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Biomedical subjects

Y Q Zhang

Publications and source records attributed to Y Q Zhang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Decreased immunoreactive (IR) calcitonin gene-related peptide correlates with sprouting of IR-peptidergic and serotonergic neuronal processes in spinal cord and brain nuclei from the Wobbler mouse during motoneuron disease.

The Wobbler mouse possesses an inherited form of motoneuron disease that expresses itself most dramatically in the forelimbs. Previous immunocytochemical (ICC) studies have shown that neuronal processes containing substance P (SP), thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and serotonin (5-HT) seem to sprout in the ventral horn of the cervical spinal cord taken from the Wobbler mouse. By radioimmunoassay, increased concentrations of spinal SP, TRH, and 5-HT, as well as leucine and methionine enkephalins (LE, ME) have been documented. The present ICC study quantifies the numbers of neuronal processes in the Wobbler cervical spinal cord and brainstem which contain SP, 5-HT, LE, ME and other neuropeptides (cholecystokinin, CCK; neuropeptide Y; galanin; calcitonin gene-related peptide, CGRP). It is proposed that those processes that sprout early in the mononeuron disease (5-HT, LE, ME, CCK and also TRH according to other studies) may be involved in the etiology. In addition, it is hypothesized that the loss of CGRP within the ventral horn may represent the loss of a trophic factor that is important to the survival motoneurons and may influence the increase of fiber densities around the dying motoneurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Origin and evolutionary characteristics of antigenic reassortant influenza A (H1N2) viruses isolated from man in China.

During the 1988/1989 influenza season, five antigenic reassortant influenza A (H1N2) viruses not previously isolated from man were isolated in Hebei province, People's Republic of China. All isolates contained haemagglutinins (HAs) and neuraminidases (NAs) which were antigenically similar to those of the recent Russian (H1N1) and Hong Kong influenza A (H3N2) viruses, respectively. The results of antigenic and nucleotide sequence analyses revealed that the genes encoding the polymerase, nucleoprotein, NA, matrix and non-structural proteins of the reassortant A/Hebei/24/89 (H1N2) virus were derived from the H3N2 parent virus, whereas its HA gene was from the H1N1 parent virus. The nucleotide sequences of the HA (encoding the HA1 subunit) and NA genes of the reassortant viruses were also determined. Phylogenetic trees constructed from these data by the neighbour-joining method revealed that the HA gene of the reassortant virus was closely related to those of recent human H1N1 viruses, whereas the NA gene was related to a recent human Hong Kong (H3N2) virus lineage.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1991

Adoptive immunotherapy using lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin-2 in preventing and treating spontaneous pulmonary metastases of syngeneic Dunning rat prostate tumor.

Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells were generated from splenocytes of rats bearing a weakly immunogenic Dunning prostate tumor (R-3227 AT-3) and activated with recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2). The maximal LAK activity was obtained from splenocytes of rats bearing tumors for 10 to 14 days after incubation with 1000 U/ml./day of rIL-2 for five to eight days. The majority of these LAK cells expressed high levels of asialo GM1 (89%), laminin (83%), OX-19 (80%) and OX-8 (88%) surface markers. LAK cells exhibited higher cytotoxicity to rat prostate tumor cells and mouse lymphoma in vitro than to other non-prostate tumor cells or normal rat splenocytes and thymocytes. Splenocytes of rats bearing prostate tumors have higher LAK activity than normal splenocytes. The Winn type assay showed that Dunning prostate tumor growth was inhibited effectively by LAK cells at a tumor cell:LAK cell ratio of 1:50. The therapeutic efficacy of LAK cells in the treatment of primary solid prostate tumors and pulmonary metastases of Dunning rats was evaluated. LAK cells in combination with rIL-2 showed a greater therapeutic benefit in 1) prevention of prostate tumor metastases to lung, 2) retardation of the primary tumor growth, 3) regression of spontaneously established pulmonary metastases, and 4) prolongation of survival as compared to untreated controls or those groups treated with LAK cells or rIL-2 alone. The results of this study indicate that the conjunctive therapeutic approach of using surgical therapy to remove primary solid tumors followed by adoptive immunotherapy with LAK cells plus in vivo administration of IL-2 may be potentially valuable in the treatment of prostate tumors, particularly for the spontaneous pulmonary metastases.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Respiratory effects of microinjection of three kinds of neurotransmitters in ventromedial region of nucleus facialis].

The effects of microinjection of three kinds of neurotransmitters in ventromedial region of nucleus facialis (VMNF) on respiration were observed in vagotomized, spontaneously breathing rabbits anesthetized with urethane. Microinjection of adrenaline in VMNF induced a marked increase in respiratory rate and amplitude of integrated phrenic activity associated with an increase in the initial rate of rise of inspiratory activity. However, alpha-receptor antagonist tolazoline elicited marked decreases in respiratory rate accompanied by little or no changes in amplitude of integrated phrenic activity and initial rate of rise of inspiratory activity. The respiratory effects of microinjection of adrenaline were blocked by previous injection of tolazoline. Microinjection of GABA and glycine resulted in a decrease of respiratory frequency. These results suggest that adrenaline, GABA and glycine may modulate respiration by acting on VMNF neurons as neurotransmitters.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Effects on respiratory rhythmicity by lesion or focal block in ventromedial region of nucleus facialis].

Experiments were performed on 42 urethane-anesthetized rabbits of both sexes. The rabbits were either spontaneously breathing or gallamine paralyzed and artificially ventilated. Efferent phrenic nerve activity was recorded with bipolar silver electrodes. The experiment results were as follows: Unilateral mechanical lesion of focal block by microinjection of lidocaine (2%, 1 microliter) in the ventromedial region of nucleus facialis (VMNF) consistently caused apneustic-type breathing associated with no significant changes in the rate of rise of inspiratory activity. The expiratory time (Te) was only slightly affected or not changed at all. Some increase in Te was present only when a very strong apneustic effect was evoked. Respiratory effects of focal block by lidocaine in the region of VMNF were not accompanied by changes in blood pressure. No significant changes in respiratory rhythm were observed when lidocaine is microinjected in the nearby regions of VMNF. The results suggest that VMNF appears to be involved in an inspiratory off-switch mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of herbal prostatitis decoction on experimental prostatitis in rats].

Herbal prostatitis decoction is a great effective prescription to treat chronic prostatitis in promoting the blood circulation and relieving the stasis. The authors had succeeded in making rats experimental fibrous proliferation type prostatitis models by using xiaozhiling injection method. Rats were divided into two groups: the decoction-given group (DG) and the water-given group (WG). Microscopically, both inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroblast proliferation of interstitial tissue in the DG were slight than the WG (P less than 0.025, P less than 0.05). Transmission electron microscopic observations showed both the secretary particles and metal-granule-like substances (including Zn) of the gland cells in the DG were obviously increased. The lysosomes in the cytoplasm were increased also. The results performed a certain experimental basis for the functional mechanism of the herbal prostatitis decoction treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Miniaturization of a liquid membrane sensor for the determination of bile acids.

The preparation of a compound liquid ion exchanger used for the miniaturization of bile acid sensitive microelectrode is described. The liquid ion exchanger is 2% benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium cholate in decanol/0.1 M hexadecyltributylammonium taurocholate in 5% hexachlorobenzene, 0.5% bromoacetanilide O-dichlorobenzene. The slopes, detection limits, selectivity coefficients, drifts and response time of the various bile acid sensitive microelectrodes are evaluated and compared.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1990

[The physiologic disposition and pharmacokinetics of guaiacol acetylsalicylate in rats].

Guaiacol acetylsalicylate (GASL) has been shown to possess significant anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and expectorant activities and has been used clinically in chronic bronchitis with fairly good results. In the present work, the absorption, distribution and excretion of metabolites of the drug were studied in rats using quantitative TLC scanning technique. GASL was shown to be unstable in rat gastrointestinal tract and guaiacol salicylate (GSLT) and salicylic acid (SLA) were found in plasma. The plasma SLA concentration-time curve obtained after oral administration of GASL to rats was shown to fit a one compartment open model with the following pharmacokinetic parameters: T1/2ka = 1.25 h, T1/2ke = 3.28 h, ka = 0.5554/h, ke = 0.2111/h, Tmax = 3.02 h, Cmax = 331.46 micrograms/ml, AUC = 2832.93 micrograms/ml.h The SLA concentration was found to be high in muscle, moderate in spleen, testicle, kidney, lung, plasma, heart and liver and low in brain. The GSLT concentration was found to be low in plasma and organs. Within 24 h following ig administration of GASL the total SLA excreted in urine and feces was 10.9 and 0.41 of the GASL dose, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of scopolia drugs on the gastric mucosal lesion in rats].

In the present paper, effects of scopolia drugs (scopolamine, anisodine, anisodamine) on experimental gastric mucosal lesion models in rats were investigated. Scopolia drugs were found to be effective anti-ulcer agents in three experimental gastric ulcer models (i.e. cold-restraint stress induced ulcer, indomethacin induced ulcer and acetic acid induced chronic ulcer) in rats in a dose dependent manner. Biochemical analysis of gastric juice and blood showed that scopolia drugs could inhibit gastric acid secretion and pepsin activity, increase gastric barrier mucus and concentration of serum gastrin, suggesting that these actions may contribute to its anti-ulcer effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A computerized image analysis method for measuring elastic tissue.

A computerized image analysis technique for quantifying area fractions of elastic tissue in light microscopic sections is presented that considers the nonuniform distribution of the elastic tissue. The method uses Verhoeff-van Gieson stained sections. The analysis is stratified vertically in three uniform layers starting at the dermo-epidermal junction and horizontally by two schemes. A standard method consists of five equally spaced measurements. The densest method uses the three areas that contain the most elastic tissue. The area fractions are determined by counting the positive and total pixels (thresholding). A validity test utilizing independent physical measurements demonstrated differences of no more than 1.7%. Reliability tests for reading the same section on different days and adjacent sections showed no significant differences (p less than 0.05) between the readings. Reliability tests of sections using different stain lots and adjacent biopsy sites also did not have significant differences. This method may be particularly useful for studies in which the distribution of the material to be measured may be very uneven, such as in solar elastosis.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1989

Detecting giardia lamblia antigen in fecal matter with counterimmuno-electrophoresis in diagnosis of giardiasis.

Feces specimens from 35 patients with parasitologically confirmed giardiasis, 41 with acute gastroenteritis, 23 with acute bacillary dysentery, 40 normal persons as well as 15 jirds experimentally infected with Giardia lamblia were used for detecting parasite antigen by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). It revealed that 33 (94%) of the 35 patients with giardiasis and 14 (93%) of 15 infected jirds were positive, while the other cases, either normal person or normal jird were negative. CIE was also performed in 4 with giardiasis before and after metronidazole treatment. Prior to metronidazole administration, they were all CIE positive, but from the second day on, all became CIE negative. Apparently, detecting giardia antigen in feces specimens by CIE is not only sensitive in detecting current infection but also helpful in evaluating the effects of antigiardia agents on giardiasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A preliminary report on screening for congenital hypothyroidism in newborns with time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TR-FIA) of TSH.

From November 1986 to September 1987, 27,253 newborns were screened for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) with Time-Resolved Fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA) for TSH concentrations in specimens of dried blood spots on filter paper. Specimens were obtained in 12 hospitals by heel pricking of the babies 48-72 hours after birth. The specimens with TSH concentration higher than 20 mu u/ml were retested, and the babies were called back for confirmation of CH by TSH, T3, T4, Tg serum radioimmunoassay etc. and bone-age radiography if the repeated tests were positive. In the present series, 337 specimens were retested (1.23%). Altogether 25 babies were recalled (0.09%) and CH was confirmed in 5 cases, giving a screening incidence of 1:5 450. In addition, one case failed to respond to the recall because of a wrong address. TR-FIA or DELFIA (Pharmacia-LKB) is non-radioactive and does no harm to man and the environment, and is thus feasible in ordinary laboratories. The method is sensitive and the results are reproducible, with a precision of 1.4 mu u/ml. Being rapid in terms of measurement time, it is suitable for mass screening.

Congenital Hypothyroidism↗
PubMed1989

[A diagnostic kit for rapid microenzyme linked immunosorbent assay of paragonimiasis].

With a diagnostic kit for paragonimiasis we recently developed, 112 active paragonimiasis cases were examined and 111 (99.1%) of them showed positive reaction. Sera of 100 healthy persons all showed negative reaction, while 2.3% (3/130) of the patients with other parasitic diseases showed a week cross reaction. Sera of 40 cases with non-parasitic pulmonary diseases also showed negative reaction. The reciprocal titre of cases of paragonimiasis in terms of geometrical mean (GMRT) versus that of normal person was 1396 to 21 (P less than 0.0001). The reproduction and stability of this kit was satisfactory and no significant changes were noted when being kept in room temperature for 12 weeks or being treated with heat (37 degrees C 30', 56 degrees C 30', 64 degrees C 30', 100 degrees C 1', 2', 3', in water bath). When the antigen was treated in 100 degrees C water bath for 30', the OD value obtained with positive control serum showed a slight decrease, but OD value of the positive specimen was still 2.1 times higher than that of negative specimen. There was no significant difference whether the antigen was lyophilized or not. When the antigen was purified by sephadex G 100 gel column, the G100-1 portion showed higher antigenic activity and specificity, but it was not as sensitive as the crude antigen.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Efficacy of ivermectin in hookworms as examined in Ancylostoma caninum infections.

Single oral doses of ivermectin were given to dogs with moderate or heavy infections of Ancylostoma caninum (egg counts ranging from 7,100 to 41,700 eggs/g feces) at 100, 50, 30, or 10 micrograms/kg body weight. Each of these dosages was effective in clearing the infection completely, so that numerous worms were passed in the feces on days 1-3, but no worm was recovered from the intestinal tract at necropsy on day 4 after treatment. In contrast, an average of 178 worms per dog was recovered at necropsy from the vehicle-treated control and the untreated animals. Albendazole, a known anti-hookworm agent, even in a dose of 400 mg, eliminated only 21-65% of the worms harbored by the infected animals. No untoward reaction to ivermectin or significant pathological change was noted in the experimental animals. In vitro experiments demonstrated that ivermectin: (1) was highly detrimental to actively motile adult worms in concentrations greater than 5.60 micrograms/ml; (2) was detrimental to eggs inside the uterine tissue of female worms in dosages at or greater than 10 micrograms/kg body weight; and (3) killed infected larvae in concentrations as low as 0.0025 micrograms/ml.

Albendazole↗
PubMed1988

Clear cell lymphoma: a clinicopathological study of four cases.

Four cases of clear cell lymphoma were studied by means of light and electron microscopy, enzyme-histochemistry, and E- and EAC-rosette formation. On light microscopic examination the tumors were seen to be composed mainly of round, oval, or slight irregular cells with water-clear, abundant cytoplasm. The neoplastic cells has round, oval, or convoluted nuclei with fine, evenly dispersed chromatin and one or more small but distinct nucleoli. On electron microscopic examination the clear cell lymphoma were characterized by lymphoid cells with striking electron lucent cytoplasm with few organelles. According to E-rosette test and enzyme-histochemical findings, the investigators proposed that the clear cell lymphoma may be derived from T-cell lineages. Differentiated diagnoses of clear cell lymphoma from B-immunoblastic sarcoma, pleomorphic cell lymphoma, clear cell sarcoma, and clear carcinomas derived from lung, ovary, or kidney were discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗