PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Y Morioka

Publications and source records attributed to Y Morioka.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Marked and prolonged depression of factor XIII after esophageal resection.

Anastomotic leakage is one of the most common complications of esophagectomy and, since Factor XIII is required for normal wound healing, we investigated the temporal changes in plasma Factor XIII following esophagectomy and hepatectomy. A control group of patients undergoing other abdominal operations was also studied. Factor XIII activity was determined before surgery and on postoperative days (POD) 1, 3, 7 and 14. The plasma levels of acute phase protein were also measured. The plasma Factor XIII activity decreased significantly in both the hepatectomy and control groups until POD 7, reaching the lowest level on POD 3. In contrast, the esophagectomy group showed significant decreases in Factor XIII levels throughout the postoperative study period, with a nadir with an average activity of 56 per cent on POD 7. Preoperative transferrin levels had a positive correlation with Factor XIII levels measured on POD 3 and there was also a positive significant correlation between Factor XIII activity and alpha 2-macroglobulin levels on POD 3. These results suggest that there is a marked and prolonged depression of plasma Factor XIII activity following esophagectomy which may be attributed to accelerated tissue demands, inadequate synthesis or increased degradation. Moreover, the severe and sustained decrease in Factor XIII activity may be related to poor wound healing after esophagectomy.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1992

Hepatic resection for minute hepatocellular carcinoma.

Twenty-three patients with minute hepatocellular carcinoma, defined as a solitary lesion less than or equal to 2 cm, underwent hepatectomy at our institute during the 10 years between January, 1979 and December, 1988. Hepatitis B surface antigen was positive in 4 patients and the preoperative serum alpha-fetoprotein level was within the normal range in 7 patients and slightly elevated (20-200 ng/mL) in 14 patients. Liver cirrhosis was present in 16 patients and chronic hepatitis in 6 patients. The diagnosis was first suspected from the results of periodic examinations, including echography and the measurement of alpha-fetoprotein, in all except one patient. Minor hepatic resection was performed in 22 patients, and lobectomy in one patient in whom the tumor was located centrally in the liver. Three patients died of hepatic failure in hospital following surgery, and the survival rates of the other 20 patients at 1, 3, and 5 years were 90, 79, and 61 percent, respectively. The prognostic factors that influenced long-term survival were investigated by comparing the survival curves. The only factor associated with a significant difference in survival was the severity of concomitant liver disease. Thus, severe cirrhosis is the main obstacle against the long-term survival of patients with minute hepatocellular carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Pulmonary metastatic nodules: CT-pathologic correlation.

To elucidate the characteristics of pulmonary metastatic nodules on high-resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) scans, a correlative computed tomographic (CT)-pathologic study was performed with five human lungs after autopsy. The relationship of metastatic nodules to pulmonary vessels was studied with HRCT scans, radiographs of the specimen, and stereomicroscopic study in 264 nodules 0.6-9.0 mm in diameter. On radiographs and stereomicroscopic images, 190 small nodules (less than 3 mm in diameter) were in contact with the pulmonary lobule on the central bronchovascular bundles (n = 33 [17.4%]), located between the central bronchovascular bundle and the perilobular structure (n = 127 [66.8%]), or attached to perilobular structures (n = 30 [15.8%]). On HRCT scans, 21 small nodules (11.1%) were located on the central bronchovascular bundle; 130 small nodules (68.4%), between the central bronchovascular bundle and the perilobular structure; and 39 small nodules (20.5%), on the perilobular structure. On radiographs and stereomicroscopic images, 43 of 74 large nodules (greater than 3 mm in diameter) (58%) compressed both bronchovascular bundles and perilobular structures. The central bronchovascular bundle was invaded in only 13 large nodules (18%).

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Different roles of IL-1 and TNF on hemodynamics and interorgan amino acid metabolism in awake dogs.

The present study examines the effects of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on various hemodynamic parameters and interorgan fluxes of amino acids, glucose, and lactate in chronically catheterized awake dogs. The dogs received 5 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 of either human recombinant IL-1 beta or TNF intravenously for 2 h. Hemodynamic parameters and substrate fluxes across the gut and liver were determined during and 2 h after discontinuation of the cytokine infusions. Substrate fluxes were calculated by blood flows and arteriovenous differences. Both IL-1 and TNF enhanced the uptake of alanine, uptake of lactate, and output of glucose by the liver. These changes were associated with elevated arterial levels of alanine and lactate while arterial levels of glucose decreased. Uptake of glutamine by the liver was reduced by either IL-1 or TNF infusions. The effects of IL-1 and TNF on the hemodynamic parameters and on gut amino acid metabolism varied with the cytokine infused. IL-1 produced hyperdynamic state, increased splanchnic blood flow, and enhanced glutamine uptake by the gut. TNF infusion did not cause a hyperdynamic state, nor did it alter the gut handling of amino acids. We conclude that IL-1 and TNF exert distinct different effects on the systemic and hemodynamic parameters and on interorgan balances of amino acids, glucose, and lactate across the gut and the liver.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1992

Prorenin-renin axis in synovial fluid in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.

This study was undertaken 1) to determine whether or not renin is present in synovial fluid in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and, if present, 2) to investigate whether it is synthesized in synovial fluid, or it is only transported from the circulation into the synovial cavity. The active renin concentration (indirect) was measured with angiotensin I radioimmunoassay kits. Inactive renin was converted into active renin with Sepharose-bound trypsin. Both active and inactive forms of renin were found in synovial fluid. They were significantly higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (n = 9) than in those with osteoarthritis (n = 16). In plasma, the concentration of inactive renin was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in the former. Albumin, transferrin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin and immunoglobulins G and M were also found in synovial fluid. In each disease, a plot of the log ratio of synovial fluid to the serum concentration against the log molecular weight of each protein gave an approximately straight line curve, suggesting that these proteins are derived from the circulation and are transported into the synovial cavity. In contrast, the ratio of synovial fluid to plasma concentrations of active renin was significantly higher than that predicted on the basis of the above-mentioned interrelationships in both diseases, whereas the ratio of inactive renin was significantly lower. These findings suggest that 1) inactive and active renin are filtered into the synovial fluid from the circulation, and that 2) inactive renin is converted into the active form in the fluid.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

The role of alkaline reflux in esophageal carcinogenesis induced by N-amyl-N-methylnitrosamine in rats.

It is now accepted that the incidence of esophageal carcinoma is highest in the middle thoracic region. Esophageal carcinoma after gastrectomy, however, has a tendency to develop in the lower thoracic region. These studies suggest a possible correlation between the development of esophageal carcinoma and gastrectomy, i.e., alkaline reflux into the esophagus. To elucidate this correlation, the role of alkaline reflux of duodenal contents in the development of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma induced by N-amyl-N-methylnitrosamine (AMN) was investigated in Wistar rats. The animals were divided into 3 groups; gastrectomized rats with or without regurgitation of duodenal contents into the esophagus, and control rats without gastrectomy. All received low doses of AMN for 8 weeks and were subsequently killed for pathological examination. Esophageal squamous-cell carcinomas were found only in gastrectomized rats with regurgitation. The carcinomas were found exclusively in areas of reflux esophagitis and were accompanied by severe dysplasia. Our results indicate that alkaline reflux of duodenal contents strongly contributes to the development of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Clinical pathology of endocrine tumors of the pancreas. Analysis of autopsy cases.

A clinicopathological analysis of endocrine tumors of the pancreas, using 800 autopsy cases (422 men, 378 women, mean age 78.7) was accomplished. The results were: (1) Endocrine tumors and similar lesions were found in 3% or 24 cases (25 lesions). Twenty lesions (20 cases) were found to be tumors and five lesions (five cases) were determined to be hyperplasia of Langerhans islets. (2) Incidence of tumor was 10% (6/60) in individuals having histological studies of all sections of the pancreas, and 1.6% (12/738) in individuals having histological studies of three random sections of the pancreas. (3) None of the cases with tumors and hyperplastic lesions showed symptoms of hormone production. (4) Immunohistochemical analysis revealed hormone production in all 20 tumor cases and multiple hormone production was found in 14 of these (70%). (5) Ductular or tubular structures were found in or adjacent to the tumors in 12 cases (60%) and hyperplasia in one case (20%). Langerhans islets, 500 microns or larger in size, were found in three lesions of the tumor (15%). Langerhans islets with the mean diameter of normal islets + 2 SD or larger also were found around five tumors (25%) and three hyperplasias (60%). The above findings suggest that endocrine tumors of the pancreas are prevalent and that they do not produce symptoms of excessive hormone production even though they do continue to produce hormones. Some of the endocrine tumors or hyperplasias develop from totipotent stem cells of the duct epithelia, and factors promoting the growth of Langerhans islets might exist.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Clinicopathologic features of the flat adenoma.

One hundred twenty-eight small flat adenomas (SFAs) were collected from 101 patients, and the clinicopathologic features were investigated. There were 91 adenomas with mild atypia, 20 with moderate atypia, and 17 with severe atypia. SFAs were found more often in males than in females, with a ratio of 3.4:1, and the malignancy rate in females (31.8 percent) was higher than in males (9.3 percent). About 38 percent of the patients had a history of colorectal carcinoma, and 65 percent had a history of colorectal neoplasms. Of 37 patients whose family history was traced, 21 had cancer families. SFAs were prone to be found in patients with a history of colorectal neoplasms and a cancer family. Malignancy rate increased with increasing size. The overall malignancy rate was 13.3 percent, which was considerably higher than that of ordinary small polypoid adenomas (2.8 percent). SFAs were situated more proximally (30.9 percent) than ordinary adenomas; however, there was no relationship between site and malignancy. All the lesions showed tubular adenomas, and there was no villous feature. A central depression was noted in 20 lesions, more frequently in adenomas with higher atypia. All but one adenoma with severe atypia showed a component of lower atypia, supporting the adenoma-carcinoma sequence.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

DNA ploidy pattern in rectal carcinoid tumors.

The nuclear DNA pattern of 22 rectal carcinoids was determined by cytophotometry of paraffin embedded tissues. The results were compared with clinical as well as histopathologic features of the tumor. Three of the carcinoids with synchronous or metachronous metastasis had aneuploid DNA pattern, whereas 19 tumors with no metastasis showed diploid DNA pattern. No other single clinical or pathologic feature of the tumor could predict more accurately the malignant potential and the subsequent course of the rectal carcinoid. It is concluded that DNA aneuploidy in rectal carcinoid tumors is not so rare as indicated by earlier studies and that it is a factor of significant prognostic value.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Surgical experience with nonparasitic cysts of the liver--the characteristics and constituents of cyst fluid.

Fifteen patients with nonparasitic hepatic cysts underwent surgery to relieve abdominal complaints, at the First Surgical Department, Tokyo University Hospital between 1966 and 1989. Total removal of the cyst was carried out in 14 of the patients, while puncture and aspiration only were performed in the other patient in whom a cyst had ruptured spontaneously, after which hemoperitoneum was observed at emergency laparotomy. The size of the cysts varied from 7-19 cm with a mean of 12.4 cm. Histological study revealed a congenital cyst in 14 patients and a cystadenoma in one. The epithelium lining of the internal surface of the congenital cysts was highly atrophic and desolated and often disappeared. Examination of the cyst fluid revealed the same concentration of electrolytes as in the serum. Hepatic enzyme levels were usually lower than in the serum, but lactic dehydrogenase and aminotransferase levels were elevated in a few cases. Tumor marker levels of the cyst fluid were higher than those in the serum in four of five patients examined.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A microspectrophotometric study of DNA ploidy patterns of colorectal adenomas.

Eighty-four adenomas (31 mild, 25 moderate, 28 severe atypia), 32 invasive carcinomas and 15 samples of normal mucosa were collected form polypectomy and surgically resected specimens, and their DNA ploidy patterns were examined by microspectrophotometry. The frequency of polyploidy and aneuploidy were 7% and 0% in normal mucosa, 13% and 0% in mild atypia, 20% and 44% in moderate atypia, 32% and 22% in severe atypia and 31% and 53% in invasive carcinomas, respectively. Furthermore, these abnormal ploidy patterns were found frequently in moderate atypia accompanying severe atypia and mild atypia accompanying moderate atypia. These findings suggest that adenomas with moderate atypia might be the early stage of histologically overt cancer. The thin-section method (4 microns or 7 microns) was useful for measuring regional DNA ploidy patterns of colorectal adenoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

Immunohistochemical study of the distribution of pancreastatin in endocrine tumors of the pancreas and in normal pancreatic tissue: analysis of autopsy cases.

Using sixteen cases (sixteen lesions) of endocrine tumor of the pancreas, found in 1,300 consecutive autopsy cases (661 men and 639 women; mean age, 79.0 years), we examined distribution patterns of pancreastatin (PST) in these endocrine tumors and in normal tissues around them, using immunohistochemical staining. In addition, the distribution patterns of PST was compared with those of insulin (INS), glucagon (GLU), somatostatin (SOM), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP), in these tissues. Normal islets of Langerhans were stained completely and evenly for PST. Two endocrine tumors did not stain for PST at all, six were partially stained, and eight were stained as densely as normal islets, or even more densely. Acinar cells were only partially stained for PST in 11 cases and showed scattered staining in three cases. Epithelial cells of ducts or ductuli were partially stained for PST in 10 cases and showed scattered staining in three cases. Distribution patterns of PST coincided with that of INS in 56% (9/16) of cases, GLU in 81% (13/16), SOM in 31% (5/16), and PP in 31% (5/16). In the eight tumors that were stained at least as densely for PST as normal islets, the staining pattern did not coincide with that of INS in any case (0%), coincided with that of GLU in all 8 cases (100%), and coincided with those of SOM and PP in one case each (13%). Therefore, the distribution of GLU-producing cells (A cells) coincided most closely with that of PST. It is concluded that most PST is secreted from A cells in human pancreas.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1991

Inactive renin release from the human arm vascular wall during upper arm occlusion: relation to beta-adrenoceptors.

To investigate the extrarenal release of renin, plasma active renin (PAR) and plasma trypsin activatable or inactive renin (PIR) in blood taken simultaneously from bilateral median cubital veins were measured in seven normal men before and after occlusion of the right upper arm with a standard cuff inflated halfway between systolic and diastolic blood pressures for 15 min. After 15 min, both PAR (P less than 0.05) with PIR (P less than 0.01) increased significantly in occluded arms compared with 0 min. PIR rose significantly (P less than 0.01) in occluded arms compared with controls at 15 min, but PAR was unchanged. The same studies were repeated after pretreatment with oral doses of either 1 mg prazosin or 10 mg propranolol at 1600 h and 2400 h on the previous day and 1 hour before the experiment. After prazosin, both PAR (P less than 0.05) and PIR (P less than 0.01) in occluded arms increased significantly at 15 min compared with those at 0 min and PIR rose significantly (P less than 0.01) in occluded arms compared with controls at 15 min, as observed in the control studies. On the other hand, after propranolol, the significant increment of PAR in the occluded arms was abolished. Moreover, the significant difference of PIR between the occluded and the control arms at 15 min was also abolished. These results indicate that inactive renin may be present in the vascular wall of the arm and released into circulation by a stimulus such as arm occlusion by mechanisms related to beta-adrenoceptors.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Expression of CD56/NCAM on hematopoietic malignant cells. A useful marker for acute monocytic and megakaryocytic leukemias.

We investigated the expression of CD56 (a neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM) and CD57 in various hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic malignant cells, using Leu-19 and Leu-7 monoclonal antibodies. Although both molecules are commonly defined as a natural killer cell marker, we found that CD56 was highly expressed on blasts from patients with acute monocytic (4/6) and megakaryocytic (3/3) leukemias. In the latter, FACS two-color analysis revealed that leukemic megakaryoblasts simultaneously expressed CD56 and platelet-related antigens. Among leukemic cell lines, one myelocytic, three monocytic, and two megakaryocytic lines were positive for CD56. On the other hand, except for one large granular lymphocytic leukemia and one multiple myeloma cell line, none of the lymphoid leukemia cell lines or lymphoblasts from patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) (0/15), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (0/2), and central nervous system (CNS) leukemia (0/2) reacted with Leu-19 antibody for CD56. The expression of CD56 in leukemia cells was not significantly affected by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). By contrast, all hematopoietic materials were negative for CD57, while non-hematopoietic neuroblastoma cell lines expressed this molecule (4/5) as well as CD56 (5/5). Cytogenetically, the NCAM gene is located at chromosome 11q23, and chromosome breaks were often observed at this location in various leukemias. Blasts from all five acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) patients and cell lines with 11q23-proximal chromosomal breaks were positive, while those from one ALL patient with an 11q23 abnormality were negative for CD56, necessitating further studies to clarify the link between the 11q23 abnormality and CD56 expression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Dysplasia in ulcerative colitis detected by surveillance colonoscopy].

A total of 222 surveillance colonoscopies were performed in 84 patients with ulcerative colitis between 1979-1989. In 60 patients with total colitis, 3 carcinomas, 2 high-grade, 4 low-grade and 8 indefinite for dysplasia were found. In 24 with left-sided colitis, 1 low-grade and 1 indefinite for dysplasia were found. The overall incidence of dysplasia in patients with total colitis was 28%, similar to the reported incidence from the Western countries. A sequence of dysplasia development was recorded in 14 cases. Progression of dysplasia was found in some of the low-grade or indefinite cases, however regression was also recorded in another cases. These results suggest the usefulness of surveillance colonoscopy for early detection of carcinoma in long-standing ulcerative colitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The effect of immunological response on wound healing in rat with liver cirrhosis].

We examined the reaction of cell-mediated immunity with wound healing in liver cirrhosis. Cirrhosis was induced in male Wistar rats with a basal diet supplemented with 0.06% dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) over a four week period. Rats fed with a basal diet were served as control. Midline laparotomy of 2cm was performed. We determined the number of lymphocyte, the collagen content and the bursting pressure of the abdominal wound. In addition, the delayed hypersensitivity response was measured using dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) applied to the ears. The rats with cirrhosis showed significant decrease in the number of lymphocytes, the collagen content and the bursting pressure of the wound in comparison with the control rats. Also the rats with cirrhosis had depressed DNFB response. The response of infiltrating lymphocytes in the ear was similar to the response of lymphocytes in the wound. There was a positive correlation between the lymphocyte number and the collagen content in the wound. Moreover, the bursting pressure had a significant correlation with the number of lymphocyte in the wound. The data strongly suggest that depressed cell-mediated immunity impairs wound healing in liver cirrhosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Impaired natural killer activity and expression of interleukin-2 receptor antigen in familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

A 1-month-old boy with familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FEL) had a barely detectable natural killer (NK) activity of 0% to 7% (median, 0.5%) with an effector/target ratio of 20:1. The number of Leu7+ and Leu11+ cells was within normal range. In terms of interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor antigens, IL-2R/p55 (Tac) was marginally expressed whereas IL-2R/p75 related antigen recognized by YTA-1 monoclonal antibody (MAb),i.e., YTA-1 antigen, was moderately expressed on the patient's mononuclear cells. Since the NK activity was restored in vitro by IL-2 stimulation, insufficient in vivo IL-2 production or altered cooperation of IL-2R/p75 and IL-2R/p55 (Tac) in the IL-2 mediated immune response was suspected to be present. The induction of IL-2R/p55 (Tac) in vitro was found to be imparied after stimulation with IL-2, or YTA-1MAb. When the patient attained remission the IL-2R/p55 (Tac) induction had normalized, but low NK activity persisted. The results indicate that the IL-2/IL-2R system may play an important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of FEL.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗