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Biomedical subjects

Y Nosaka

Publications and source records attributed to Y Nosaka.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

The effect of minocycline in rat models of inflammatory arthritis: correlation of arthritis suppression with enhanced T cell calcium flux.

Adjuvant and collagen arthritis in the rat are widely accepted T-cell-dependent counterparts of rheumatoid arthritis and were used to examine the antiinflammatory properties of minocycline. Administration of oral minocycline, a semisynthetic tetracycline, significantly decreased (P < 0.01) the incidence of arthritis in both models. In vivo exposure to minocycline also significantly increased the percentage of splenocytes exhibiting a rise in free intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) following concanavalin A stimulation (P < 0.05 in adjuvant and P < 0.01 in collagen). This enhancement was mitogen dose-dependent and supported exclusively by extracellular Ca2+. Resting [Ca2+]i levels were unaffected by minocycline and predominantly the CD4+ subset was involved. No changes were observed in weight, IgG antibodies to collagen, synoviocyte release of collagenase and prostaglandin E2, acute inflammation in an air-pouch system, or cell surface expression of activation markers (interleukin-2 and transferrin receptors) by splenocytes or lymph node cells. As a controlled [Ca2+]i rise is a critical event in normal T cell activation, minocycline's antiarthritic profile in vivo may relate to perturbed Ca2+ influx during T cell activation, an alteration that could promote the development of clinical tolerance to otherwise arthritogenic stimuli.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effect of renal prostaglandins on survival in patients with liver cirrhosis.

To assess the effect of renal prostaglandins on the prognosis of liver cirrhosis, we studied the relationship between the effect of prostaglandin synthetase inhibition by indomethacin on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (RPF) and survival in 30 patients with liver cirrhosis. After indomethacin administration, GFR dropped significantly from 86 +/- 2 ml/min to 73 +/- 3 ml/min (p less than 0.01) and RPF from 421 +/- 10 to 349 +/- 14 ml/min (p less than 0.01). Survival was not correlated with baseline GFR or RPF, but was correlated with changes in both GFR and RPF after indomethacin administration (p less than 0.01). The cumulative survival rate from 1 to 7 yr was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in patients with a decrease in GFR of less than or equal to 15% after indomethacin administration than in patients with a decrease in GFR of more than 15%. Findings for changes in RPF after indomethacin administration were similar. These results suggest that the augmentation of prostaglandin inhibition by indomethacin is associated with a poor prognosis of liver cirrhosis. It may be involved in the depletion of renal prostaglandins to maintain renal hemodynamics in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Sterol and bile acid metabolism after short-term prednisolone treatment in patients with chronic active hepatitis.

Serum levels of squalene, cholesterol and bile acid were measured before and after short-term prednisolone administration in patients with chronic active hepatitis. Comparison with normal controls indicated that serum bile acid levels were increased significantly (p less than 0.01) in patients with chronic active hepatitis, but serum levels of squalene and cholesterol did not differ significantly between the two groups. After short-term prednisolone treatment, serum levels of squalene and cholesterol were increased significantly (p less than 0.01) as compared with the pretreatment level. On the other hand, while serum fasting bile acid levels were found to be increased significantly (p less than 0.01), serum clearance after oral administration of ursodeoxycholic acid improved significantly (p less than 0.05) after treatment. These results indicated that short-term prednisolone treatment increases sterol metabolism in the liver in patients with chronic active hepatitis, resulting from an increase in hepatic clearance of bile acids.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Biliary squalene levels in hepatobiliary disease.

Following overnight fasting, biliary levels of squalene, bile salts, cholesterol and phospholipid were estimated using human bile obtained with a duodenal double lumen catheter after administration of caerulein. While the squalene level in B-bile was 6.86 microM in the control group, it fell significantly in patients with parenchymal liver diseases, especially liver cirrhosis. There was no significant change in the level in patients with cholelithiasis. Biliary squalene concentration showed a significant correlation with concentrations of bile salts, cholesterol and phospholipid. These results substantiate the possibility that the biliary squalene level reflects sterol metabolism in the liver.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Hydrocephalus associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage: clinical study by computed tomography, radioisotope cisternography and constant infusion test.

Thirteen patients exhibited a communicating hydrocephalus following subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to ruptured intracranial aneurysms and were treated with shunt procedures. The interval between subarachnoid hemorrhage and surgery averaged 9 weeks. Seven of the patients showed improvement. The prognostic value for surgical management was evaluated on the basis of three different diagnostic examinations (computed tomography(CT), cisternography and constant infusion test). A correct diagnosis was obtained in 78 per cent in cisternography, and 63 per cent in infusion test and CT. All patients responding to surgery showed a typical pattern in cisternography, consisting of ventricular retention of radiopharmaceutical tracer for 48 h or longer in association with no radioactivity over the cerebral hemispheres. The constant infusion test correlated well with typical cisternographic patterns. CT is useful in demonstrating pathophysiological changes in hydrocephalus. Periventricular hypodensity was visible in patients with normal or slightly elevated intracranial pressure, accompanied by fairly rapid deterioration. All of them responded well to shunting. In most cases which benefited from the shunt, the postoperative CT showed not only normal-sized ventricles but also marked regression of the hypodensity over a short period.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of chronic ethanol administration on serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol in rat.

In rats chronic ethanol administration was found in fasting state not to induce hypertriglyceridemia but moderate hypercholesterolemia through an increased level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol. In the liver, cholesterol contents slightly and triglyceride centents significantly increased. The result suggests that cholesterol accumulation in the liver leads to an increased level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Solubilization of 6-oxybenzo(a)pyrene radical by caffeine and DNA as studied by magnetic resonance. Observation of intermolecular charge transfer.

Crystals of 6-oxybenzo(a)pyrene free radical, formed chemically from the hydroxy derivative of the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene, can be solubilized in aqueous solutions of DNA and of caffeine. ESR spectral evidence indicate that the radicals exist as dispersed monomers associated with DNA and with caffeine. Comparison of NMR spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation times in the protons of caffeine has given direct evidence that a part of the unpaired electron (at least 10(-4)) is transferred from the radical to the associated caffeine molecule. Simple consideration of Mulliken's charge transfer theory, however, leads to the conclusion that the intermolecular charge transfer is not likely to be a major source of stabilization energy of the complex.

Benzopyrenes↗
PubMed1978

Bilateral intracerebellar calcification associated with cerebellar hematoma. Case report.

A case of bilateral intracerebellar calcificaiton associated with cerebellar hematoma on the left side is reported. Clinical and microscopic examination failed to clarify the causes of calcification and hematoma. It is postulated that hemorrhage occurred from time to time through the fragile calcified vessel walls, since some portions of the organized hematoma were composed of massive erythrocytes.

Adult↗