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Biomedical subjects

Y Nagaki

Publications and source records attributed to Y Nagaki.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Aqueous flare elevation induced by transcorneal application of highly selective agonists for prostaglandin E2 receptor subtypes in pigmented rabbits: effect of tetramethylpyrazine.

We examined the disruptive effect of highly selective agonists for prostaglandin E2 receptor subtypes (EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4) on the blood-aqueous barrier, and evaluated the inhibitory effect of tetramethylpyrazine, an active component of Ligusticum wallichii, on the elevation of aqueous flare induced by the EP agonists in pigmented rabbits. Highly selective EP agonists (ONO-DI-004, EP1 agonist; ONO-AE1-259-01, EP2 agonist; ONO-AE-248, EP3 agonist; ONO-AE1-329, EP4 agonist) at 12.5 to 250 microg/ml were transcorneally administered to the eyes of pigmented rabbits using a glass cylinder. Animals were pretreated intravenously with tetramethylpyrazine (10 or 30 mg/kg) 30 minutes before application of the EP2 or the EP4 agonist. Aqueous flare was measured using a laser flare-cell meter. Aqueous flare intensity was expressed as the area under the curve (AUC) in arbitrary units. After administration of ONO-AE1-259-01 or ONO-AE1-329, aqueous flare increased and then gradually decreased. ONO-DI-004 and ONO-AE-248 had almost no effect on aqueous flare elevation. The AUC of eyes in rabbits pretreated with tetramethylpyrazine, 10 or 30 mg/kg i.v., was significantly smaller than that of eyes in rabbits treated with ONO-AEI-259-01 alone. The AUC of eyes in rabbits pretreated with tetramethylpyrazine, 10 or 30 mg/kg i.v., was not significantly smaller than that of eyes in rabbits treated with ONO-AEI-329 only. The results indicated that EP2 and EP4 agonists induced aqueous flare elevation in pigmented rabbits, and that tetramethylpyrazine inhibited the aqueous flare elevation induced by the EP2 agonist but did not suppress the elevation induced by the EP4 agonist.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Ocular changes after intravitreal injection of methanol, formaldehyde, or formate in rabbits.

We evaluated the effects of intravitreal injection of methanol, formaldehyde, or formate on rabbit eyes. One hundred microl of 1% methanol, 1% or 0.1% formaldehyde, or 1% formate was injected in the vitreous cavity of the right eyes of rabbits. The eyes were examined by biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy weekly. One month after injection, the eyes were enucleated and examined histologically. One week after treatment the animals that received 0.1% formaldehyde showed retinal vessel dilation, and the rabbits that received 1% formaldehyde showed mild posterior subcapsular cataract and retinal vessel dilation and haemorrhages. One month after treatment, the animals that received 0.1% or 1% formaldehyde developed mild posterior subcapsular cataract and retinal lesions. Animals that received 1% methanol or 1% formate showed nearly normal optical media and fundi. Histologically disorganized retina and optic nerve were seen in eyes that received 0.1% or 1% formaldehyde. Eyes that received 1% methanol or 1% formate appeared histologically normal. Our findings indicate that intravitreal injection of formaldehyde causes retinal and optic nerve damage, while methanol and formate are not or less toxic to ocular tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Effects of traditional Sino-Japanese herbal medicines on aqueous flare elevation after small-incision cataract surgery.

We evaluated prospectively the effects of traditional Sino-Japanese herbal medicines on elevation of aqueous flare. Fifty-four patients with age-related cataract undergoing phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation were studied. In the control group, 20 patients received no herbal medicine. In the treated groups, 14 patients were given Orengedoku- to (Huanglian-Jie-Du-Tang in Chinese) granules (7.5 g daily), 10 patients were given Kakkon-to (Ge-Gen-Tang in Chinese) granules (7.5 g daily), and 10 patients were given Sairei-to (Cai-Ling-Tang in Chinese) granules (9.0 g daily), for 3 days before surgery, the day of surgery, and for 7 days after surgery. Aqueous flare was measured before and after surgery. The differences in preoperative flare intensities among the four groups were not significant. In the control group, the flare was 29.4 photon counts/msec on day 1, and then gradually decreased. The flare intensities on days 1, 3, and 5 in the Orengedoku-to and Kakkon-to groups were significantly lower than in the control group. The flare intensities in the Sairei-to group were the same as those of the controls. Oral administration of Orengedoku-to and Kakkon-to decreased aqueous flare elevation after small-incision cataract surgery. Sairei-to had no effect on the elevation.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

Effects of Orengedoku-to and Senkanmeimoku-to, traditional herbal medicines, on the experimental elevation of aqueous flare in pigmented rabbits.

We investigated the effects of Orengedoku-to (Huanglian-Jie-Du-Tang in Chinese) and Senkanmeimoku-to (Xygan-Ming-Mu-Tang in Chinese), traditional herbal medicines, on experimantal elevation of aqueous flare in pigmented rabbits. To produce the elevation of aqueous flare in rabbits, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was applied to the cornea with use of a glass cylinder, or lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were injected into the ear vein. Animals were pretreated by the oral administration of 150 g/day of food containing 0.7%, 0.2% or 0.07% (w/w) Orengedoku-to, or 2%, 0.6% or 0.2% (w/w) Senkanmeimoku-to for 5 days. Aqueous flare was measured with a laser flare-cell meter. Pretreatment with 0.7% or 0.2% Orengedoku-to and 2% Senkanmeimoku-to did suppress significantly (P < 0.05) elevation of aqueous flare induced by PGE2. Pretreatment with 0.7% or 0.2% Orengedoku-to and 2% or 0.6% Senkanmeimoku-to significantly suppressed (P < 0.001) elevation of aqueous flare induced by LPS. It is possible that Orengedoku-to and Senkanmeimoku-to may migrate some forms of uveitis.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

The cutler-beard bridge flap technique with use of donor sclera for upper eyelid reconstruction.

We evaluated the Cutler-Beard bridge flap technique with the use of donor sclera for upper eyelid reconstruction. The right upper eyelid of a 22-year-old man (case 1) was bitten by a dog. A mass in the left upper eyelid of an 85-year-old man (case 2) was excised. Major full-thickness defects of the eyelid with small loss of tarsus were reconstructed with the use of donor sclera. Good cosmetic results were obtained. Major full-thickness defects of the upper eyelid with small loss of tarsus may be effectively reconstructed by the Cutler-Beard technique with use of donor sclera.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Melanocytoma of the left optic nerve head and right retrobulbar optic neuropathy compressed by a tuberculum sellae meningioma.

A 40-year-old woman had a highly pigmented, slightly elevated tumor on the left optic disc. She had no visual disturbance in the left eye. The tumor was stationary for 5 years. At age 45 years, she complained of decreased visual acuity in the right eye. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a right-shifted homogeneous lesion at the tuberculum sellae. Histopathologic study of the excised lesion revealed interlacing bundles of spindle-shaped fibroblast-like cells with whorl formation. We believe that a relationship between melanocytoma of the optic nerve head and a tuberculum sellae meningioma may exist rather than a chance occurrence, as previously suggested by others.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema treated with high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of high-dose methylprednisolone in the treatment of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (CME). SETTING: University-affiliated hospital. METHODS: Four patients with pseudophakic CME who reported decreased visual acuities were treated with oral prednisolone (20 mg daily for 5 days), oral acetazolamide (500 mg daily for 5 days), and topical dexamethasone 0.1% and diclofenac 0.1% (4 times a day for 14 days). The CME did not resolve. Next, they were treated with high-dose (1000 mg daily) intravenous methylprednisolone for 3 days. RESULTS: In 3 of 4 eyes, the CME resolved and visual acuity improved. CONCLUSION: High-dose methylprednisolone may be effective in the treatment of pseudophakic CME.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Cataract progression in patients with atopic dermatitis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the possible causes of cataract progression in Japanese patients with atopic dermatitis. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama, Japan. METHODS: This prospective study comprised 41 patients (81 eyes) with atopic dermatitis. Cataract progression was determined by photographs and visual acuity results. Mean follow-up was 2.5 years (range 1.0 to 3.5 years). RESULTS: Of 41 patients, 10 (24.4%) had progression of cataract. Of 81 eyes, 10 (12.3%) had slow progression and 9 (11.1%), rapid. Cataract progression was not statistically significantly related to patient sex or severity of systemic skin lesions but was to facial skin lesions. Soft contact lens wear and eye rubbing were also correlated with cataract progression. CONCLUSION: Patients with facial atopic dermatitis, contact lenses, or both may rub their eyes more frequently than those with lesions on other body parts, increasing their risk of cataract progression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

1147 del A mutation in the arrestin gene in Japanese patients with Oguchi disease.

We examined the sequence of the arrestin gene in two unrelated patients with Oguchi disease. A 35-year-old woman and a 72-year-old man underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, including evaluation of visual acuity and color vision, fundus examination, and electroretinography. A golden-yellow discoloration was observed in their fundi. After 30 minutes of dark adaptation, the discoloration in the fundus disappeared. A deletion of an adenine in codon 309 of exon 11 of the arrestin gene was identified in both patients. Mutations in the arrestin are common in Japanese patients with Oguchi disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome in an 11-year-old Boy.

An 11-year-old boy complained of headache, slight fever and decreased visual acuity. Intracameral cells and serous retinal detachment were found in both eyes. Pleocytosis was seen in the cerebrospinal fluid. Bilateral uveitis diminished rapidly in response to corticosteroid treatment. Depigmentation of the fundi developed several months later. We believe that Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome in a child, as demonstrated in our patient, may be uncommon.

Atropine↗
PubMed1999

Hypofluorescent spots on indocyanine green angiography at the recovery stage in multiple evanescent white dot syndrome.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the fundus lesions in a young woman. METHODS: Visual function, ophthalmoscopy, electrophysiology, fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography were performed. RESULTS: A 24-year-old woman had decreased visual acuity (0.2), granularity in the macula, and multiple yellow-white patches in the fundus, reduced a wave on electroretinography, hyperfluorescence on fluorescein angiography, and hypofluorescence on indocyanine green angiography in the left eye. When visual acuity improved to 1.0, the white dots disappeared ophthalmoscopically, and fluorescein angiography showed normal findings. Hypofluorescent spots were found, however, on indocyanine green angiography. CONCLUSION: It is possible that signs of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome may remain longer during examination by indocyanine green angiography than by visual function, ophthalmoscopy, or fluorescein angiography.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Carotid artery fistula after cataract surgery.

To determine carotid cavernous fistula associated with choroidal detachment after cataract surgery. A 77-year-old woman underwent cataract surgery in both eyes. Postoperatively, proptosis and dilation of episcleral vessels in her left eye occurred and gradually increased. One month later, choroidal detachment developed in her left eye. Computed tomography showed an enlarged superior ophthalmic vein. Selected cerebral angiography showed fistulas between the megingeal branches of both the internal and external carotid arteries and the cavernous sinus. After the neurosurgical treatment, these symptoms disappeared. The development of carotid cavernous fistula after cataract surgery, as demonstrated in our patient, may be uncommon. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;30:160-162.] Carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) is an abnormal communication between the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. Ocular manifestation of the fistula includes proptosis, pulsation of the globe, orbital bruit, episcleral vein dilation, and chemosis. CCF is divided into spontaneous or traumatic by cause and direct or dural by angiographic findings. To our knowledge, CCF development after cataract surgery may be uncommon. We recently examined a patient with such a condition.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Management of traumatic cyclodialysis cleft associated with ocular hypotony.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of direct cyclopexy for treatment of traumatic cyclodialysis cleft associated with ocular hypotony. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eyes with traumatic cyclodialysis cleft were treated with direct cyclopexy or 1.0% atropine eyedrop. RESULTS: Five eyes with a large cyclodialysis cleft were treated with direct cyclopexy. Postoperatively, these eyes obtained normal intraocular pressure. Four of the 5 eyes had good visual acuity, and 1 eye that had preoperative subretinal hemorrhage in the macula had poor visual acuity. Of the 3 eyes treated with 1.0% atropine eyedrops, 1 had good visual acuity, and 2 with retinal folds had fairly good and poor visual acuity. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that direct cyclopexy is useful for the treatment of traumatic cyclodialysis cleft associated with ocular hypotony, and that the cyclodialysis should be surgically treated before irreversible retinal folds develop.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Circular vection in patients with age-related macular degeneration.

We have used optokinetic stimulation in patients with unilateral age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and central scotoma to investigate the possible contribution of the central visual field to circular vection (CV). Six patients aged 42-73 years with unilateral AMD and an aged-matched control group of nine elderly adults aged 47-75 years were examined. Monocular visual field defects were verified with the Goldmann perimeter by kinetic perimetry. The device used to induce CV was a random dot pattern projected onto a hemispherical dome with a radius of 75 cm. The pattern was rotated horizontally at a constant acceleration of 1 deg/s2. Monocular stimuli were randomly repeated two to three times in both temporal-nasal (T-N) and nasal-temporal (N-T) directions. The latency of onset of CV was measured for each stimulus presentation. In the age-matched control group the CV latencies varied from 4.2 to 72.0 s. In each case, however, the CV latencies were stable. No significant differences in CV latencies were found between right and left eyes in both stimulus directions (p > 0.05). In patients with AMD, no statistically significant difference in CV latency was found between the affected and unaffected eyes (p > 0.05). Marked central visual field loss in AMD does not significantly impair peripherally induced CV. Our results are compatible with the hypothesis that the peripheral retina dominates CV.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Change in tissue concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides, vitamin C and vitamin E in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

The tissue concentration of lipid hydroperoxides, which was determined by a specific method involving chemical derivatization and HPLC, increased significantly in the heart, liver, kidney and muscle of diabetic rats 8 weeks after the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin compared with that of the control group. These results demonstrate that an enhanced oxidative stress is caused in these tissues by diabetes. Vitamin C concentrations of the brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney and plasma of the diabetic rats decreased significantly after 8 weeks compared with those of the control group. Vitamin E concentrations of the brain, heart, liver, kidney, muscle and plasma of the diabetic rats increased significantly after 4 weeks compared with the control group. After 8 weeks, an elevation in vitamin E concentration was observed in the heart, liver, muscle and plasma of the diabetic rats.

Analysis of Variance↗