a minimal effect. 5. Prolonged exposure to ATP or UTP, at concentrations giving a maximum response, desensitized the responses to ATP, UTP and 2MeSATP, but not to BK. Prolonged exposure to 2MeSATP at concentrations giving a maximum response did not desensitize the responses to UTP or BK, but did desensitize those to ATP and 2MeSATP. Prolonged exposure to BK did not induce heterologous desensitization to any of the three nucleotides. 6. [Ca2+]i elevation in valvular endothelial cells induced by UTP was associated with the relaxation of adjacent vascular medial strips precontracted with U-46619, the stable analogue of thromboxane A2. 7. We conclude that: (1) the peak elevation of the [Ca2+]i transient induced by these nucleotides is independent of extracellular Ca2+, which therefore suggests the release of intracellular Ca2+ and, (2) mature endothelial cells in situ, in a valvular preparation, have a common receptor for ATP and UTP (nucleotide or P2U receptor), which coexists with the P2Y receptor. Thus we propose that the activation of the nucleotide receptor, P2U, induces [Ca2+]i elevation in endothelial cells in situ, and thus leads to the release of vasorelaxing factors.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1996

A nude mouse Wilms' tumor line (KCMC-WT-1) derived from an aniridia patient with monoalleleic partial deletion of chromosome 11p.

BACKGROUND: A candidate tumor suppressor gene, WT-1, is believed to have an important role in the pathogenesis of Wilms' tumor, especially that occurring in patients with congenital aniridia. METHODS: To obtain a stable tumor line to work with, Wilms' tumor tissue was serially transplanted in athymic nude mice. Biopsied Wilms' tumor tissue, derived from an aniridia patient, was transplanted subcutaneously to an athymic nude mouse, and then transplanted serially. Histopathologic and molecular biologic studies were performed on the xenotransplants. RESULTS: The aniridia patient showed partial deletion in one short arm of chromosome 11, which bears the WT-1 gene. The tumor was successfully transplanted in the nude mouse. Although the tumor contained blastemic, organoid, and stromal histologic elements, the organoid element began to decrease after more than 20 passages. Cytogenetic analysis revealed an additional abbreviation of one long arm of chromosome 6. Dot blot analysis showed that the copy number of WT-1 gene was decreased to half the amount in the tumor, in spite of the WT-1 transcript with normal size detected by Northern blotting. CONCLUSIONS: The tumor is expected to bear one WT-1 gene with minute abnormalities as well as one congenitally deleted gene. This tumor line is useful when examining the effect caused by introduction of WT-1 gene to Wilms' tumor in vivo.

Alleles↗
PubMed1996

Von Hippel-Lindau tumour suppressor gene. Localization of expression by in situ hybridization.

Inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumour suppressor gene is responsible not only for VHL disease, but also for sporadic renal cell carcinoma and cerebellar haemangioblastoma. The distribution of VHL gene expression in the mouse embryo was recently studied by in situ hybridization, along with human VHL in 14-week-old fetal kidney: there was widely distributed expression in the former and expression in the tubules and blastema in the latter. Adult human tissue and other fetal organs were not examined. The present paper describes an in situ hybridization study to assess the function of the VHL gene in adult human tissues and in tissues of human fetus at 28 weeks of gestation. The expression of the VHL gene was limited to the adult and fetal brain and kidney, and the adult prostate. Nerve cells in adult and fetal brain were positive, including the cerebellar Purkinje cells. In adult and fetal kidney, the proximal tubular epithelium, the putative origin of the common type of renal cell carcinoma, showed intense signal, whereas the distal nephron, glomeruli, and nephrogenic blastema showed no significant signal. The prostate showed significant signal in the basal epithelium. The adrenal, pancreas, and epidydimis showed no significant signal, in spite of the frequent occurrence at these sites of neoplastic or hamartomatous lesions in VHL disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Cloning of the cDNA encoding mouse PP5/TFPI-2 and mapping of the gene to chromosome 6.

Placental protein 5 (PP5)/tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) is a new homologue of TFPI, which contains three tandemly repeated Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitory (KPI) domains and potently inhibits the extrinsic blood coagulation cascade. In this study, mouse PP5/TFPI-2 cDNA was cloned using a human PP5/TFPI2 cDNA fragment as a probe. The characteristic three KPI domains with short spacer sequences and a basic amino acid stretch in the carboxyl-terminal region present in human PP5/TFPI-2 were well conserved in mouse PP5/TFPI-2. In general, the P1 reactive site residues of active KPI domains are basic amino acids. However, the putative P1 residues of the first, second, and third KPI domains were glutamine, aspartic acid, and serine, respectively. Mouse PP5/TFPI-2 mRNA was highly expressed in developing placenta as in humans. Adult liver and kidney also contained a significant amount of its transcripts. The mouse PP5/TFPI-2 gene was found to be located in the R-positive A2 band by the direct R-banding FISH and identified at 2.7 cM proximal to D6Mit 1 by interspecific backcross analysis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Differential expression of laminin-5/ladsin subunits in human tissues and cancer cell lines and their induction by tumor promoter and growth factors.

We previously reported a new laminin variant containing laminin gamma 2 (or B2t) chain, ladsin, which exerted prominent cell-scattering, cell-adhesion, and cell-migration activities. In the present study, this laminin was further characterized, and gene expression of its three subunits in various human tissues and cancer cell lines was examined by Northern blotting. cDNA cloning of the largest subunit of ladsin and partial amino acid sequencing of its beta (or B1) subunit revealed that ladsin was identical to laminin-5 (kalinin/epiligrin/ nicein). Among various human tissues, placenta, lung, and fetal kidney expressed high levels of mRNAs for the three subunits of laminin-5 (laminin alpha 3EPA, beta 3, and gamma 2 chains). Most gastric and squamous carcinoma cell lines constitutively expressed all of the three subunit mRNAs, while other types of carcinoma cell lines expressed one or two of them. The tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) strongly enhanced the gene expression of the three subunits, increasing 2 to 8-fold the secretion of laminin-5 from carcinoma cells into culture medium. However, TPA treatment did not increase the secretion of laminin beta 1 chain, a subunit of laminins-1, -3, and -6. The unique properties and inducibility by TPA and EGF of laminin-5 suggest that it is associated with growth and migration of cancer cells.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1996

Dual regulation of cerebrovascular tone by UTP: P2U receptor-mediated contraction and endothelium-dependent relaxation.

1. The mechanisms of vascular tone regulation by extracellular uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP) were investigated in bovine middle cerebral arterial strips. Changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and force were simultaneously monitored by use of front-surface fluorometry of fura-2. 2. In the arterial strips without endothelium, UTP (0.1 microM-1 mM) induced contraction in a concentration-dependent manner. However, when the endothelium was kept intact, cumulative application of UTP (0.1-100 microM) (and only at 1 mM) induced a modest phasic contraction in arterial strips. This endothelium-dependent reduction of the UTP-induced contraction was abolished by 100 microM N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG) but not by 10 microM indomethacin. In the presence of intact endothelium, UTP (30 microM) induced a transient relaxation of the strips precontracted with 30 nM U-46619 (a stable analogue of thromboxane A2), which was completely inhibited by pretreatment with L-NOARG but not with indomethacin. 3. In the endothelium-denuded strips, the contractile response to UTP was abolished by desensitization to either ATP gamma S or ATP (P2U receptor agonists), but not by desensitization to alpha, beta-methylene-ATP (P2x receptor agonist) or to 2-methylthio-ATP (P2Y receptor agonist). Desensitization to UTP abolished the contractile response to ATP. 4. In the endothelium-denuded artery, a single dose application of UTP induced an initial transient, and subsequently lower but sustained increase in [Ca2+]i and force. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, UTP induced only the initial transient increases in [Ca2+]i and force, while the sustained increases in [Ca2+]i and force were abolished. UTP (1 mM) had no effect on the basic [Ca2+]i-force relationship obtained on cumulative application of extracellular Ca2+ at steady state of 118 mM K(+)-depolarization-induced contraction. 5. We conclude that in the presence of an intact endothelium, UTP-induced relaxation of preconstricted middle cerebral artery is mainly mediated indirectly, by the production of an endothelium-derived relaxing factor, but at high doses of UTP, vascular smooth muscle contraction is mediated directly via activation of P2U purinoceptor and [Ca2+]i elevation without Ca(2+)-sensitization of the contractile apparatus. UTP may thus exert a dual regulatory effect upon cerebrovascular tone, but in cases where the endothelium is impaired, it may also act as a significant vasoconstrictor.

15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5↗
PubMed1995

Trypsinogen expression in human ovarian carcinomas.

Increased secretion of matrix metalloproteinases and serine proteinases is well known to be associated with cancer invasion and metastasis. We aimed to elucidate the implication of trypsin, a serine proteinase and a representative digestive enzyme in invasion and metastasis of human carcinomas. Northern blot, RT-PCR and Western blot analyses and immunohistochemical studies were performed to detect and analyze trypsinogen expression in 5 ovarian carcinoma cell lines and 10 human ovarian carcinoma tissues using a DNA probe for trypsinogen I, and monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to human trypsin I. Among the 5 ovarian carcinoma cell lines, only the MCAS (mucinous cystadenocarcinoma) cell line showed a high level of trypsinogen production and mRNA expression by Western and Northern blot analyses, respectively. However, Southern blot analysis of RT-PCR products could detect considerable levels of trypsinogen mRNA in all ovarian cancer cell lines. In Northern analysis of ovarian cancer tissues, all advanced cancer samples showed trypsinogen gene expression. Serous cystadenocarcinomas exhibited particularly high levels of gene expression. Immunohistochemical staining also detected trypsin in ovarian carcinoma tissues. In contrast, normal ovaries and tumors with low malignant potential did not show trypsinogen expression. Our results demonstrate the extra-pancreatic production and distribution of trypsinogen in human ovarian carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Elevated levels of eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF-4E, mRNA in a broad spectrum of transformed cell lines.

Translation initiation factor eIF-4E, which binds to the 5' cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs, is believed to play an important role in the control of cell growth. Over-expression of eIF-4E in fibroblasts results in their malignant transformation. However, no information on eIF-4E expression in established transformed cell lines has been available. We report here that a variety of tumor cell lines, chemically, virally and oncogenically transformed, exhibit elevated levels of eIF-4E mRNA expression as compared to their normal counterparts. Overexpression of eIF-4E, which is normally rate-limiting in protein synthesis, may stimulate the translation of regulatory and oncogenic proteins involved in transformation.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Resting load regulates cytosolic calcium-force relationship of the contraction of bovine cerebrovascular smooth muscle.

1. We determined the effects of a change in preload, or resting load, on the development of force and on cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) during the contraction induced by high K+ depolarization and by the stable analogue of thromboxane A2, U-46619, using front-surface fluorometry and medial strips of bovine middle cerebral artery loaded with fura-2. 2. Increase in resting load of strips from 0.495 mN (low load; 0.85L(max)) to 1.98 mN (optimal load; L(max)) elevated resting levels of [Ca2+]i slightly, and, significantly, after a delay of a few seconds. The force developed by high K+ depolarization at resting load of 1.98 mN was much greater than that at a resting load of 0.495 mN (191.8% of that at 0.495 mN); however, there was no difference in [Ca2+]i elevation induced by high K+ depolarization between resting loads of 0.495 and 1.98 mN. 3. Both in the presence and absence of extracellular Ca2+, the force developed by U-46619 (0.1 microM) at resting load of 1.98 mN was also much greater than that at a resting load of 0.495 mN. Both in the presence and absence of extracellular Ca2+, there was no difference in the [Ca2+]i transients induced by U-46619 between two different resting loads. 4. The [Ca2+]i-force relationship during the contraction induced by high K+ depolarization was shifted to the left when the resting load was increased from 0.495 to 1.98 mN. At 0.495 mN resting load, this Ca(2+)-force relationship was shifted to the left by U-46619. This left-side shift of the curve by U-46619 was further enhanced by the increase in resting load from 0.495 to 1.98 mN. 5. The augmentation of force development induced by the change in resting load (from 0.495 to 1.98 mN) was not affected by a relatively specific inhibitor of protein kinase C, 1-(5-isoquinolinesulphonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydro-chloride (H-7; 10 microM). 6. We conclude that (1) at a given degree of [Ca2+]i elevation, the developed force induced by U-46619 was greater than that induced by high K+ depolarization, and (2) preload, or resting load (below optimal load), regulates contractile responsiveness of cerebrovascular smooth muscle to various stimulations, mainly by modulating the [Ca2+]i-force relationship, without affecting the extent of [Ca2+]i elevation. The results suggest the possibility that Ca(2+)-insensitive pathways may be involved in the stretch-dependent regulation of Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus in smooth muscle.

15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5↗
PubMed1995

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and smoking modify the prognosis of patients with coronary vasospasm.

A cardiovascular event analysis was performed in a subset of 80 consecutive patients with vasospastic coronary artery disease. During the follow-up period (30 +/- 2 months, mean +/- SD), 9 patients had vascular accidents, including acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and stroke (Group A), while the remaining 71 patients were eventfree (Group B). Serum total-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were not different between the two groups at the baseline as well as after follow-up. However, the HDL-C level at baseline was significantly lower in Group A (33.5 +/- 2.6 mg/dl) than in Group B (41.9 +/- 1.7 mg/dl, p < 0.05). The HDL-C level increased significantly during the follow-up in Group B (delta HDL-C: 6.2 +/- 1.2 mg/dl, p < 0.01), but not in Group A (delta HDL-C: -3.2 +/- 2.7 mg/dl). The HDL-C level after follow-up was significantly lower in Group A (30.3 +/- 2.9 mg/dl) than in Group B (48.1 +/- 1.5 mg/dl, p < 0.01). Current smokers at the end of the follow-up period were more prevalent in Group A (67%) than in Group B (11%, p < 0.01). Cardiovascular accidents occurred more often in current smokers (6/14, 43%) at the end of the follow-up than in current nonsmokers, including quitters (3/66, 5%; p < 0.05). The HDL-C level was increased significantly (delta HDL: 6.2 +/- 1.3 mg/dl, p < 0.01) in the latter patients, but not in the former (delta HDL: -0.4 +/- 2.9 mg/dl).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Angina, Unstable↗
PubMed1995

Seroepidemiological study of hepatitis delta virus infection in Okinawa, Japan.

A seroepidemiological study on hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection was conducted in the Okinawan islands, the area of Japan where hepatitis B virus infection is most prevalent. The subjects of this study included 116 asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers, 48 patients with chronic hepatitis (CH), 19 with liver cirrhosis (LC), and 11 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Among the 194 serum samples examined, a total of 10 (5.2%) were anti-HDV seropositive. Anti-HDV was detected in 2 (1.7%) of the 116 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, in 3 (6.3%) of the 48 patients with CH, and in 5 (26.3%) of the 19 with LC. However, none of the patients with HCC had detectable anti-HDV. Eight of the 10 were born in the Miyako island group and the remaining 2 on the main island of Okinawa. Since the subjects included 34 individuals who were living and/or born in the Miyako islands, the positive rate of anti-HDV in the islands was 23.5%. This study demonstrates the existence of an endemic area of HDV infection in Japan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

High proportion of false positive reactions among donors with anti-HCV antibodies in a low prevalence area.

Among 39,656 voluntary blood donors in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, 115 (0.29%) were repeatedly reactive for antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) by second generation (2nd-gen) passive hemagglutination assay (PHA). Positive serum samples were tested for anti-HCV using three different enzyme immunosorbent assays (ELISAs; Abbott 2nd EIA, UBI-HCV-EIA, JCC-2) and for HCV-RNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The 115 2nd-gen PHA-positive sera were divided into three groups according to the agglutination titers; > 2(10) (high titer group), 2(7)-2(9) (median), 2(5)-2(6) (low). All but one serum (44/45) in the high PHA titer group reacted in each of the three second screening ELISAs. Furthermore, 43 (97.7%) of the 44 sera contained HCV-RNA by PCR. In the median titer group, 11 of the 13 samples tested were positive by each of the three ELISAs, and 4 (36.4%) of the 11 showed reaction by PCR. On the other hand, all of the 38 sera tested in the low titer group were negative for HCV-RNA by PCR, and 24 of the 38 were also negative by each of the three ELISAs. Most of the low titer positive reactions in the 2nd-gen agglutination assay seemed to be false positive. In Okinawa Prefecture, the prevalence of anti-HCV among blood donors is much lower than in the rest of Japan (0.29% vs. 1.11%). Moreover, a significant proportion of these sera were low titer by the PHA assay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1995

Calcified convexity dura mater and acute epidural haematoma mimicking calcified chronic subdural haematoma.

We report a patient with calcification of the convexity dura mater and an acute epidural haematoma. CT revealed a calcified layer between the haematoma and brain parenchyma, which mimicked acute bleeding into a calcified chronic subdural haematoma. The appearance of a calcified haematoma does not always mean a "chronic" lesion, and that emergency operation should not be foregone, when there is a history of acute head trauma and progressive impairment of consciousness.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Cholesterol granuloma in the middle cranial fossa: report of two cases.

We report two cases of cholesterol granuloma in the middle cranial fossa. On CT the lesions appeared as a nonspecific, nonenhancing soft-tissue mass with bone erosion. On MRI they were seen as areas of high signal intensity surrounded by a low-intensity peripheral zone on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Cholesterol granuloma is thought to occur when pneumatised cells in the temporal bone become obstructed. Although this lesion usually occurs in the petrous bone, it can extend to the middle cranial fossa. The diagnosis and surgical management are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Susceptibility of plasma low density lipoprotein to cupric ion-induced peroxidation in patients with variant angina.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the peroxidative susceptibility of plasma low density lipoprotein in patients with active variant angina and to compare it with that in subjects without coronary spasm. BACKGROUND: Oxidized or modified low density lipoprotein can impair endothelium-dependent vasoregulation and has atherogenic properties; it may be related to the genesis of coronary artery spasm by potentiating agonist-induced vasoconstriction. METHODS: The sensitivity of plasma low density lipoprotein for cupric ion (Cu2+)-induced peroxidation was examined. Low density lipoprotein was isolated from plasma in 112 patients: 21 with active variant angina, 18 with inactive variant angina without anginal attacks during the preceding 6 months, 39 with significant organic coronary artery stenoses but without rest angina and 34 control subjects without coronary artery disease. Lipid peroxidation products in low density lipoprotein were assayed as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances before and after incubation with various concentrations of Cu2+ at 37 degrees C for 24 h. RESULTS: Significantly higher levels of generation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances from plasma low density lipoprotein after incubation with Cu2+ were seen in patients with active variant angina than in patients in the other three groups. The dose-response curve of low density lipoprotein peroxidation induced by Cu2+ shifted to the left in this group as compared with the curve in the other three groups. The vitamin E (alphatocopherol) content of low density lipoprotein fraction in these patients was significantly lower than that in the other groups. After > or = 6 months of an angina-free period in five patients with active variant angina, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances induced by 0.5 mumol/liter Cu2+ in low density lipoprotein were significantly decreased and vitamin E content was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that vitamin E-deficient plasma low density lipoprotein in patients with active variant angina is highly susceptible to peroxidative modification.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

Establishment of two rat osteosarcoma cell lines (YROS-1 and YROS-2) induced by radioactive phosphorus.

Two rat osteosarcoma cell lines, YROS-1 and YROS-2, were established from two experimental osteosarcomas and induced by internal irradiation with radioactive phosphorus. Both cell lines formed a monolayer cell sheet in vitro with focal piling. The YROS-1 cells were refractile and spindle or polygonal in shape, whereas the YROS-2 cells were flat, spread and polygonal in shape. Ultrastructurally, the YROS-1 cells had well-developed rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum with focal pericellular deposition of calcified matrix, whereas YROS-2 had abundant polysomes and intracytoplasmic filaments. Both cell lines grew stably with population doubling times of 23 and 39 h, respectively. Flow cytometry revealed that YROS-1 was rich in proliferating cells compared to YROS-2, with a higher colony-forming efficiency. YROS-1 showed high alkaline phosphatase activity, while YROS-2 possessed low activity. When subcutaneously transplanted into lumbodorsal area of athymic nude mice, only YROS-1 formed tumors with frequent lung metastasis.

Animals↗