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Biomedical subjects

Y S Erozan

Publications and source records attributed to Y S Erozan.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Flexible transbronchial needle aspiration. Technical considerations.

Flexible transbronchial needle aspiration provides a bronchoscopic method for the diagnosis and staging of mediastinal neoplasms. Increasing experience has confirmed the usefulness of this procedure and has identified several technical factors that influence its yield and safety.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The cytopathologic diagnosis of esophageal adenocarcinoma.

The diagnostic cytologic features were analyzed in 18 cases of histopathologically proven esophageal adenocarcinoma accessioned at the Johns Hopkins Hospital between 1975 and 1988 for which cytologic material was available. Primary esophageal adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in 15 of 18 cytologic specimens (83%); in 3 cases (17%), carcinoma was suspected, but the changes were nondiagnostic. The most consistent cytologic changes included both architectural features (loss of orientation and nuclear crowding) and criteria of malignancy (high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios and prominent nucleoli). In the 15 diagnostic cases, the nucleoli were small in 8 and round in 11; in the majority of these cases, the nuclei contained one to three nucleoli. In addition, nuclear and cytoplasmic molding was seen in 9 of these 15 cases, hyperchromasia was present in 8, coarse chromatin clumps were seen in 5, and tissue fragments tended to be multilayered. Review of the three nondiagnostic cases showed that scant material was present in two; the third case had abundant material, but only nondiagnostic changes, suggesting a sampling error. Barrett mucosa was seen in 7 of the 18 cases. These cases show that esophageal adenocarcinoma can be reliably diagnosed on cytologic preparations, based on the consistent architectural features and the usual cellular criteria of malignancy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytodiagnosis of viral infections in body cavity fluids.

Pleural and pericardial fluid specimens have been studied in seven patients with diagnosis of viral infection. Intranuclear inclusions, multinucleated giant cells with gelatinous nuclear changes and atypical mesothelial cells were observed. These observations suggest that viral involvement of the mesothelium produces cellular changes which can be detected cytologically in routine Papanicolaou-stained body cavity fluid specimens.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytopathology laboratory accreditation, with special reference to the American Society of Cytology programs.

The features of the Laboratory Accreditation Program of the American Society of Cytology that pertain to quality assurance in cytopathology are reviewed. The areas considered include: (1) specimen procurement and cytopreparation, (2) the role of the cytotechnologist in cytoscreening, evaluation and reporting, (3) the role of the cytopathologist and (4) quality control measures. Attention to the issues raised in these areas is essential to achieving the best possible cytopathology practice in the most efficient and economical manner.

Accreditation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epithelial atypias associated with intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUD).

A total of 99 gynecologic smears with atypical cells from 74 patients wearing IUDs was reviewed. Endometrial and cervical tissues were examined. The cases were categorized into two groups, reparative and epithelial atypias. The latter category was further divided into three subgroups: squamous, columnar, and indeterminate type. The squamous atypia has classical features and is believed to be not significantly related to the IUD. Columnar atypia can strongly suggest cells shed from an adenocarcinoma. Indeterminate type of atypia is characterized by abnormal cells which can resemble cells shed from carcinoma in situ. Unlike the latter, the atypical cells from IUD are usually multinucleated, contain nucleoli, and are not associated with cells from severe cervical atypia. They are probably of endometrial origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rigid transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy for histological specimens.

Transbronchial needle aspiration of cytopathological specimens has proven useful in the diagnosis and staging of bronchogenic carcinoma, but its value in conditions requiring histologic confirmation has been hampered by the small size of the sample provided. To expand the utility of this procedure, we designed a larger (18 gauge) needle with a beveled stylet with which tissue cores for histologic study can be obtained during rigid bronchoscopy, and we have evaluated the safety and efficacy of this technique. Diagnoses of five neoplastic and three granulomatous diseases were established in eight of the ten patients with this procedure, and there were no complications. These findings suggest that transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy is relatively safe and effective, further extending the bronchoscopic approach to selected patients with mediastinal disease.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparative cytopathologic study of noninvasive and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

Atypical cells and tissue fragments from the sputum of patients with early and advanced stages of squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchus are objectively characterized and quantitatively compared in this paper. Four classes of single-cell features of cytoplasm, nucleus, nucleolus and nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio are analyzed as a function of cell size and tumor development stage. Distinct differences in the cellular patterns are observed which may enhance cytologic discrimination between noninvasive and invasive stages of squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchus. Initial results justify the application of more sensitive measurement techniques (i.e., automated cytology) to an enlarged data base.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psammoma bodies in small cell carcinoma of the lung: a case report.

Psammoma bodies are ovoid, laminated concretions that, when detected in malignant effusions, suggest the existence of an underlying papillary carcinoma, usually of the thyroid gland, ovary or endometrium. Although psammoma bodies have been reported to arise from a wide variety of papillary tumors, origin in a carcinoma of the lung is uncommon, and origin in small cell carcinoma has not been previously reported. This paper documents an unusual case in which psammoma bodies were detected in a malignant pleural effusion in a patient with small cell carcinoma of the lung. Autopsy demonstrated their site of origin to be visceral pleura of lung and a metastatic nodule on the pleural surface of the diaphragm.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Safe separation of sputum cells from mucoid glycoprotein.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficacy of homogenizing sputum with deoxyribonuclease I (DNAse I), dithiothreitol (DTT), N-acetyl-L-cysteine, sodium EDTA and trypsin against standard mechanical blending to provide mucus-free, single-cell suspensions for quantitative analysis. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical sputum specimens or cultured human bronchogenic carcinoma cells were preserved in 2% polyethylene glycol/50% ethanol, divided into aliquots, counted and stained (Papanicolaou and avidin-biotin complex immunostained) at baseline. Cells of each aliquot were separated from mucus by the standard physical blending method or by chemical or enzymatic mucus liquefaction. After staining, washing and resuspending in the original volume of polyethylene glycol/ethanol mixture, aliquots were again counted and stained. RESULTS: Cell counts, Papanicolaou staining and immunostaining showed that homogenization of induced, preserved sputum with 0.5 mM DTT is safe and provides mucus-free monolayers for immunocytochemistry and single-cell suspensions for flow cytometry. Mucolysis with 0.5 mM DTT resulted in a significant (16%) increase in cells available. In contrast, mechanical blending resulted in up to a 24% reduction in specimen cellularity. CONCLUSION: Homogenization with low-concentration DTT will probably facilitate the exploration of sputum for protein and gene markers of carcino genesis.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of laboratory reports to assess cervical cancer screening in a community.

Cancer of the uterine cervix, the sixth most common cancer among women, is still considered a significant health problem, despite declining mortality rates during recent decades. In Baltimore, the age-adjusted mortality rates for cervical cancer are significantly higher than the U.S. average, for both black and white women. Early detection of cervical cancer through screening with the Papanicolaou (Pap) test has shown to decrease mortality by preventing development of invasive disease, and intervention programs have been developed to increase use of Pap testing. However, the evaluation of those programs is difficult, as self-reports of Pap screening may be inaccurate, and repeated inquiries about Pap tests may influence the behavior being studied. We report in this article a method to use data from cytopathology laboratories to estimate the use of Pap screening by women in a defined population. This approach can be used to evaluate changes in receipt of Pap smears and to provide feedback to intervention programs.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy by stereotactic brain biopsy utilizing immunohistochemistry and the polymerase chain reaction.

This report describes the diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in nine patients using cytopathologic and histopathologic examination of computed tomographically guided stereotactic brain biopsies in combination with immunostaining for SV-40-related antigen and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the JC virus. In four patients the diagnosis of PML was based on the microscopic appearance of the biopsies and immunostaining for SV-40-related antigen. In one of these patients the diagnosis was also supported by PCR for the JC virus. In two patients whose biopsies were only suggestive of PML, a definitive diagnosis was possible utilizing immunohistochemistry and PCR. In another case the histopathologic features were atypical of PML, and the diagnosis was established with immunostaining and PCR. The diagnosis of PML was established by PCR alone in two patients whose biopsies showed only suggestive or nonspecific findings. We conclude that the accuracy of stereotactic biopsy in the diagnosis of PML is enhanced by using a combination of light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and PCR.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Exfoliative cytology in the diagnosis of immunologic rejection in the transplanted kidney.

Urinary cytology was used in the study of 57 patients who received renal allografts. In general, there was close correlation between the cytologic and clinical evidence of rejection and, at least in some instances, rejection was detected cytologically prior to the onset of clinical signs and symptoms. A cytologic profile associated with rejection was established. This had as its main feature an increased number of tubular cells, particularly those that were small and degenerating. An associated background of cellular debris and casts was found to be of major significance. Intranuclear inclusions suggestive of viral infections were present in 15 patients. Cellular atypias caused by factors other than immunologic rejection were seen but none were of a malignant nature. It was considered of importance that the method described in this study could be carried out in a routine diagnostic cytopathology laboratory by cytotechnologists and cytopathologists who had received only a brief period of special training in the field of transplant cytology.

Cell Nucleus↗