Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Y Ormezzano.
As know by the singers, the possibilities of the voice vary during the day. The study aims to determine whether the mean pich of the voice can be a valuable chronobiological index of this variability.
Like any modality of perception, the processes of hearing can be divided up into two levels: modular or primary, and symbolic or central. Multiple-canal implantation is rather applied to the former mechanism, single-canal implantation to the latter. A bank of electrical signals recognizable from each other is being built up. It may be utilized in single-canal systems using this vocabulary to form sentences. The proper phonetic feature to be matched will then have to be selected.
The insertion of reliable extracochlear single-canal cochlear implants in cophotic and subcophotic patients allows the electrical stimulation of the acoustic nerve for rehabilitation, as well as audiovestibular explorations that are no longer possible in the acoustic mode. The authors therefore aim at replacing all these examinations with their Electrical equivalent: --early evoked potentials (E-BERA), --medium-latency evoked potentials (E-MLR), --Event-related evoked potentials (E-P300), for which, to our knowledge, theses are the first recordings, --electrical stapedial reflex, --vestibular stimulations. The method, results and clinical and physiological applications of each method are given, as well as its prospects.
Signal processing by cochlear implants is aimed at transmitting all the acoustic information carried by the human voice, whether in its semantic, esthetic or affective aspects, as an electrical signal. The "translating" approach, which encodes the signal according to the characteristics of the sounds, can only be ideally used in multiple-canal implants. On the contrary, our experience with various single-canal prostheses shows that our patients choose one of these according to the comfort of the signal and to its reliability rather than to the complexity of signal processing: all prostheses produce approximately the same results, whatever the method implemented. The contour implant allows an easy, effective and well-tolerated fitting at low costs.
All functional exploration, and that of the voice is not an exception to the rule, calls for "setting values". The need for a quantification fo the human voice is legitimate but may lead to the contrary of the goal sought if a few basic principles are not respected and may supply some erroneous pathological results. The imperatives are linked together by a strict protocol, knowledge of measured parameters and the manner in which the signal treatment supplies them. We shall show, step by step, the utility of applying these principles with a few concrete examples.
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