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Biomedical subjects

Y S Hsu

Publications and source records attributed to Y S Hsu.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Effectiveness of tranilast on restenosis after directional coronary atherectomy.

Tranilast is an antiallergic drug used widely in Japan that also inhibits the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. This pilot study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of tranilast on restenosis after successful directional coronary atherectomy. After the procedure, 40 patients (56 lesions, tranilast group) were treated with oral tranilast for 3 months, and 152 patients (188 lesions, control group) did not receive tranilast. Angiographic and clinical variables were compared between the two groups. The minimal lumen diameter was significantly larger in the tranilast group than in the control group at both 3-month (2.08 vs 1.75 mm, p = 0.004) and 6-month follow-up (2.04 vs 1.70 mm, p = 0.003). The diameter stenosis in the tranilast group was smaller than that in the control group both 3 months (28% vs 40%, p = 0.0007) and 6 months (30% vs 43%, p = 0.0001) after the procedure, with a lower restenosis rate (percent diameter stenosis > or =50) in the tranilast group at 3 months (11 % vs 26%, p = 0.03). The number of clinical events over the 12-month period after the procedure was significantly reduced by tranilast administration (p = 0.013). These findings suggest that the oral administration of tranilast strongly prevents restenosis after directional coronary atherectomy.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Alterations in pulmonary function after retroperitoneoscopic surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare changes in pulmonary function after retroperitoneoscopic and open surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From June 1994 to October 1995. 11 patients (five men and six women, mean age 44.7 years, range 29-69) underwent retroperitoneoscopic procedures (Group 1) and 11 patients (eight men and three women, mean age 57.5 years, range 22-73) underwent flank-incision procedures (Group 2). The surgery comprised eight adrenalectomies and one each of nephroureterectomy, nephrectomy and pyelolithotomy in Group 1, and five adrenalectomies, four nephroureterectomies, one ureterolithotomy and one excision of a retroperitoneal tumour in Group 2. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were performed before and 3 days after surgery; the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced expiratory volume at 25% (FEV25%), FEV1/FVC, vital capacity (VC), total lung capacity (TLC), residual lung volume (RV) and functional residual capacity (FRC) were compared between the groups. The post-operative changes in the PFTs were assessed using a paired t-test and the degree of change in both groups compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Other factors possibly influencing PFT were analysed using multiple regression. RESULTS: Pulmonary function was impaired in both groups on the third day after surgery. In Group 2, the FVC, FEV1, FEV25%, VC and TLC had declined significantly (all P < 0.05) from the pre-operative value. In Group 1, only the FVC and VC decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Post-operative pulmonary complications occurred in two patients in Group 2 but in none of those in Group 1, showing that pulmonary function was generally less affected in Group 1 than in Group 2. CONCLUSION: Although pulmonary function was impaired 3 days after surgery in both groups, retroperitoneoscopic surgery, by eliminating a large flank incision, caused less post-operative pulmonary dysfunction than open surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Urinary bladder endometriosis: a report of two cases.

Endometriosis of the urinary tract is uncommon, and the most common site of involvement is urinary bladder. Two cases of endometriosis of urinary bladder are presented. The first patient, a 39-year-old woman, complained of dysuria during menstruation and the other 37-year-old woman suffered from intermittent gross hematuria. Pre-operative examinations included ultrasonography, computed tomography and cystoscopic biopsy. Case 1 was in premenopausal status, but the serum estrogen level of case 2 was in postmenopausal status because she was given no exogenous estrogen after previous bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Endometriosis of urinary bladder rarely occurs in postmenopausal woman without exogenous estrogen replacement. Case 1 received danazole treatment after transurethral resection of bladder tumor and case 2 received partial cystectomy after transurethral resection of bladder tumor. The patients were followed 36 and 4 months, respectively, and the symptoms kept improving during this period.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Transcriptional regulation by p53. Functional interactions among multiple regulatory domains.

The tumor suppressor p53 protein possesses activities typical of eukaryotic transcriptional activators; p53 binds to specific DNA sequences and stimulates transcription of the target genes. By a series of deletion and domain-swapping studies, we report here that (i) p53 has two auxiliary domains, which have little effect on the DNA binding activity of its core domain but are capable of modulating its transactivation activity in a target site-dependent manner; (ii) p53 contains two cell-specific transcriptional inhibitory domains, I1 and I2, which are active in Saos-2 and HeLa cells but not in HepG2 and Hep3B cells; and (iii) I1 inhibits the activity of several structurally different activating regions. These results demonstrate that the apparent transcriptional activity of p53 is determined by collaborations among its regulatory domains, its target sites, and the cellular environment.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

A quantifiable approach in the comparison of isokinetic assessment data--new correlation equations for the Johnson antishear device and standard shin pad in the isokinetic assessment of the knee.

The rehabilitation of the knee with a deficient anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) always presents a great challenge. Isokinetic assessment allows muscle performance to be quantified. The antishear device, introduced by Johnson, has the distinct advantage of minimizing the anterior translation force during isokinetic exercise. In a previous report, there was a significant difference between the Johnson double pad antishear device and the standard single pad device in knee extension. The main purpose of this study was to define a correlation equation such that data generated in the use of the two different devices can be compared for assessment. Ten subjects were tested with the Cybex isokinetic dynamometer with a randomly selected sequence of test speeds. Correlation coefficient (r), regression analysis and paired t tests (P) were performed to estimate the correlation and difference between the two devices. It is concluded that a significant difference in the data generated between the two devices indicated that a single device should be selected to carry out a series of comparisons on a particular subject. However, if the two devices are used in a series of testings, a set of correlation equations has been defined to facilitate such comparison. The findings in this study will widen the application of comparison of isokinetic data in the quantitative approach of rehabilitation of the knee with a deficient anterior cruciate ligament.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Juvenile hallux abducto valgus association with metatarsus adductus.

The authors evaluated the radiographs of 40 patients (72 feet) under 21 years of age who underwent surgery for symptomatic hallux abducto valgus deformity at Northlake Regional Medical Center. Forty-eight of 72 feet had metatarsus adductus angles greater than 15 degrees. A statistically significant correlation was found between an increasing metatarsus adductus angle and an increasing hallux abductus angle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Endothelin-mediated calcium response and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate release in neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cells (NG108-15): cross talk with ATP and bradykinin.

Addition of endothelins (ETs) to neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cells (NG108-15) induced increases in cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) levels of labeled inositol monophosphates and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3]. The increases in [Ca2+]i elicited by the three ETs (ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3) were transient and did not show a sustained phase. Chelating extracellular Ca2+ in the medium by adding excess EGTA decreased the ET-mediated Ca2+ response by 40-50%. This result indicates that a substantial portion of the increase in [Ca2+]i was due to influx from an extracellular source. However, the increase in [Ca2+]i was not affected by verapamil or nifedipine (10(-5) M). A rank order potency of ET-1 > ET-2 > ET-3 is shown for the stimulated increase in [Ca2+]i, as well as labeled inositol phosphates, in these cells. ATP (10(-4) M) and bradykinin (10(-7) M) also induced the increases in [Ca2+]i and Ins(1,4,5)P3 in NG108-15 cells, albeit to a different extent. When compared at 10(-7) M, bradykinin elicited a five- to sixfold higher increase in the level of Ins(1,4,5)P3, but less than a twofold higher increase in [Ca2+]i than those induced by ET-1. Additive increases in both Ins(1,4,5)P3 and [Ca2+]i were observed when ET-1, ATP, and bradykinin were added to the cells in different combinations, suggesting that each receptor agonist is responsible for the hydrolysis of a pool of polyphosphoinositide within the membrane. ET-1 exhibited homologous desensitization of the Ca2+ response, but partial heterologous desensitization to the Ca2+ response elicited by ATP. On the contrary, ET-1 did not desensitize the response elicited by bradykinin, although bradykinin exhibited complete heterologous desensitization to the response elicited by ET-1. Taken together, these results illustrate that, in NG108-15 cells, a considerable amount of receptor cross talk occurs between ET and other receptors that transmit signals through the polyphosphoinositide pathway.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1992

Possible existence of two subsets of platelet-activating factor receptor to mediate polyphosphoinositide breakdown and calcium influx in neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid NG 108-15 cells.

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) initiated polyphosphoinositide (polyPI) breakdown and a rise of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid NG 108-15 cells. The accumulation of [3H]inositol trisphosphate and [3H]inositol bisphosphate was evident within 15 s after PAF stimulation, peaked at 1 min, and then gradually decayed. The increase in [3H]inositol monophosphate level was observed at 30 s, plateaued in 5 min, and was sustained up to 10 min in the presence of 10 mM LiCl. On the other hand, the rise of [Ca2+]i evoked by PAF reached a peak within 8-12 s and returned to basal levels within 1 min as measured in fura 2-loaded cells. When cells were suspended in Ca(2+)-depleted medium, the PAF-induced [Ca2+]i rise was reduced by 80%, indicating that the increase of [Ca2+]i was predominantly due to the Ca2+ influx from an extracellular source. Both PAF-induced accumulation of 3H-labeled inositol phosphates and [Ca2+]i elevation were concentration dependent with EC50 values of approximately 1 x 10(-10) and 5 x 10(-8) M, respectively. The PAF analogs 1-O-hexadecyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycerol-3-phosphocholine were much poorer agonists at eliciting the same responses in these cells. Pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin caused a substantial inhibition of PAF-induced accumulation of 3H-inositol phosphates. In contrast, the rise in [Ca2+]i was not significantly affected by toxin treatment at the same concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Leukotriene C4-induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis in rat basophilic leukemia cell.

Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), one of the major constituents of the slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis, induced a dose-dependent hydrolysis of phosphoinositides in [3H]inositol-prelabeled rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-1) cells. The EC50 for LTC4 to elicit the half maximum accumulation of [3H]inositol phosphates (IPs) was around 20 nM. The increase in the formation of [3H]inositol bisphosphate (IP2) and [3H]inositol trisphosphate (IP3) was detectable at 2 min after the stimulation and progressed up to 30 min. Accumulation of [3H]inositol monophosphate (IP1) was observed only during the late phase of 5-30 min in the presence of LiCl. When cells were stimulated with LTC4 and LTD4 together, there was no additive accumulation in [3H]IPs. Pretreatment of cells with either LTC4 or LTD4 resulted in a decrease in production of [3H]IPs on further stimulation with the same agonist. The desensitization appeared to be heterologous since pretreatment of cells with LTC4 attenuated the responsiveness to LTD4. Conversely, pretreatment with LTD4 also diminished the responsiveness to LTC4 markedly. These results suggest that both LTC4- and LTD4-induced hydrolysis of phosphoinositides are mediated through the same effector in RBL-1 cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Coronary arterial rupture during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: a case report].

A case who developed rupture in a diagonal branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is reported here. The present case was 80-year-old man with severe focal stenosis of the LAD at its junction with a diagonal branch. PTCA for the LAD lesion was successfully performed, but occlusion of the diagonal branch developed later. A subsequent ECG showed elevation of an ST segment in a VL, and PTCA for the diagonal branch was attempted. A 018 Hi-torque floppy guide wire was introduced into the occluded diagonal branch, and its dilatation was attempted using a 2 mm Simpson-Robert catheter. During a maximal pressure of 120 psi, a deformity was found at the distal end of the balloon. Post-PTCA angiograms showed rupture of the diagonal arterial branch, and mild to moderate pericardial effusion was observed by echocardiography. The patient experienced transient hypotension (60 mmHg at systolic), but his condition gradually stabilized after the administration of only a pressor medication. Neither pericardiocentesis nor emergency surgery was performed. The next day, follow-up angiograms showed diagonal branch occlusion at the proximal portion of the rupture site. His clinical course was satisfactory with spontaneous resolution of pericardial effusion and mild elevation of his cardiac enzymes (CPK = 243IU). In this case, it was concluded that the cause of coronary arterial rupture was the difference in diameters of the coronary artery (1 mm) and the balloon catheter (2 mm). This was the first rupture case experienced among 750 PTCA sites (0.13%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗