PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Y Mogami

Publications and source records attributed to Y Mogami.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Ciliary beating in three dimensions: steps of a quantitative description.

We document a novel approach for quantitative assessment of ciliary activity, exemplified in rapid three-dimensional cyclic motion of the frontal cirri of Stylonychia. Cells held under voltage-clamp control are stimulated by step pulses to elicit reproducible hyperpolarization- or depolarization-induced ciliary motor responses. High-speed video recording at 200 fields per second is used for imaging ciliary organelles of the same cell in two perspectives: the axial view and, following cell rotation by 90 degrees, the lateral view. From video sequences of typically 1 s, the contours of the cirral images are determined and digitized. Computer programs are established to (1) reduce an observed image to a "ciliary axis", (2) sort series of axes by template to generate an averaged ciliary cycle in 2D-projection, and (3) to associate the generalized axial and lateral 2D-images for generation of a sequence of three-dimensional images, which quantitatively represent the cycle in space and time. The method allows us to produce predetermined perspectives of images selected from the ciliary cycle, and to generate stereo views for graphical representation of ciliary motion. The approach includes a potential for extraction of the complete microtubular sliding program of a cilium under reproducible electric stimulation of the ciliary membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Flagellar quiescence and transience of inactivation induced by rapid pH drop.

The effects of rapid pH drop on the flagellar movement of reactivated sea urchin sperm were studied by video microscopy and by a newly developed pH jump method. Triton-demembranated sperm were reactivated in a thin layer of the reactivation medium containing ATP and potassium acetate and supported by a ring-shaped Millipore filter stuck to the lower surface of a supported coverslip. The pH of the medium was lowered rapidly by dissolving acetic acid vapor abruptly introduced into a gap between the cover and slide. Flagellar beating ceased immediately when the pH of the reactivation medium was lowered. At least two types of cessation were distinguished: 1) "instantaneous" cessation in a bent form closely resembling those characteristic of steady-state beating before pH drop (waveform freeze), and 2) flagellar quiescence in a cane-shaped form resembling those characteristic of Ca-induced quiescence (cane-shaped quiescence). The flagellum again began beating if the pH was raised to normal but eventually was disintegrated by tubule sliding if the pH was left lowered. Field-by-field analysis of the transient movement of flagella becoming quiescent upon pH drop demonstrated that the proximal bend of the cane-shaped form corresponded to the principal bend of the steady-state beating in some flagella, but in others, to the reverse bend. These observations indicate that low pHs affect flagellar beating by interfering with sliding-bending conversion by a mechanism different from that previously reported.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Calcium and microtubule sliding in ciliary axonemes isolated from Paramecium caudatum.

Microtubule sliding was induced in axonemes obtained from isolated cilia of Paramecium caudatum when they were exposed to a reactivating solution containing ATP after mild treatment with trypsin. Over a very wide range of concentrations (1 nM-4 mM), Ca2+ in the reactivating solution had no effect on the proportion of axonemes that disintegrated as the result of microtubule sliding. Also, the velocity of sliding, determined by cinematography, and the polarity of the direction of sliding-force generation, determined by electron microscopy with regards to the base-to-tip axis of the cilium, were not affected by Ca2+. The results indicate that the Ca sensitivity, which is responsible for the ciliary reversal response, was removed from the axoneme, possibly as the result of trypsin treatment. It is thus unlikely that Ca sensitivity is attributable to the basic sliding machinery that powers ciliary movement.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Messenger role of calcium in ciliary electromotor coupling: a reassessment.

Electrophysiological and cell reactivation studies in Paramecium and other ciliates have established that depolarizing stimulation opens voltage-sensitive ciliary Ca2+ channels leading to an elevation in intraciliary Ca2+, a rapid 'reversal' in sliding-microtubule based ciliary activity and backward swimming. Regulation of cilia by hyperpolarization modulates the pitch and rate of forward locomotion. The control of this predominant behaviour has been a matter of controversy because ciliary conductances do not change with negative shifts from the resting potential. Recordings of ciliary responses during electrophysiological manipulation of the Ca driving force in the ciliates Stylonychia and Didinium now suggests that a crucial step in hyperpolarization-induced ciliary activation (HCA) is a reduction in intraciliary Ca2+ from a resting steady-state level. The data are discussed with respect to previous hypotheses for the regulation of HCA.

Animals↗