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Biomedical subjects

Y S Moon

Publications and source records attributed to Y S Moon.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Investigation of effects of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on the chromosomal complement of CD-1 mouse embryos.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of superovulatory doses of gonadotropins on the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities of mouse embryos. METHODS: Chromosome analysis of 8- to 16-cell stage mouse embryos and zygotes was performed by a cytogenetic method. RESULTS: There was no significant effect of the pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) dose on the level of aneuploidy and structural abnormalities from 8- to 16-cell-stage embryos among superovulated groups. However, a simple dose-response relationship between the PMSG dose and the incidence of polyploidy was observed, with the level of polyploidy rising from 2.9% with 10 i.u. PMSG to 10.5% with 15 i.u. PMSG. In zygote stage, the proportion of polyploid embryos also increased as the dose increased, from 1.9% in 5 i.u. to 6.7% in 15 i.u. PMSG. It was observed that the extra chromosomal set in polyploidy embryos originated by both fertilization of a diploid oocyte and dispermy. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate a dose-response relationship between the PMSG dose and the incidence of polyploidy in the CD-1 mouse. Both a disturbance at maturation division and an error at fertilization were the cause of polyploidy.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1997

Pharmacokinetics of meropenem in animals, healthy volunteers, and patients.

Meropenem is a carbapenem antibiotic that appears to be widely distributed in tissues and is eliminated by both excretion and metabolism. Approximately 70% of meropenem is excreted via the kidneys, thus dosage adjustments are required for patients with renal impairment. The pharmacokinetic parameters for meropenem are similar to those for imipenem/cilastatin, with the exception of meropenem's smaller volume of distribution. The urinary recovery of meropenem is as high as that of imipenem in combination with cilastatin, an inhibitor of renal dehydropeptidase. Therefore, unlike imipenem, meropenem can be used without dehydropeptidase inhibitors to obtain a consistently high concentration in the urine without nephrotoxic effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

A somatostatin analogue decreases embryonic loss following superovulation in rats by normalizing insulin-like growth factor-I action in the uterus.

This study was designed to determine whether the somatostatin analogue, octreotide, could prevent embryonic loss by normalizing increased uterine insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) action related to hyperoestrogenaemia following superovulation. Superovulated immature and oestradiol-17beta-treated adult rats were infused with 100 or 300 microg/ml of octreotide respectively, or injected daily with 1 or 10 microg of octreotide from day 1 to day 3 of pregnancy. On day 3, embryos were collected from the oviducts and uteri. Uterine luminal fluid was subjected to embryo culture. The amounts of uterine IGF-I and IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) were determined by radioimmunoassay and ligand binding assay respectively. Octreotide infusion normalized uterine IGF-I action following superovulatory and oestradiol-17beta treatment, by reducing IGF-I concentrations and increasing IGFBP concentrations. Octreotide infusion increased the number of normal embryos by 2.7-fold and 1.7-fold in superovulated and oestradiol-17beta-treated rats respectively, and reversed the detrimental effects of uterine luminal fluid on embryonic development caused by superovulatory and oestradiol-17beta treatment. Daily injections with octreotide had similar but reduced effects in all parameters examined in both treatment groups. In conclusion, octreotide may reduce embryonic loss, at least in part, by normalizing IGF-I action following superovulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Role for insulin-like growth factor I in the regulation of electrolyte composition of uterine luminal fluid.

A potential role for insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in the regulation of the uterine electrolyte environment was studied in conjunction with hyperoestrogenaemia caused by superovulation. Uterine luminal fluid from immature rats treated with 4 (control), 10, 20 and 40 i.u. (superovulation) pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin (PMSG, day -2) and the electrolyte composition was determined on day 3 of pregnancy. Superovulation increased total cation content in uterine flushes by more than twofold, suggesting a comparable increase in the uterine luminal fluid volume. Percentages of K+ and HCO-3 content to total cations or anions increased by 27% and 16%, respectively, and those of Na+ and Cl- decreased by 26% and 15%, respectively, after superovulation. Daily injections with 1.0 micrograms or more oestradiol, from day 0 to day 2, in the 4 i.u. PMSG-primed immature rats caused similar changes in total cation content and electrolyte composition of uterine luminal fluid. Anti-IGF-I antibody infusion in the superovulated or oestradiol-treated immature rats restored the alterations in cation composition but had no effect on anion composition and total cation content. IGF-I was infused into adult rats to achieve increased IGF-I action observed after superovulation. IGF-I infusion altered electrolyte composition, as is observed after superovulation or oestradiol treatment, but had no effect on total cation content. In conclusion, hyperoestrogenaemia caused by superovulation may alter the uterine electrolyte environment for preimplantation embryonic development. IGF-I appears to play a central role in mediating this action of oestrogen.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Cowden's disease--a report on the first case in Korea and literature review.

Cowden's disease, or multiple hamartoma syndrome, is an uncommon condition with characteristic mucocutaneous lesions associated with abnormalities of the breast, thyroid, and gastrointestinal tract. We describe a 32-year-old man with oral mucosal papillomatosis and plantar hyperkeratosis as a definite case of Cowden's disease according to the criteria proposed by Salem and Steck. The patient also had a thyroid mass and numerous gastrointestinal polyps endoscopically. Histologically the polyps were hamartomatous or hyperplastic polyps. The oral papillary lesions were fibroepithelial polyps and the thyroid mass was a follicular adenoma. We review the literature on this entity and summarize the pertinent findings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of Cowden's disease in a Korean.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The role for the uterine insulin-like growth factor I in early embryonic loss after superovulation in the rat.

OBJECTIVES: To examine possible roles of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in increased early embryonic loss after superovulation. DESIGN: Changes in the uterine IGF system were examined in superovulated rats. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) was infused to the right uterine horns to mimic enhanced IGF-I actions after superovulation. Uterine luminal fluids were collected after IGF-I infusions and embryos were cultured with uterine luminal fluids. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Steroid hormones, IGF-I, IGF binding protein (IGFBP), and IGF-I receptor levels, developmental rate, and cell numbers of embryos. RESULTS: Elevated IGF-I levels and suppressed IGFBP levels were found from days 1 to 3 of pregnancy after superovulation. Uterine luminal fluids of the IGF-I infusion and superovulation groups impaired embryo development in vitro. Anti-IGF-I antibody infusions after superovulation reversed detrimental effects of superovulation. Dialysis of uterine luminal fluids of the IGF-I infusion and superovulation groups before culture improved embryo development. CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced IGF-I actions in the uterus after superovulation may be responsible for the increase of early embryonic loss. The detrimental factor for embryo development seems a small molecule and is likely a local product of the uterus in which IGF-I actions are enhanced.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

An improved technique for molecular cytogenetic analysis of human preimplantation embryos with fluorescence in situ hybridization.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a method for the cytogenetic evaluation of preimplantation embryos using nonradioactive centromeric probes for chromosomes 1, 16 and X. STUDY DESIGN: The embryos used for this study were either fragmented or polyploid embryos rejected from an in vitro fertilization program. Prior to in situ hybridization, the embryos were treated with 0.5% protease. After application of gradual fixation, conventional hybridization protocol was followed. RESULTS: Ten of 11 embryos showed hybridization signals suggesting that the success rate of in situ hybridization of human embryos is improved when a modified method of digesting the zona pellucida and gradual fixation with removal of the cytoplasm are used. CONCLUSION: The method described in this study demonstrates that the zona pellucida is the key to successful in situ hybridization of whole human embryos. When the zona pellucida is removed, penetration by a probe becomes possible.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of centrifugal and roller pump hemolysis rates at low flow.

We compared in vitro rates of hemolysis for a recently developed centrifugal pump with a conventional roller pump (10-10-00; Stöckert, Munich, Germany). Flow rates of 0.3 L/min and 1 L/min and a pressure of 200 mm Hg were chosen to simulate conditions during neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). There was no significant difference in hemolysis rates between centrifugal and roller pumps (p = 0.57) nor between high and low flow (p = 0.86). The centrifugal pump caused no more blood trauma than the roller pump at the low-flow/high-pressure conditions required for neonatal ECMO. The Nikkiso pump is superior to roller pumps in size and priming volume (25 ml) and may permit development of a smaller and simpler ECMO system.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The chromosome pattern of embryos derived from tripronuclear zygotes studied by cytogenetic analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization.

OBJECTIVE: To detect the chromosomal complement of embryos, which developed from tripronuclear zygote, using nonradioactive centromeric probes. DESIGN: The chromosome pattern of embryos developing from tripronuclear zygote, studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization, was compared with that of embryos studied by standard cytogenetic methods. SETTING: These embryos were obtained from superovulated patients undergoing IVF treatment. RESULTS: We have attempted to examine the chromosomal complement of 72 embryos derived from tripronuclear zygotes using both traditional cytogenetic analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Of these 72 embryos, 22 were analyzed with fluorescence in situ hybridization and 50 were analyzed with traditional cytogenetic analysis. For fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis, probes specific for the centromeric regions of chromosomes 1, 16, and X were used, with results being obtained from 18 embryos. One embryo was haploid (5.6%), five were triploid (27.8%), and one was hexaploid (5.6%). Eleven (61%) embryos were mosaic. Traditional cytogenetic analysis could be performed on 25 of 50 embryos. Five (20%) were haploid, one (4%) was diploid, seven (28%) were triploid, one (4%) were tetraploid, and two were hexaploid. Nine (36%) were mosaic. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that not all tripronuclear human zygotes develop into triploid embryos. This study also demonstrates the usefulness of fluorescence in situ hybridization for preimplantation diagnosis and screening for chromosome abnormalities.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1994

Stability of paclitaxel with ondansetron hydrochloride or ranitidine hydrochloride during simulated Y-site administration.

The stability of paclitaxel with either ondansetron hydrochloride or ranitidine hydrochloride during simulated Y-site injection at room temperature was studied. Triplicate test solutions of paclitaxel 0.3 and 1.2 mg/mL were admixed 1:1 with ondansetron 0.03 and 0.3 mg/mL (as the hydrochloride salt) or ranitidine 0.5 and 2.0 mg/mL (as the hydrochloride salt). Also, paclitaxel 1.2 mg/mL was admixed 1:1:1 with ondansetron 0.3 mg/mL and ranitidine 2.0 mg/mL. The solutions were stored in glass containers at room temperature, and samples were removed at zero, one, two, and four hours for immediate assay. At the time of the assay and before any dilution, each sample was visually inspected for clarity, color, and precipitation, and the pH was determined. Drug concentrations were measured by stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic procedures. Throughout the study, more than 90% of the initial concentrations of paclitaxel, ondansetron, and ranitidine remained in the solutions. No precipitates, color changes, or haziness was seen. The changes in pH were minor. Paclitaxel in concentrations of 0.3 and 1.2 mg/mL was stable when mixed with either ondansetron (0.03 or 0.3 mg/mL, as the hydrochloride salt) or ranitidine (0.5 or 2.0 mg/mL, as the hydrochloride salt) and stored in glass containers for four hours. Paclitaxel 1.2 mg/mL was also stable when mixed with both ondansetron 0.3 mg/mL and ranitidine 2.0 mg/mL and stored in glass containers for four hours.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1994

Chromosome investigation in in vitro fertilization failure.

PURPOSE: A chromosomal complement of 227 human oocytes was studied to provide information on the frequency and type of chromosomal abnormalities in oocytes failing in vitro fertilization. RESULTS: Normal haploid chromosome complement was found in 54.6%; chromosomal abnormalities consisting of diploid sets were identified in 16.7% and aneuploidy was observed in 26%. Premature condensation of sperm chromosomes of the GI-phase was observed in 22.9% oocytes. Male infertility was correlated with an increase in the rate of aneuploidy when compared with tubal infertility. The rate of chromosome abnormalities for the oocytes recovered from women who had no fertilized oocytes was significantly higher compared to those with at least one oocyte fertilized. CONCLUSION: A high frequency of chromosome abnormalities in unfertilized oocytes suggests that natural selection against chromosome abnormalities may occur even prior to fertilization.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Liver function in Clonorchis sinensis-infected rabbits.

Nine rabbits were fed with Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae (MC) and the blood samples chronologically obtained were analyzed biochemically. Rabbits infected by less than 100 flukes were grouped into Group I, and by 100-250 flukes into Group II. The serum level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was increased from 3 weeks after the infection of the metacercariae (AIM) and showed a peak at 8 weeks, and decreased from 12 weeks AIM. The serum level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was raised to 92.3 +/- 65.4 U/L at 3 weeks AIM and stayed high until 8 weeks, then lowered thereafter. The serum level of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) was increased rapidly to the highest value (18.9 +/- 14.6 U/L) at 16 weeks AIM, and decreased to the control level after 20 weeks. The serum level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was headed down from the early infection to 52 weeks AIM. The serum cholesterol level was increased from 8 weeks and reached at a peak 16 weeks AIM, and decreased thereafter to the control level. It is suggested that serum ALT, AST, ALP and gamma-GT tests be useful to diagnose the early infection of C. sinensis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Sandostatin has no direct effect on ovarian steroidogenesis in vitro.

Rat granulosa and theca-interstitial cells from immature, oestradiol-treated rats were isolated and incubated for 144 h with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), insulin alone or in combinations, and with two doses of sandostatin (10(-7) M and 10(-6) M per culture). Oestradiol and testosterone production by granulosa and theca-interstitial cells, respectively, was measured in culture media. The stimulatory effects of FSH alone and FSH with insulin but not insulin alone on oestradiol production by granulosa cells were observed. Similarly, increased testosterone concentrations after treatment with LH alone and LH with insulin but not insulin alone were found in media from theca-interstitial cells. The addition of high or low doses of sandostatin to the cultures did not affect the production of oestradiol or testosterone. It was concluded that sandostatin does not exert any direct effect on ovarian steroidogenesis in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Insulin actions on ovarian steroidogenesis are not modulated by metformin.

Metformin, an agent used in treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, is believed to act by potentiating the effects of insulin on glucose metabolism. This study was designed to determine whether metformin affects the actions of insulin on ovarian steroidogenic capability. Rat thecal-interstitial (T-I) and granulosa (G) cells were cultured in chemically defined media for 144 h with or without gonadotrophins [luteinizing hormone (LH) at 100 ng/ml or follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) at 100 ng/ml], insulin (1 microgram/ml) and/or metformin (1 and 5 micrograms/ml). Production of testosterone and progesterone by T-I cells, and 17 beta-oestradiol and progesterone by G cells were assessed. Insulin potentiated LH-dependent stimulation of testosterone production by T-I cells and FSH-dependent stimulation of 17 beta-oestradiol production by G cells, but did not significantly affect progesterone production by T-I cells or G cells in the presence or absence of gonadotrophins. Metformin did not affect any of the actions of insulin on steroidogenesis. These results suggest that insulin may modulate ovarian steroidogenesis via a pathway separate from that modulating glucose metabolism. Actions of insulin on steroidogenesis are selective with regard to stimulation of specific aspects of steroidogenesis and do not simply amplify gonadotrophin effects.

Animals↗