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Biomedical subjects

Y Okudaira

Publications and source records attributed to Y Okudaira.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Management of patients with gynecologic cancer by serum sialic acid determination.

With an enzymatic technique, serum sialic acid (SA) levels were determined in patients with gynecologic tumors. Since the SA level for healthy females was 57.4 +/- 7.3 mg/dl, we set the upper normal limit of this parameter at 72 mg/dl. The SA level became larger in ascending order of uterine myoma, benign ovarian tumor, cervical cancer, corpus cancer, and ovarian cancer. The SA level proved to be significantly higher in cancer patients showing poor prognosis than in those having good prognosis irrespective of the category of therapy and it reflected well the clinical course of cancer patients. In patients who receive a combination therapy and need to be followed up for a long term, complete follow-up is sometimes impossible with tumor-derived markers alone. Even in such cases, the sialic acid level will work as a useful follow-up marker because it is nonspecific to histologic types of cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[Growth of endometrial cancer and hormone].

Proliferation and differentiation of the normal endometrium are orderly regulated by female sex steroid hormones. In this connection, development and growth of endometrial cancer have also thought to be controlled in part by sex steroid hormones. Furthermore, some of the sex steroid hormones, progesterone, for example, are used as therapeutic agents in the management of endometrial cancer. The role of estrogen as a promotion factor of endometrial cancer is understood by unopposed estrogen hypothesis, and relative excess of estrogen unopposed by gestagen is regarded as an important factor for the development of endometrial cancer. High dose administration of gestagen has been used as a therapeutic agent of endometrial cancer over these three decades, and now the oral administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is mainstay, with response rate of approximately 30%. However, recently some cases with serious side effect, mainly thrombosis, have been reported. These cases should be regarded as a grave warning to easy usage of MPA. Therefore, the search for more effective and safe way for clinical application have to be requested; for example, clarification of the precise mechanism of anti-tumor effect of MPA on endometrial cancer or development of new hormonal therapeutic agents. Moreover, basic research in the field of cancer and hormone may create a new era in cancer therapy in the future.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Superselective transcatheter-arterial-chemo-embolization in uterine cervical cancer].

Transcatheter-arterial-chemo-embolization (TACE) was performed on 7 cases of uterine cervical cancer from T1b to T3b. The purpose of this approach is to stop the uterine bleeding caused by malignancy and disrupt the cancer cells under the feeding arteries. TACE by Seldinger's method was undertaken selectively on both uterine arteries with suspension of Lipiodol, Adriamycin and Gelfoam. In each case, the bleeding stopped soon after the operation, and the lesion began to necrose within a few days. Though the primary effects were confirmed, complete remission could not be expected, so radiation therapy was performed. The longest survival among these patients was over 6 years. It should be noted that the other major advantage claimed for TACE is to decrease the dose of radiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Establishment of tumor-specific immunotherapy model utilizing vaccinia virus-reactive helper T cell activity.

It was previously demonstrated that preimmunization of mice with live vaccinia virus (VV) and subsequent immunization with VV-infected (modified), syngeneic tumor cells resulted in enhanced induction of tumor-specific immunity through a cellular collaboration between VV-reactive helper T (VV-Th) cells and tumor-specific effector cell precursors. On the basis of this augmenting system, a tumor-specific immunotherapy model was established in which a growing tumor regressed. C3H/HeN mice were pretreated with cyclophosphamide to eliminate nonspecific suppressor T cell activity and subsequently inoculated (primed) s.c. with live VV, leading to augmented induction of VV-Th cell activities. Four weeks later, the mice were inoculated i.d. with syngeneic X5563 myeloma cells. Six days after the tumor cell inoculation, live VV was injected into the tumor mass three times at 2-day intervals. Seven of ten mice which had received VV priming and subsequent VV injection into the tumor mass exhibited complete tumor regression. On the contrary, mice which had received mere intratumoral VV injection in the absence of VV priming failed to exhibit appreciable tumor regression. Mice whose tumor had completely regressed (regressor mice) by the above VV immunotherapy were shown to have acquired systemic anti-tumor immunity, which was confirmed by a challenge with syngeneic tumor cells after the tumor regression. In vitro analysis of these immune mice revealed that potent tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses were preferentially induced, but with no detectable anti-tumor antibody responses. Such a potent tumor-specific immunity was not observed in mice which had received an intratumoral VV injection in the absence of VV priming. Thus the results clearly indicate that the tumor regression was accompanied by concurrent generation of a potent tumor-specific immunity, suggesting that the cellular collaboration between VV-Th cells and tumor-specific effector cell precursors is also functioning in this VV-immunotherapy protocol, likewise the immunoprophylactic model. Therefore, the present model provides an effective maneuver for tumor-specific immunotherapy and this system will be theoretically applicable to human cancer treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Immunotherapy of tumor-bearing mice utilizing virus help.

Utilizing vaccinia virus (VV), a tumor-specific immunotherapy model was established in which a growing tumor regressed. C3H/HeN mice were primed with VV after low dose irradiation to generate amplified VV-reactive T cell activities. Then 4 weeks later, the mice were inoculated i.d. with syngeneic MH134 hepatoma cells, and 6 days after the tumor cell inoculation, live VV was injected into the tumor mass 3 times at 2-day intervals. Of 10 mice which had received VV priming and subsequent VV injection into the tumor mass, 8 exhibited complete tumor regression. On the contrary, mice which had received only intratumoral VV injection without VV priming failed to exhibit appreciable tumor regression. Mice whose tumor had completely regressed following the VV immunotherapy were shown to have acquired systemic antitumor immunity, which was confirmed by a challenge with syngeneic tumor cells after immunotherapy. In vitro analysis of these immune mice revealed that potent tumor-specific antibody responses were preferentially induced, but with no detectable antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Such a potent tumor-specific immunity was not observed in mice which had received intratumoral VV injection in the absence of VV priming. Thus, the results clearly indicate that tumor regression was accompanied by the concurrent generation of a potent tumor-specific immunity, suggesting that cellular cooperation between VV-reactive T cells and tumor-specific effector cells might be functioning in this VV immunotherapy protocol. Therefore, the present model provides an effective maneuver for tumor-specific immunotherapy. This system is, in principle, applicable to the human situation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Heat, drugs, and radiation given in combination is palliative for unresectable esophageal cancer.

From April 1966 to April 1986, 101 men and women with unresectable squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were treated in our clinic. Since 1983, 21 were treated with a combination of hyperthermia, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (group I). Before 1983, for another 80 patients, radiation plus chemotherapy had been prescribed (group II). Nine of 21 patients in group I had an unresectable carcinoma due to an advanced tumor, 9 had an associated severe clinical status, and 3 refused surgery. Out of 80 in group II, 50 had a far advanced tumor, 21 had a poor clinical condition, and 9 refused operation. With regard to staging, for 21 in group I, 6 were classified as Stage I, 5 as Stage II, 7 as Stage III, and 3 as Stage IV. As to the 80 in group II, those in Stage I, II, III, and IV accounted for 8, 22, 39, and 11, respectively. The median doses of each modality, for patients in group I, were 6 times of hyperthermia at 42-45 degrees C for 30 minutes, 40 Gy of X ray and 30 mg of bleomycin. For patients in group II, a median dose of 56 Gy of X ray was given. Response rates determined by esophagograms and endoscopies for the patients in groups I and II were 76.2% (16/21; 4 CRs, 12 PRs) and 39.2% (31/79; 2 Crs, 29 PRs), respectively (p less than 0.001). The effective rates determined by improvement in quality of life (relief of pain and dysphagia) for groups I and II were 61.9% and 37.2%, respectively. A longer survival was obtained for patients in group I (median survival: 9 months vs 6 months). Especially for the patients classified as Stage I, a significantly longer survival was obtained with a combination of hyperthermia, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (p less than 0.01).

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Lethal effect of hyperthermochemoradiotherapy on cultured transformed cells.

Hyperthermia alone had a lethal effect on V-79 cells. Temporary exposure to hyperthermia resulted in substantial decreases in cell growth, in a time (20-120 min)- and temperature (39-44 degrees C)-dependent manner. A precipitous fall in cell growth occurred when cells were incubated at temperatures between 42 and 43 degrees C. Concomitant application of hyperthermia, bleomycin and irradiation (hyperthermochemoradiotherapy) led to a maximal effect, compared with findings in cells treated with a single or two modalities, in vitro as well as in vivo and in clinical cases. To produce a similar situation of tumor cell growth in vivo, multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS) were developed by culturing tumor cells on soft agar. The effect of various treatments on the cells was then determined. Hyperthermia had a greater effect on the inner layer (hypoxic state) of MTS than on the outer layer, while radiotherapy was more effective on the outer layer (aerobic state). The synergistic effect of the combination with hyperthermia and irradiation was exhibited in all layers of MTS. Hyperthermochemoradiotherapy may prove to be an effective and safe form of adjuvant therapy for treating clinical carcinoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The lca as an onco-fetal gene: its expression in human fetal liver.

The lca-transforming DNA was isolated from human hepatocellular carcinomas. This gene has no homology with known transforming DNA from human sources, and its role in neoplastic tissue formation has been left unanswered. In this communication, we report that RNAs prepared from human fetal livers hybridize to the lca DNA probe. The RNA is 1.8 kilobase in size and appears in the fetal liver only for a limited period during its development, viz. 19 weeks through 24 weeks of gestation. No other tissues carry detectable levels of the lca messenger RNA. Fetal hepatocytes at 5 weeks of gestation showed no transcripts of lca, but upon culturing for 2 more weeks in vitro, the cells became producers of the lca messenger RNA. These results suggest that the lca plays some role in the proliferative stage of the liver.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1988

Immunotherapy of advanced gynecologic cancer patients utilizing mumps virus.

Immunotherapy utilizing mumps virus (MV) was applied to 22 patients with advanced gynecologic cancer. Therapy schedule was based on the established concept of augmenting antitumor immunity utilizing virus-reactive helper T cell (Th) activity in a mouse system. Briefly, presensitization of cancer patients was performed subcutaneously (s.c.) with 10(8) PFU of mumps virus (MV). After increasing the anti-MV antibody activity of patients, 10(9) PFU of MV was administered locally or systemically. Marked clinical response was obtained by local (intraperitoneal or intrathoracic) injection of MV in patients with ascites or pleural fluid who had received preimmunization with MV. However, unprimed patients or patients with large tumor mass did not respond well to MV therapy. None of the patients showed untoward response to MV therapy except for controllable transient fever.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical studies on endometrial cancer].

One hundred and fifty-two cases with endometrial carcinoma were treated in our clinic between 1973 and 1985. The average age was 55.89 years, and the age range was from 29 to 76 years. Thirty-six cases (23.7%) were nulligravidas and 42 cases (27.6%) were nulliparas. One hundred and ten cases (72.4%) were postmenopausal and the average age at menopause was 49.1 years. The most frequent chief complaint was atypical genital bleeding which was noted in 128 cases (84.2%). The result of a cytologic examination of the uterine cervix was positive in 50.7% and suspicious in 16.9% but results for the endometrium were positive in 63% and suspicious in 21.9%. The cases in this study were classified into 88 cases (57.9%) of T1a, 36 cases (23.7%) of T1b, 12 cases (7.9%) of T2, 3 cases (2.0%) of T3 and 1 case (0.7%) of T4. As to the postoperative diagnosis, there were classified into 86 cases (56.6%) of pT1a, 30 cases (19.7%) of pT1b, 19 cases (12.5%) of pT2, 10 cases (6.6%) of pT3 and 5 cases (3.3%) of pT4. Histopathologically almost all 140 cases (91.41%) were of adenocarcinoma and classified into 88 cases (57.9%) of G1, 39 cases (25.7%) of G2 and 13 cases (8.6%) of G3. The cumulative survival rates after Kaplan-Meier were 95% in pT1a cases, 75.6% in pT1b cases, 67.3% in pT2 cases, 42.2% in pT3 cases and 0% in pT4 cases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Intra-epithelial carcinoma concomitant with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

A review of 222 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus revealed 67 (30.2%) with intra-epithelial carcinoma, contiguous with the main lesion. The incidences of such lesions were 10.9% and 68.0% in those given and not given preoperative irradiation, respectively. The 222 tumors were grouped into five categories, according to depth of invasion of the main lesion, those restricted to the mucosa, submucosa, proper muscular layer, and those invading the adventitia and neighboring structures. The rates of occurrence of intra-epithelial carcinoma were 87.5, 65.0, 26.9, 18.8, and 17.7%, respectively. Of the 67 with intra-epithelial carcinoma, the incidences of both proximal and distal location of such lesions were 85.7% in mucosal carcinoma, 84.6% in submucosal carcinoma, 71.4% in cancer restricted to the proper muscular layer, 50.0% in cancer invading the adventitia, and 9.1% in cancer invading the neighboring structures. Intra-epithelial carcinoma may thus originate from field carcinomatous transformation rather than from an intra-epithelial spread of the main lesions. These observations also support the concept of the field origin of carcinogenesis in the esophagus.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1987

Two-stage operation for poor-risk patients with carcinoma of the esophagus.

We have devised a two-stage operation for poor-risk patients with carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus. The first-stage operation consists of a right thoracotomy, subtotal esophagectomy, and lymph node dissection. Two to three weeks later, the second-stage operation of esophageal reconstruction with gastric tube is performed under laparotomy. During this 3-week period of no esophagus, the nutritional status can be adequately maintained by intravenous hyperalimentation. We describe herein the technique, postoperative complications, and mortality of our two-stage operation as compared with events during an ordinary one-stage operation for carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Spontaneous regression of pituitary mass in temporal association with pregnancy.

We have encountered a case of a pituitary mass which emerged and enlarged during pregnancy in a 29-year-old woman. On CT scaning the mass disappeared over the course of four months postpartum and was followed by pituitary hypofunction. The hypofunction was restricted to ACTH, GH, and PRL. The visual field defects, bitemporal hemianopsia, disappeared with disappearance of the pituitary mass on CT scanning, indicating that such deficits during this period were reversible. Based on the clinical course and laboratory data, this case is thought to have been lymphocytic adenohypophysitis. It was concluded that among pituitary tumors developing during pregnancy there are some such cases which do not require surgical therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Use of intragastric balloons for weight reduction. An experimental study.

The effect of intragastric balloons as a noninvasive method for weight reduction was observed in nine castrated Yorkshire pigs. None of the animals lost weight. The appetites of the experimental animals were inhibited for only a short period of time. A significant dilatation of the stomach after balloon insertion was noted which resulted from increased food intake and obliterated the effect of the intragastric balloons. A long-standing lower blood glucose level played an important role in the increments in food intake and dilatation of the stomach. At the same time, ulceration was seen in 83.3 percent of the animals that received balloons. We conclude that intragastric balloon therapy may not be an effective approach for managing morbid obesity in human subjects.

Animals↗