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Biomedical subjects

Y Nimura

Publications and source records attributed to Y Nimura.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase V: tissue distribution and immunohistochemical localization in rat brain.

Polyclonal antibody against Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase V (CaM kinase V) was prepared from guinea pigs immunized with synthetic polypeptide, based on the partial amino acid sequence of the rat brain enzyme. Immunoblot analysis of purified CaM kinase V revealed two immunoreactive bands with a molecular mass of 41 kDa and minor 40 kDa, respectively. Tissue distribution of CaM kinase V and immunohistochemical localization in rat brain were also investigated. Immunoblotting revealed the presence of immunoreactive proteins with the same molecular mass of 40 and 41 kDa, in the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, pituitary gland, lung, adrenal gland, spleen, liver, colon, heart, stomach, ovary, spinal cord, and thymus. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong staining in the neuronal somata and weak staining in the nuclei. Densely stained regions included the cerebral cortex, the hippocampal formation, the caudatoputamen, the globus pallidus, the hypothalamus, the substantia nigra, the medial geniculate body, the olfactory bulb, the cerebellar cortex and the choroid plexus. CaM kinase V revealed different substrate specificity compared with CaM kinase II. These results lead to the notion that CaM kinase V may exist in 40- and 41-kDa isoforms, is widely distributed in various tissues, and may play an important role in the control of a wide variety of calcium regulated processes in the respective tissues.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of tracheal mucosal blood flow during an extended radical operation for esophageal carcinoma: clinical and experimental studies.

Using the hydrogen gas clearance method, a plate-type probe was attached to the surface of the cuff of an endotracheal tube in order to measure the ischemic changes in the tracheal mucosa produced by peritracheal lymph node dissection. In eight human subjects with intrathoracic esophageal carcinoma, the tracheal mucosal blood flow was 40.1 ml/100 g per minute after they had undergone a right thoracotomy and then decreased to 13.0 ml/100 g per minute after they had further received an extended radical operation preserving the right bronchial artery. No tracheal ulcers were seen. The same ischemic changes in the tracheal mucosa were also measured in dogs. The right bronchial artery contributes about one-third of the total blood flow to the trachea and this was thus calculated to be about 10-14 ml/100 g per minute.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A new method of anterior mediastinal tracheostomy following resection of cervical esophagus and the larynx: report of a case.

We report herein the case of a 52-year-old man for whom a split pectoralis major myocutaneous flap was applied at the time of extended radical surgery for esophageal carcinoma with tracheal involvement, to avoid the postoperative complications of anterior tracheostomy such as tracheal necrosis and rupture of the major vessels. Laryngopharyngectomy and extended resection of the proximal trachea was performed through a manubrectomy, leaving the tracheal remnant only 4 cm above the carina. A pectoralis major myocutaneous flap was split into two with one piece being wrapped around the trachea at the anterior mediastinal tracheostomy site, and the other being placed between the trachea and brachiocephalic artery. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged from hospital on the 34th postoperative day. A split pectoralis major myocutaneous flap may be effective not only for filling the dead space between the trachea and brachiocephalic artery, but also for reducing tension at the tracheocutaneous anastomosis and protecting against circulatory damage at the mediastinal tracheostomy site to minimize stomal retraction.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1994

Sphincter of Oddi motility in patients with bile duct stones. A comparative study using percutaneous transhepatic manometry.

The motility of the sphincter of Oddi was measured by percutaneous transhepatic manometry of the sphincter of Oddi (PTMSO) in three groups of 57 patients with bile duct stones. The three groups were: (1) cholecystectomy group (N = 10)--patients with common bile duct stones (CBDS) who had already undergone cholecystectomy; (2) noncholecystectomy group (N = 37)--patients with CBDS who had not undergone cholecystectomy; and (3) intrahepatic stone (IHS) group (N = 10). The basal pressure, amplitude, frequency, and propagation direction of contraction waves and the response to cerulein injection or dried egg yolk ingestion were analyzed and compared among these groups. No significant differences in the basal pressure, amplitude, frequency, and propagation direction of the contraction waves were found among the three groups. There were also no differences in the response to cerulein or dried egg yolk ingestion. The frequency and duration of the burst contractions occurring in duodenal phase III of the migrating motor complex were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the cholecystectomy group than in the other two groups. These two differences in the burst contractions may be ascribed to the absence of the gallbladder.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Advanced primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the small intestine in childhood: report of four cases.

Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the small intestine (PLI) is an uncommon malignancy in childhood which carries a poor prognosis. Consideration of the possible diagnosis of PLI is important when children have vague abdominal symptoms, since thoughtful multidisciplinary treatment can result in a better prognosis. This paper reports the cases of four children who have presented to our hospital since 1985 with advanced stage III or IV PLI. All the children had a huge abdominal mass but none of them had complete intestinal obstruction. Regarding the diagnosis, ultrasonography frequently reveals a hypoechoic thickening of the intestinal wall with dilated intestinal loops. A delayed primary or second-look operation may be the treatment of choice following adequate chemotherapy, while total parenteral nutritional support may prevent gastrointestinal complications. Three of the four patients have been in complete remission for 2 to 4 1/2 years since their initial treatment.

Child↗
PubMed1994

The effect of epidural morphine on human intestinal motility in the early postoperative period.

The early postoperative recovery of intestinal motility and the response of motility to epidural morphine were investigated in 20 patients. Periodic motor activities in the jejunum were recovered within 32 hours in all cases. The length of these cycles increased gradually from the 1st (23.2 min) to the 4th (41.7 min) postoperative day. Morphine and lignocaine were given through an epidural catheter. Morphine induced premature migrating motor complexes (MMC) in all cases, whereas lidocaine failed to evoke this response in every case. The mean duration (19.8 min) and maximal amplitude (62.8 mmHg) of the burst activities induced by morphine were significantly longer and higher than those occurring spontaneously (7.7 min and 35.6 mmHg, respectively). The intervals between the induced and the subsequent spontaneous contractions were the same as the intervals between spontaneous contractions. These observations indicate that epidural morphine induced premature MMC without interrupting recovery patterns from postoperative gastrointestinal paralysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

OK-432 chemical pleurodesis for the treatment of persistent chylothorax.

A 52-year-old woman with thoracic esophageal carcinoma was admitted to our hospital. Standard radical esophagectomy was carried out via a right posterolateral thoracotomy and laparotomy. A drainage tube was removed from the right side of the chest on the 9th postoperative day. Three days later a chest roentgenogram showed massive left pleural effusion, and a tube was inserted into the left pleural cavity. The volume of the effusion was 900 ml/day and chylothorax was diagnosed. Conservative therapy was applied for 30 days, but chyle leakage persisted. Intra-pleural infusion of OK-432, a Su-strain of Streptococcus pyogenes, and doxycycline hydrochloride was carried out to seal the leakage point. The effusion stopped immediately after the procedure. There were no major side effects. This procedure should be considered the treatment of choice for patients with persistent chylothorax not responding to initial conservative management.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1994

Fibromuscular dysplasia as a cause of abdominal aortic aneurysm.

A 53-year-old woman presented with abdominal discomfort and was diagnosed using ultrasonography to have an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Aortography revealed a saccular aneurysm 4 cm in diameter of the infrarenal aorta with a 'string of beads' appearance. The renal and other visceral arteries appeared to be normal. Resection and graft replacement was performed because of the possibility of rupture. Histological examination of the specimen revealed the most common type of fibromuscular dysplasia, namely medial fibroplasia. Fibromuscular dysplasia should be considered as a potential cause of abdominal aortic aneurysm in female patients with no atherosclerosis risk factors.

Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal↗
PubMed1994

Hepatic mitochondrial changes in experimental obstructive jaundice complicated by biliary infection.

The effects of biliary infection on the structural and functional changes in the liver in obstructive jaundice was studied using rats as experimental animals. Biliary infection with obstructive jaundice was induced in the animals by injecting Escherichia coli into the common bile duct through a nylon tube cannulated into the duct. This was followed by the clamping of the tube. For the controls, the tube was clamped in the absence of Escherichia coli. After 3, 7, 14 and 21 days, the animals were sacrificed, and some serum enzyme activities, histological changes in the liver, and the coupling efficiency of mitochondria isolated from the liver were investigated. The phosphorylating ability of hepatic mitochondria was more seriously affected when the obstruction was complicated by cholangitis. We suggest that, when associated with obstructive jaundice, biliary infection should be carefully treated prior to hepatectomy.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1994

Internal biliary drainage, unlike external drainage, does not suppress the regeneration of cholestatic rat liver after partial hepatectomy.

We previously showed that hepatic cells proliferate in obstructive jaundice alone without partial hepatectomy and found that external biliary drainage for obstructive jaundice markedly suppresses liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. In this study, we produced a model system for internal biliary drainage in which bile was drained into the stomach of rat fed a liquid diet. The regeneration capacity of the liver was assessed on the basis of the induction of DNA polymerase-alpha activity, as well as the mitotic index of hepatic cells. A remarkable difference was observed in the regeneration capacities of cholestatic livers between two groups--one in which jaundice was released by the internal and one by external biliary drainage before hepatectomy. After 5 days of internal biliary drainage, the regeneration capacity remained at a level comparable to that of sham-operated control rats, in sharp contrast to the impaired regeneration after external biliary drainage. These results clearly indicate that internal biliary drainage is preferable for release of biliary obstruction before partial resection of cholestatic liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Hepatic recovery after biliary drainage in experimental obstructive jaundice complicated by biliary infection.

The effects of an association of biliary infection and bile stasis on the recovery process of the impaired structure and function of the cholestatic liver after biliary drainage were studied in experimental animals. Obstructive jaundice was induced by clamping a tube inserted into the common bile duct of rats, while at the same time Escherichia coli bacteria were introduced into the tube to induce biliary infection. After one week, the biliary obstruction was removed. After 14 days of biliary drainage, the impaired structure and function of the cholestatic liver without biliary infection were remarkably improved, having returned almost to normal, while in the cases with biliary infection, the impairments were far less improved, especially with respect to mitochondrial function. These results suggest that major hepatic surgery should not be employed in patients with obstructive jaundice in the presence of biliary infection and should be delayed until hepatic function has recovered sufficiently after biliary drainage.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Ultrasound imaging of the retrohepatic vena caval wall by percutaneous endocaval sonography (PECS).

Small-aperture endoluminal ultrasound imaging devices, comprising a 7.5- or 20-MHz transducer placed percutaneously inside the inferior vena caval lumen, were evaluated for the imaging of the retrohepatic vena caval wall, both in normal dogs and hospital patients with hepato-biliary carcinoma. Using 20-MHz systems, a three-layered appearance of the retrohepatic vena caval wall was delineated, both in dogs and humans, although the imaging field was limited. For dogs, the depth of the two complex inner layers measured sonographically coincided with the distance from the luminal surface to the outer surface of the muscular layer as determined in histological sections, while the total depth of the three layers measured sonographically proved to be larger than the distance from the luminal surface to the surface of the hepatic parenchyma determined histologically. Endocaval sonography could also establish a negative diagnosis of carcinomatous infiltration to the retrohepatic vena caval wall in patients. Our results suggest that percutaneous endocaval sonography (PECS) might be useful for diagnosing carcinomatous infiltration to the retrohepatic vena caval wall.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Staging of biliary carcinoma: cholangiography and cholangioscopy.

Tumors of the biliary tract can usually be diagnosed by conventional cholangiography, either via endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC). However, these procedures do not precisely delineate the segmental anatomy of the intrahepatic bile duct and the extent of cancer spread into the bile duct wall. Since 1975, we have been using selective cholangiography via percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) and with the aid of percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS) to achieve accurate preoperative diagnosis of tumor extension. PTBD was performed in 501 malignant cases, with 295 of them undergoing PTCS; high-quality cholangiograms were obtained in all cases. PTCS offers the additional diagnostic advantage of taking biopsies for the preoperative diagnosis and staging of biliary tract cancer. The morbidity and mortality rates of PTBD and PTCS were 9% and 0%, respectively.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1993

Effects of thyroid and glucocorticoid hormones on the level of messenger ribonucleic acid for iodothyronine type I 5'-deiodinase in rat primary hepatocyte cultures grown as spheroids.

The activity of type I 5'-deiodinase (5'DI) is known to correlate with thyroid status; it is high in hyperthyroidism and low in hypothyroidism. Recently, it was shown that the increased activity of type I 5'DI in hyperthyroidism is associated with an increase in enzyme contents as well as its mRNA in liver. However, it remains unknown whether thyroid hormone directly regulates the expression of 5'DI mRNA in hepatocytes. In this study, the direct actions of thyroid hormone as well as rT3 and dexamethasone on type I 5'DI mRNA were investigated using primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were prepared from euthyroid rats by collagenase perfusion and plated either on collagen-coated dishes for conventional monolayer cultures or on positively charged dishes for spheroid cultures. After hormonal treatments, the levels of mRNAs for type I 5'DI and albumin were determined by Northern blotting. In spheroid cultures, T3 increased type I 5'DI mRNA in a dose- and time-dependent manner, whereas the albumin mRNA level was not altered. A lesser effect was observed in hepatocytes cultured as monolayers. The T3-induced increase in 5'DI mRNA was not inhibited by pretreatment with cycloheximide, indicating that the effect of thyroid hormone on 5'DI mRNA is direct, not requiring de novo protein synthesis. rT3 did not affect the levels in type I 5'DI mRNA increased by T3. On the other hand, dexamethasone alone increased 5'DI mRNA and, when added together with T3, had a synergistic effect. In contrast to T3, dexamethasone increased albumin mRNA. Dexamethasone-induced increases in mRNAs for 5'DI and albumin were inhibited by pretreatment of cycloheximide. The present study indicated that T3 increases 5'DI mRNA through a direct action on its gene, whereas the effect of dexamethasone requires de novo synthesis of a protein factor(s).

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Distinct regional localization of neurocalcin, a Ca(2+)-binding protein, in the bovine adrenal gland.

Neurocalcin (molecular weight 23,000 and 24,000) is a Ca(2+)-binding protein with three putative Ca(2+)-binding domains and is present in large amounts in nervous tissues. Neurocalcin isoproteins separated by C18 reverse-phase column chromatography are insoluble in buffer solution and it is impossible to determine the dissociation constant of neurocalcin with Ca2+. To overcome this difficulty, recombinant neurocalcin was synthesized, based on one of the cDNAs of the neurocalcin isoproteins. Stoichiometric titration experiments, using recombinant neurocalcin, indicated that this protein bound 2 mol Ca2+/mol protein and that the apparent dissociation constant for Ca2+ was 2.2 mumol/l, suggesting that neurocalcin plays a physiological role in cellular function. Immunoblotting showed that neurocalcin is present in the bovine adrenal gland in addition to the nervous tissues. Neurocalcin, identified by immunoblotting, was purified from the bovine adrenal gland. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of neurocalcin from the bovine brain showed 23 kDa and 24 kDa double bands, while SDS-PAGE of neurocalcin from the adrenal gland showed a single band of apparently 24 kDa, suggesting that the expression of neurocalcin isoproteins differs from tissue to tissue. The content of neurocalcin in the adrenal gland was 10 micrograms protein/100 g wet tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the occurrence of neurocalcin in zona glomerulosa and adrenal medulla but not in zona fasciculata or zona reticularis. The restricted localization of neurocalcin in the adrenal gland suggests that a similar Ca2+signal pathway may be present in zona glomerulosa a nd the adrenal medulla.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1993

Below-elbow joint arterial reconstruction for chronic ischaemia.

Ten below-elbow joint arterial bypass grafts performed in nine patients for chronic upper extremity ischaemia are reviewed. The cause of the ischaemia was thromboangiitis obliterans in four patients, iatrogenic trauma in four and unknown aetiology in one. Graft revision was required in two patients with thromboangiitis obliterans who underwent axillary-brachial bypass. Eight grafts, including one reoperation, have remained patent from 1 to 10 years (mean 54.3 months). Graft failure after 5 months did not occur, at which time the primary patency rate was 80%. In general, the long-term patency rates of autogenous vein bypass graft to the forearm were satisfactory. Aggressive arterial reconstruction is especially indicated in significant chronic upper extremity ischaemia resulting from iatrogenic trauma, as chances of success are excellent. Clinical and technical problems of in situ vein bypass in the upper extremity are discussed.

Adult↗