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Biomedical subjects

Y Muramatsu

Publications and source records attributed to Y Muramatsu.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

A clinical and radiologic study of primary liver cancer associated with extrahepatic primary cancer.

In a consecutive series of 393 patients with excised and pathologically proven primary liver cancer (PLC)--including 374 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), nine cholangiocellular carcinomas (CCC), and ten mixed type of HCC and CCC--33 patients (8.4%) had one or two other malignancies in the extrahepatic organ(s). Of these, 29 had double cancers and four, triple cancers. This was synchronous in 11 patients, metachronous in 20 (including 18 with double cancers and two with triple cancers) and synchronous and metachronous in two with triple cancers. Metachronous cancer was found in 21 patients 1 year before hepatectomy for PLC and in three patients, 1 year after hepatectomy. The median age of PLC patients with multiple primary cancer (MPC) was 63.6 +/- 6.9 years; this was significantly greater than that of PLC patients without MPC (P less than 0.01). The associated cancer was gastric cancer in 11 patients (29.7%), colorectal cancer in six, pharyngeal cancer in four, and other cancers in ten different organs in 16. Thirteen of 22 patients had a history of blood transfusion. The incidence of liver cirrhosis in PLC associated with MPC (57.6%) was significantly lower than that without MPC (82.8%, P less than 0.01). The differential diagnosis of PLC from liver metastasis was possible retrospectively in 78.6% using sonograms, 79.3% using computed tomograms, and 91.3% using angiograms. The survival rates of patients with PLC with (n = 33) and without (n = 299) MPC who had undergone hepatectomy were 97.0% and 85.4% at 1 year, 55.5% and 59.5% at 3 years, and 40.5% and 40.1% at 5 years, respectively. There was no significant difference between the survival rates of those who underwent operations for PLC and extrahepatic primary cancer(s) synchronously and metachronously.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1992

Postresection recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma treated by arterial embolization: analysis of prognostic factors.

Of 270 consecutive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent surgery, 50 who had recurrence and were subsequently treated with transcatheter arterial embolization were analyzed. The longest interval between surgery and recurrence in the 50 patients who underwent transcatheter arterial embolization was 7 yr. Recurrence was initially found in the remnant liver in all patients but one; extrahepatic metastases were detected in 13 patients (26%) during follow-up. A "multiple" type was the most common (64%) hepatic recurrence pattern on angiography, followed by the "solitary" (16%) and "tumor thrombus" (12%) patterns. Hepatic recurrence was most frequently found in the ipsilateral lobe (48%) relative to the site of the primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Multivariate analysis of the factors affecting survival after transcatheter arterial embolization indicated that recurrence pattern (p = 0.025) and distant metastases (p = 0.011) were significant. Of 13 patients with distant metastases, 11 had the "multiple" pattern of hepatic recurrence. Survival rates for all 50 patients after initial surgery and after transcatheter arterial embolization were 90% and 64%, respectively, at 1 yr; 52% and 24%, respectively, at 3 yr; and 27% and 5%, respectively, at 5 yr. On analysis of survival rates after transcatheter arterial embolization in 37 patients with recurrence only in the liver and of the response of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma to transcatheter arterial embolization, a significant difference was noted between those with "partial response" and "progressive disease" (p less than 0.05) and between those with "no change" and "progressive disease" (p less than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A specific RFLP type associated with the occurrence of sheep scrapie in Japan.

We have investigated restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) on the PrP gene and the frequencies of RFLP patterns in 35 healthy Suffolk sheep randomly collected. According to the combinations of PrP encoding DNA fragments generated by restriction enzymes Eco RI and Hind III, the RFLP patterns were classified into six types and designated as types I to VI. The frequencies of these types were as follows: I, 8.6%; II, 11.4%; III, 17.6%; IV, 11.4%; V, 28.6%; and VI, 22.9%. In 10 sheep diagnosed as having natural scrapie, RFLP types, I, III, IV, and V were determined. To examine the correlation between the RFLP type and the occurrence of scrapie, the frequencies of RFLP types in sheep infected with natural scrapie were compared with those in healthy sheep. It was found that the frequency of type I in the sheep with natural scrapie was 70%, about eight times higher than that in randomly collected healthy sheep. In the 13 experimentally infected sheep that had been used for other purposes, however, no relationship between the RFLP type and onset of scrapie was found.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Respiratory control in diffuse interstitial lung disease].

Whether the change of lung volume affect ventilatory responsiveness to chemical stimuli has not been studied in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). We measured the responses of minute ventilation (VE), tidal volume (VT), and occlusion pressure (P0.1) to hypercapnia (HCVR) and hypoxia (HVR) in these patients. Breathing efficiency (delta VE/delta P0.1) and effective compliance (delta VT/delta P0.1) were also measured under the same stimuli. 1) HCVR and HVR were measured in one female patient with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. VE responses during low VC phase (VC; 71% of predicted value) were similar to that during increased VC phase (VC; normal level) in both HCVR and HVR. However, VT responses of low VC phase were lower than those of increased phase, and P0.1 responses of low VC phase were higher than those of increased VC phase. Both breathing efficiency and effective compliance of low VC phase were lower than those of increased VC phase. 2) Thirty one patients with ILD were divided into two groups: low VC group; VC < 80% of predicted value, and normal VC group; VC > 80% of predicted value. HCVR and HVR were compared between two groups. Mean values of VE response to hypercapnia and hypoxia in low VC group were lower than those of in normal group, although they were not significantly different. VT response to hypercapnia and hypoxia were significantly lower of low VC group than those of normal VC group. Mean values of P0.1 responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia of low VC group were higher than those of normal VC group, although they were not significantly different.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A new restriction fragment length polymorphism of the ceruloplasmin gene in rat.

Using a cDNA probe of the ceruloplasmin (CP) gene, a new restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was detected in inbred strains of rat with the restriction enzyme KpnI. The RFLP behaved as a codominant trait on a single autosomal locus. Two alleles of the CP gene, which were tentatively designated as CP-A and CP-B, were almost equally distributed in 10 inbred strains. These indicate that the RFLP of the CP gene is a useful marker locus of the rat. We utilized this CP gene polymorphism for the investigation of the pathogenesis of the aberrant hepatic copper metabolism in LEC mutant rat, since CP has a pivotal role in copper metabolism in the liver. Using backcross progenies originating from LEC and BN rats, we found that the CP gene is not associated with the excess hepatic copper accumulation and the deficiency in serum CP activity, both of which are congenital abnormal phenotypes exhibited in LEC mutant rat.

Alleles↗
PubMed1991

[Hepatoblastoma: clinico-radiological study of fifteen cases].

From January 1976 to October 1989, 15 patients with hepatoblastoma who underwent surgery at the National Cancer Center Hospital were evaluated by clinico-radiological techniques. Eight patients were boys and seven were girls; their average age was 3 years and 5 months. Abdominal mass or distention was initially noted in 12 patients. Alpha-fetoprotein level was extremely high (average, 327 micrograms/ml) in all cases but one. Hepatitis B surface antigen was negative in all cases. Tumors occupied mainly the right lobe of the liver in 67% of patients, and the mean tumor diameter was 11.1 cm. Of 15 hepatoblastomas, 10 were grossly classified as massive type and five as multinodular. Histopathological diagnosis was well differentiated (fetal type) hepatoblastoma in 10 patients and poorly differentiated (embryonal type) hepatoblastoma in five. Fibrous capsule was also recognized in eight. The noncancerous liver was normal in all cases. Ultrasonography (US) (n = 7 patients) demonstrated an inhomogeneous internal echo with well demarcated margin in five cases and without such margin in two. Nonenhanced CT (n = 6) showed an isodense or low density mass in all cases. Drip infusion CT (n = 5) revealed isodensity in the early phase. Dynamic CT performed in one patient showed a well enhanced mass that appeared hypervascular on angiography. Preoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy provoked histological changes such as necrosis, fibrosis and calcifications. These changes were reflected on CT images. Both US and CT demonstrated the characteristic internal structure and gross appearance of hepatoblastoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Imaging diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma by CT during arterial portography and Lipiodol-CT].

To evaluate the rates of detection for CT during arterial portography (CTAP) and Lipiodol-CT in small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including early stage HCC, a comparative prospective study was performed in 24 candidates for surgery with 39 histopathologically proved lesions: eight lesions of early HCC, four of early advanced HCC and 27 of advanced HCC. The following results were obtained. 1) Ten of 24 patients had multiple primary HCC foci, 70% of which were, moreover, located in different segments. 2) Detection rates for digital subtraction angiography (DSA), CTAP and Lipiodol-CT were 67%, 87% and 72%, respectively. For 13 lesions undetected by DSA, the detection rates for CTAP and Lipiodol-CT were 62% and 31%. 3) For small HCC (n = 16) of less than 2 cm in diameter, CTAP (75%) tended to be superior to Lipiodol-CT (44%). 4) For early HCC (n = 8), CTAP (63%) showed a significantly higher detection rate than Lipiodol-CT (25%). 5) In contrast, detection rates for small (less than or equal to 2 cm) early advanced (n = 3) and advanced HCCs (n = 5) were almost the same: 67% and 100% by CTAP and 67% and 80% by Lipiodol-CT, respectively. To diagnose multiple primary HCCs in a candidate for surgery, CTAP is imperative following angiography.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical application of helical scanning CT of upper abdomen].

The helical scanning CT unit, in which an X-ray tube continuously rotates at the rate of one revolution per second with constant movement of the table on which the patient is placed, was clinically tested in scanning of upper abdomen. Quality of the images obtained was equal to that of conventional CT. The images were particularly good at an X-ray beam width of 5 mm and table movement of 5 mm/sec with scan parameters of 120 kvp, 200 mA. Because of limitation of the X-ray tube capacity. X-ray beam width of 5 mm and table movement of 10 mm/sec with scan parameters of 120 kvp, 150 m, would be the most appropriate clinically. Application of the helical scanning CT will result in examination times shorter than in the case of conventional high-resolution CT and be obtained images at early vascular enhancement phase through the whole scanning area, so that it can be expected to be extremely useful in clinical diagnosis involving upper abdomen.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Radiologic features of focal nodular hyperplasia. Comparison with hepatocellular carcinoma by angiography and CT scan].

Radiographic features of eight focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) of livers of 6 patients were described in comparison with those of 72 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In arterial angiograms, 3 of the examined 4 FNH showed a large tumor vessel entering the center of the lesion. However, 1 of the examined HCC (1/39) had such a vessel. Tumor vessels in all of the examined FNH (4/4) were mainly curvilinear, without an encased and obstructive appearance. These angiographic features were not found in the examined HCC (0/39). Spoke-wheel patterns of tumor vessels were observed in 2 FNH (2/4) and in 3 HCC (3/39). In CT scan without contrast imaging, 5 HCC (5/39) and 3 FNH (3/5) were isodense. One of HCC (1/50) and 3 FNH (3/5) were isodense in the late phases of dynamic CT images. 4 HCC (4/50) and 4 FNH (4/5) had an irregular margin in the lesions. 5 HCC (5/50) and 4 FNH (4/5) demonstrated central low density areas in lesions in the early phases of dynamic CT imaging. In the late phases of the image, central high density areas in lesions were found in 2 HCC (2/50) and 3 FNH (3/5). Based on the above radiographic features such as a large tumor vessel having a curvilineal appearance, irregular margin of the lesions in FNH, we conclude that it is possible to make a differential diagnosis between FNH and HCC clinically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Pre-clinical and clinical diagnosis of scrapie by detection of PrP protein in tissues of sheep.

The usefulness of detecting the scrapie-associated fibrillar protein (PrP) in the lymphoreticular organs of sheep as a diagnostic tool was investigated. The PrP was detected by means of a rabbit-anti-sheep PrP polyclonal antibody by Western blot analysis. PrP was detected in samples from the central nervous system (CNS) of five of six sheep showing clinical signs of natural scrapie infection, in spleen samples from four of the six sheep and in lymph node samples taken from three of the sheep. PrP was detected in the spleen and lymph node samples, but not in the CNS samples from one of the six sheep that was clinically and histopathologically abnormal. This animal appeared to be in the early clinical stage of the disease. A total of 47 clinically normal sheep were examined for the presence of PrP. It was detected in spleen samples from three of the 47 sheep and in lymph node samples from three of the 39 sheep tested. Similarly, PrP was detected in a sample of lymph node obtained surgically from one of three experimentally infected sheep 14 months after inoculation. The PrP-positive sheep and one of the remaining PrP-negative sheep showed clinical signs of scrapie six and five months later respectively. One sheep euthanased 18 months after experimental infection was positive for PrP in the CNS, spleen and lymph node, but five other sheep which were killed or died two, eight, 16, 18 and 21 months after infection were negative or doubtful for the detection of PrP.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Concentrations of radiocesium and potassium in basidiomycetes collected in Japan.

Concentrations of 137Cs, 134Cs and 40K in about 60 mushroom samples (fruit bodies of basidiomycetes) belonging to 25 species collected in Japan have been studied. The levels of 137Cs varied very widely, ranging from less than 3 to 1520 Bq kg-1 (dry wt), while those of 40K were relatively constant. Concentrations of 137Cs in common edible mushrooms of Japan such as Lentinus edodes, Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pholiota nameko were low (normally less than 50 Bq kg-1, dry wt). Concentrations of 134Cs in many samples were below the limit of detection (usually less than 5 Bq kg-1, dry wt). The median concentrations of 137Cs and 40K were 41 (dry wt) and 1150 Bq kg-1 (dry wt), respectively. From the 137Cs/40K ratios it was found that cesium rather than potassium was selectively taken up from the soils by fungi such as Suillus granulatus and Lactarius hatsudake. The 134Cs/137Cs ratios in mushrooms are related to the depth of the mycelium in the soil. The effective dose equivalent due to the dietary intake of radiocesium through mushrooms was estimated to be only 1.6 x 10(-7) Sv.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed1991

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis associated with infantile spasms in five mentally retarded children: a morphological analysis on mesangiolysis.

We report five cases of nephrotic syndrome due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in mentally retarded children with severe infantile spasms. Four of the five children diagnosed as West syndrome, Lennox syndrome, or petit mal epilepsy also had cerebral palsy and microcephaly. The other patient had petit mal epilepsy without cerebral palsy and microcephaly. All patients first developed infantile spasms, with the time of onset ranging from 1 week to 2 years of age, and subsequently developed proteinuria, followed by the nephrotic syndrome at 3 to 14 years of age. Four of the five developed terminal renal failure between 7 and 11 years of age. Three subsequently died, but the other underwent kidney transplantation and is still living without further complications. The light, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical studies performed on the renal biopsies from all the patients and on the autopsy specimens from two cases exhibited FSGS-like lesions. Besides segmental hyalinosis, differing degrees of mesangiolysis were seen, which sometimes developed into dissecting microaneurysms of the glomerular capillary loops. The clinical picture described can be differentiated from congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) or infantile nephrotic syndrome (INS) with respect to the age of onset, outcome, and morphological appearance. We reviewed the previous literature and extended earlier observations about an unusual association between the nephrotic syndrome due to FSGS-like lesion, mental retardation, infantile spasms, and/or microcephaly in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Biological half-life of gaseous elemental iodine deposited onto rice grains.

In order to obtain the biological half-life (Tb) of iodine deposited on rough rice grains, rice plants of four different growing stages--heading, milky, dough, and yellow ripe--were exposed to elemental gaseous iodine. After the exposure, the rough rice samples were collected at different intervals and analyzed for iodine to estimate the value of Tb. The average value of Tb obtained by the experiments at the dough and yellow ripe stages was about 200 d. This value is considerably larger than those for pasture grass and leafy vegetables.

Food Contamination, Radioactive↗
PubMed1991

Early hepatocellular carcinoma: MR imaging.

All areas in hepatic lesions designated as adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) with malignant foci have recently been recognized as cancer. AH with malignant foci can be classified into two types, depending on the presence of overt cancerous nodules. Lesions without macroscopic nodules are defined as early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while those with a macroscopic component are defined as HCC with early components. A comparative study of early HCC and HCC with early components was performed with magnetic resonance imaging. Early HCC lesions (n = 20) were isointense (n = 11) and hyperintense (n = 9) on T1-weighted spin-echo images and isointense (n = 17), partially hyperintense (n = 2), or hypointense (n = 1) on T2-weighted spin-echo images relative to the surrounding liver. Lesions classified as HCC with early components (n = 8) were hyperintense (n = 5), isointense (n = 2), and of mixed signal intensity (n = 1) on T2-weighted images. T1-weighted imaging was superior to T2-weighted imaging in depicting early HCC, but the latter could be useful in evaluating the progression of HCC in the histopathologically early stages.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1991

[Right ventricular infarction following acute inferior myocardial infarction confirmed by dual isotope single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of [99mTc] pyrophosphate and [201Tl] chloride].

A 56-year-old man, complaining of severe substernal chest pain, was admitted. In this patient, right ventricular infarction following by acute inferior myocardial infarction was suggested by serial enzymes, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and hemodynamic data, but it was not confirmed. A dual isotope SPECT with 99mTc-pyrophosphate and 201Tl-Cl was performed and color-coded tomograms were obtained. It showed a characteristic image of right ventricular infarction, especially in the short axis view right ventricular infarction looked like shape of a tongue which protruded from left ventricle. We concluded that though the diagnosis of right ventricular infarction is difficult, a dual isotope SPECT is a useful method because it shows a characteristic image.

Diphosphates↗