Biomedical subjects

Y Patt

Publications and source records attributed to Y Patt.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1979

Local xenogeneic graft-vs-host reaction: a practical assessment of T cell function among cancer patients.

The local xenogeneic graft-vs-host reaction (XGVHR) was used as a practical bioassay to assess T lymphocyte function and immunocompetence among cancer patients. Positive XGVHR was found in 99.5% of normal donors, 70% of cancer patients with early stage disease, and 30% of cancer patients with metastatic disease (p less than 0.001). A minimum of 4.5 x 10(6) immunocompetent T lymphocytes are necessary in order to elicit a positive XGVHR. Negative reactions among cancer patients are characterized by the lack of edema fluid accumulation and the appearance of the most basophils at the test site. This suggests that insufficient amounts of lymphokines are being released by the incompetent T lymphocytes, whereas the host is capable of mounting a rejection reaction as evidenced by the appearance of the basophils. Preliminary evidence suggests that the immunologic defect detected by the XGVHR cannot be corrected by monocyte depletion. The identification of putative suppressor T cell subsets may bear immunotherapeutic implications in the future.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Trypsin-induced increase in intracellular cyclic AMP of lymphocytes.

Trypsin increases intracellular levels of cylic AMP (cAMP) in lymphocytes. The trypsin-induced increase in cAMP is blocked by specific trypsin inhibitors and by high concentrations of different proteins. Several proteolytic enzymes from various sources, including other pancreatic proteases, do not cause an increase in cAMP under the same experimental conditions. Immobilized trypsin induced the same increase in cAMP as does free trypsin. The trypsin-induced rise in cAMP is not due to inhibition of cAMP phosphodiesterase, but consistent activation of adenylate cyclase by trypsin could not be demonstrated. The extent of the trypsin-induced increase in intracellular cAMP correlates with the type of the lymphocyte and with the state of maturity attained by the cells. Transformed lymphocytes and nonlymphoid cells do not react at all.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Infectious complications of hepatic artery catheterization procedures in patients with cancer.

A total of 353 hepatic artery catheterization procedures were carried out in 211 patients with cancer over a 1-year period (January-December 1988). The procedures included 49 embolizations in 32 patients, 123 chemoembolizations in 73 patients, and 181 chemoinfusions in 106 patients. The overall infection rate was 3.4%. Infectious complications occurred in 3.1% of patients undergoing hepatic artery embolization alone, 1.9% of patients undergoing hepatic artery chemoinfusion, and 4.1% of patients undergoing hepatic artery embolization followed by chemoinfusion. Four patients had infectious complications that included four episodes each of cholangitis, liver abscess, and septicemia. One patient developed a subphrenic abscess in addition to a liver abscess. Enteric gram-negative bacilli (aerobic and anaerobic) were isolated from all four patients. None of the patients had received prophylactic antibiotics. All patients responded to antimicrobial therapy and percutaneous drainage of abscesses.

Bacteremia↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Infections associated with biliary drainage procedures in patients with cancer.

A total of 170 therapeutic biliary drainage procedures were carried out in 90 patients with cancer over a 1-year period (January-December 1988). There were 129 percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage procedures done in 61 patients and 41 endoprostheses were placed in 29 patients. The overall infection rate related to these procedures was 60.6%, the rate being similar for the two procedures. Infectious complications were experienced by 50% of patients undergoing a biliary drainage procedure. The most common manifestation was cholangitis followed by bacteremia. Other infections included liver abscess, gallbladder abscess, and subphrenic abscess. The most common isolates were enteric gram-negative bacilli, followed by Enterococcus species, Candida species, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The use of prophylactic antibiotics in 76% of infected patients failed to prevent biliary catheter-related infections. Two patients died of complications related to biliary sepsis. All other infected patients responded to antimicrobial therapy, which included various regimens of beta-lactam agents (third-generation cephalosporin, extended-spectrum penicillin, imipenem-cilastatin, and aztreonam) that were used in combination with an aminoglycoside in 15 patients.

Abscess↗