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Biomedical subjects

Y Noguchi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Noguchi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Clinical significance of serum carcinoembryonic antigen in small cell lung cancer patients].

In this study, the clinical significance of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level in small cell lung cancer patients was investigated. The relationship between serum CEA level before treatment and the effect of chemotherapy was analyzed. In 97 evaluable patients with small cell lung cancer, the 26 who had elevated CEA values of 10.0 ng/ml or greater at diagnosis tended to be resistant to intravenous systemic chemotherapy. In patients with limited disease (LD), survival time of 13 patients whose CEA levels were 10.0 ng/ml or greater was shorter than that of the other LD patients. These findings suggest that small cell lung cancer patients with high serum CEA levels are less responsive to standard chemotherapy, and serum CEA level may be able to identify biologically different tumors from common small cell cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Aspects of the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of nitroimidazoles with special reference to tinidazole.

Tinidazole has been reported to be highly effective against trichomoniasis, giardiasis and amoebiasis. In vitro, tinidazole is more active against trichomonads than metronidazole and possesses antiprotozoal activity at least comparable to metronidazole against Entamoeba histolytica, Tinidazole gives higher serum levels in animals following oral administration than metronidazole and is well distributed in organs and tissues. When tinidazole or metronidazole is given to healthy volunteers at a dose of 2g orally, the serum level of tinidazole at 48h is considerably higher than that of metronidazole. At 72h tinidazole is still present but metronidazole is not. These pharmacokinetic differences result from the longer half-life of tinidazole. These findings suggest that tinidazole might prove to be more useful than metronidazole in the treatment of protozoal infections when given in once daily oral doses of 2g.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Breeding of cynomolgus monkeys through successive generations by indoor cage system.

Vital statistics on the breeding through successive generations were presented for the cynomolgus monkey colony of NIH, Tokyo. The results of this retrospective survey clearly demonstrated the third (F2) and the fourth (F3) generations could be bred and reared successfully by the indoor caged-breeding system in which either individual timed-mating or group mating procedure was adopted. Several important and difficult problems involved in the production of successive generations of the cynomolgus monkey by our breeding system were discussed from the standpoint of laboratory animal science.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Effects of cytochalasin B and dibutyryl cyclic AMP on intraleukocytic bactericidal activity.

Cytochalasin B (CB) is known to regulate the movement of intracellular microfilaments system. In this experiment, the effect of CB on the intraleukocytic bactericidal activity was first studied and concluded that CB inhibited the intracellular bactericidal activity remarkably. Addition of CB resulted in increased nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)-dye reduction, while the specific activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) and reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase of CB-treated neutrophils exhibited within the normal range. But the uptake of Glucose-1-14C or -6-14C was markedly inhibited by CB treatment. However, the following substances inhibited NBT-dye reduction in decreasing order: cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP), N6-O2' dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (DBcAMP), prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). These drugs also decreased hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS) enzyme activities. Addition of CB and DBcAMP decreased the intracellular bactericidal activity of neutrophils. But CB had no effect on intracellular levels of cAMP. From the results obtained, it is likely that intracellular bactericidal phenomena of human neutrophils are controlled by cyclic AMP cascades and by the microfilaments system, separately.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMed1976

[A clinical evaluation of the effect of cephacetrile on bacterial pneumonia. A comparative test with cefazolin by a double blind method (author's transl)].

The therapeutic efficacy of cephacetrile (CEC) in bacterial pneumonia was evaluated in contrast with that of cefazolin (CEZ) by a double blind method. Both drugs were administered via intravenous route at a dose of 1 g twice daily for 14 days. 1) Of 81 patients, each 2 from both groups were eliminated from the study because of unknown results. In CEC group, 36 out of 38 obtained a slightly effective or better results (94.7% of effectiveness). In CEZ group, 31 out of 39 showed a similar result and there was no significant difference between the two groups. 2) In more detail, CEC achieved significantly better results in AaDo2 and cardiac insufficiency than CEZ, and this trend was also seen in dyspnea. 3) Regarding background factors, pretreatment severity was slightly in favor of CEC. However, so long as supplementary analysis is concerned, we could not find any relation between the pretreatment severity of symptom and drug efficacy or improvement of symptom. 4) Since there was a slight bias in the background factors, it is difficult to conclude that CEC is better than CEZ in terms of effectiveness. However, we consider CEC is superior to CEZ if compared in details. 5) Both drugs had the same incidence of side effect (6.25%, 3/48 in both groups). When clinical efficacy of CEC in bacterial pneumonia is evaluated together with the incidence of side effect, we may consider that CEC is an effective antibiotic agent equal to or better than CEZ.

Age Factors↗