Biomedical subjects

Y Scat

Publications and source records attributed to Y Scat.

14 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

[Intrastromal epithelial cysts of the iris: two case studies].

AIM: Intrastromal epithelial cysts, congenital or acquired, are rare tumors of the anterior chamber. We report two cases, one in a 4-Month-old girl and one in a 14-Year-old teenage girl. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the infant case, a large cyst with a superior base obstructed the visual axis. The child had already developed amblyopia and intermittent esotropia, with normal ocular pressure. Aspiration of the cyst with complete excision was done without iridectomy. Two Years later, a secondary corectopia required an inferior iridectomy. Finally, 4 Years later, endophthalmitis developed on a corneal stitch, and the eye was enucleated. In the second case, the teenage girl had noticed a modification in her iris due to an inferior temporal iris cyst. The cyst was excised with a peripheral iridectomy. Despite a first complete excision, a recurrence the following Year was treated by Yag laser. One Year later, the clinical aspect was stable. COMMENTS AND CONCLUSION: These benign tumors present the problem of local extension and recurrence. Surgical treatment with iridectomy is often proposed despite eventual aesthetic or functional consequences. Yag laser may be a therapeutic alternative. The two operations reported here did not prevent recurrence. In conclusion, intrastromal epithelial cysts of the iris are rare and benign tumors that may induce local complications and lead to recurrence. Many treatments can be discussed for each case.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

[Fungal keratitis at the Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts: retrospective study of 19 cases].

PURPOSE: To report the spectrum of fungal keratitis at the Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie XV-XX, Paris. METHODS: We reviewed 19 cases of fungal keratitis from January 1993 to January 2001. We evaluated the different risk factors, fungal identification, topical and systemic antifungal therapy, surgical treatment and outcome. RESULTS: Nineteen patients were included, 7 women and 12 men, with visual acuity ranging from 9/10 to no perception of light. The mean age was 56.2 years. Patients were hospitalized for an average stay of 16.3 days and all received a diagnostic and therapeutic scraping and 16 received a local antifungal treatment. The most common risk factors were topical steroid treatment (42.1%), corneal graft (31.6%), trauma or foreign body (31.6%). The mean delay between the first signs and fungal keratitis diagnosis was 14 days. Yeast as Candida parapsilosis and albicans were the most frequently isolated fungi (58%), followed by Aspergillus sp. (21%) and Fusarium sp. (21%). The most commonly used topical treatment was amphotericin B, and itraconazole was used as systemic treatment. Five patients had evisceration, 6 had penetrating keratoplasty and 5 retained leukoma. CONCLUSION: Candida was the most frequently isolated fungi and topical steroid treatment the main risk factor. The prognosis is relatively poor (26% of lost vision) because of a delay in diagnosis and other previous ocular pathology or surgery.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

[Marginal corneal perforation associated with herpes simplex virus in a patient with essential cutaneous porphyria].

We report a case of herpetic perforated peripheral corneal ulcer in a patient with cutaneous porphyria and hepatitis C. The patient underwent peripheral lamellar keratoplasty. Antiherpetic antibodies were found at a significantly higher level in the aqueous humor than in the serum. Outcome was favorable with antiviral treatment. We discuss the causal role of the hepatitis C virus, porphyria and herpes simplex.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1999

[2-year retrospective study of 344 patients presenting for corneal lesion and who were examined for free amebas].

PURPOSE: The number of cases of amibian keratitis seems to have increased in the XV-XX hospital. Consequently, a study was carried out on 344 patients who came to be treated for keratitis or corneal ulcers over the last two years. METHODS: 28 patients out of 344 showed Acanthamoeba in lens storage cases and/or corneal scrapes. The diagnosis, treatment and clinical evolution of 28 patients were presented. RESULTS: 26/28 patients wore contact lenses, 22 lens cases examined out of 149 (15%) and 7 of corneal scrapes out of 344 (2%) showed the presence of Acanthamoeba. 68% of patients (19 out of 28) came to be treated for the first time in the emergency department. 2/28 patients (7%) were examined at the very beginning of the amibian infection and 24/28 patients (86%) showed the beginnings of stromal infiltration. The diagnosis for 13 of the patients was made within 15 days. 19/28 patients recovered, 1 patient had to undergo a penetrating keratoplasty, 4/28 patients had bacterial infections and 4/28 patients disappeared and we heard nothing more from them. CONCLUSION: Acanthamoeba were isolated from only 7 cornea, whereas 24 patients had an amibian infection. A deep corneal scrape is necessary to avoid a false negative result. A lens storage cases examination is highly recommended.

Acanthamoeba Keratitis↗

PubMed1998

[Amebicide activity of antiseptics and an antibiotic on 2 Acanthamoeba isolated from corneal ulcers].

PURPOSE: To study the in vitro amoebicidal activity of antiseptics and antibiotics. METHODS: Antiseptics (hexamidine, chlorhexidine, picloxydine, PHMB, polyvidone iodine) and an antibiotic (colimycine) were tested on two Acanthamoeba isolates from corneal ulcers under soft contact lenses. The appearence of trophozoïts and the increase of the number of cysts show their viability. RESULTS: Four antiseptics and colimycin proved to be active in vitro on the two Acanthamoeba isolates: hexamidin 0.1% after 3 to 6 hours incubation, picloxydin 0.05% after 1 to 3 hours incubation (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.05), chlorhexidin 0.02% after 3 hours (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.01), PHBM 0.02% after 3 hours (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.01) and colimycin 125,000 Ul/ml after 1 to 3 hours incubation. Polyvidone iodine proved ineffective. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that hexamidin, chlorhexidin and PHMB have an amoebicidal activity on the two stains, and show that colimycine, which has already been tested, has also an amoebicidal activity; picloxydine is effective after 1 to 3 hours; there is a considerable variability which exists between the isolates and the sensitivity of the isolates is time-dependent. Medical polytherapy is therefore necessary especially if the sensitivity of the Acanthamoeba has not been tested.

Acanthamoeba↗

PubMed1996

[Positive corneal findings of Propioni bacterium acnes and keratitis].

PURPOSE: Propioni bacterium Acnes may be isolated from corneal specimens. Its presence usually evokes a neighbouring tissue contamination. Nevertheless we have tried to find arguments in favour of a possible pathological responsibility of this microorganism in corneal affections. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in thirty patients with proved P. acnes corneal infection. The specimens were collected immediately during the first examination in the emergency ward. The research of anaerobic bacteria was made for each corneal specimen. RESULTS: We studied nineteen corneal abscesses and eleven corneal ulcers. Ninety-one percent of the cases presented an associated irritating factor. In decreasing order we found: wearing of soft contact lenses (36%), foreign corneal body still in situ or recently removed (21%), recurrent corneal erosions (9%), palpebral surgery (6%), herpetic keratitis (6%) or rosacea (3%). P. acnes was the only microorganism identified in 97% of the cases. Starting treatment before bacteriological results were known to be effective in each case. CONCLUSIONS: These elements are an argument for the pathological role of P. acnes in corneal infections when combined with favourable local conditions. Its presence does not always mean actual contamination.

Abscess↗

PubMed1996

[Epidemiological study of 1705 malignant tumors of the eye and adnexa].

PURPOSE: Malignant tumours of the eye and adnexa are generally rare, and in the absence of a French national register of declaration of cancers, only an approximate evaluation can be made. We studied the epidemiology of tumours of the eye and adnexa from the laboratory results of anatomical pathology of biopsies examinated at the laboratory of Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts in Paris. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Statistical analysis of the results of histological diagnoses, their sites and the personal histories recovered from the laboratory registers from 1925-1995, a period of 70 years, were carried out. RESULTS: 1705 malignant tumours of the eye and adnexa diagnosed over 70 years consisted of 760 melanomas (44.6%), 450 carcinomas (26.4%), 338 retinoblastomas (19.8%), 95 haematopoetic tumours (5.6%), and 62 diverse others (3.6%). These tumours were localised in: the endo-ocular (1035 cases), lids (398 cases), conjunctiva (119 cases), orbit (90 cases), lacrimal glands (23 cases), caruncle (10 cases), eye lashes (8 cases), optic nerve (6 cases), cornea (3 cases), lacrimal sac (2 cases) and undefined (11 cases). CONCLUSION: In our study, endo-ocular tumours are the most frequently seen of all tumours of the eye and adnexa (60.7%) and are essentially represented by melanomas in the elderly and by retinoblastomas in the newborn and infants. Carcinomas are the most frequent lid malignant pathology whose presence increases with age. Tumours originating from haematopoetic tissues are often seen in the sub-epithelial tissues of orbit, lids, conjunctiva and lacrimal gland.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1996

[Etiology of enucleations. Apropos of 3,246 cases].

PURPOSE: An epidemiological study of the aetiology of enucleation was conducted in patients seen at the Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris. The enucleated globes were systematically sent to the laboratory for histological examination. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Histological results of the cases from the register of Anatomo-Pathology section of the laboratory of the C.H.N.O. des Quinze-Vingts, over a 70-year period from 1925-1995 were used; 3,246 globes were examined, that is, 32.83% of all histological examinations. RESULTS: In our series, malignant tumours were the most frequent cause of enucleation (32%), followed by trauma (18%), glaucoma (16%), atrophies-dystrophies (16%) and inflammatory causes (12%). Globes without histological pathology were rare (0.12%). The majority of ophthamic tumours with histological confirmation were melanomas (65.2%) in old age and retinoblastomas (32.5%) in the newborn and early infancy. Our results are compared with those of other authors. CONCLUSION: Great improvements in medicine and diagnostic techniques have taken place, these last decades, and with the possibilities of early diagnosis, enucleation has become rare as it is being replaced by conservative management.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

[Epidemiological study of benign tumors and inflammatory pseudotumors of the eye and its adnexa].

PURPOSE: Benign tumors and the inflammations of the eye and its adnexa are about twice as frequent as malignant tumours. Because of the aesthetic value or functional importance and the diagnostic difficulties that they can induce, we thought it interesting to conduct an epidemiological study including the localization and the different histological forms of benign tumors and inflammations of theeye. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was carried out for a period of 70 years between 1925 and 1995, utilizing case histories and results of the histological examinations of the Pathology Department of the Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts in Paris. The statistics included the histological diagnostic, the localization and the civil data. RESULTS: Benign tumors and inflammations of the eye and its adnexa corresponded respectively to 25.9% and 7.1% of the histological results accomplished in the laboratory. Papilloma (31.4%) and cysts (28.2%) were the most frequent benign tumors. Chalazions represent the most frequent aetiology of inflammation (49%), followed by granuloma (30%). Our results are compared to those of other laboratories. CONCLUSION: While malignant tumors account for the majority of endo-ocular tumors, benign tumors and inflammatory processes are almost always extra-ocular involving the conjunctiva and the eye lids (in particular the inferior eye lid). Papilloma and cysts together account for about 50% of the benign tumors and inflammations of the eye.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

[Protein evaluation of tears: different biological parameters and their respective value].

PURPOSE: The lacrimal film contains 6 to 10 g/l of proteins, 99% of which locally synthesized by the lacrimal glands. The study of these proteins allows us to explore the lacrimal function and to reveal an inflammatory process. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The lacrimal proteinic profile included the determination of total proteins and electrophoresis on agarose gel and, if necessary, specific determinations of albumin, lactoferrin, lysozyme and immunoglobulins using a nephelemetric technique. Normal values were established on a hundred of individual tears. RESULTS: The electrophoretic proteinic profile may present different abnormalities, such as an inflammatory process, a functional alteration of the lacrimal glands or a dysproteinic abnormality of the tears. The specific determination of the principal lacrimal proteins allows us to accurately quantify each of them. CONCLUSION: The electrophoresis of the tears on an agarose gel reveals the presence of an inflammatory process or the quantitative or qualitative alteration of the lacrimal function. The immuno-nephelemetric determination of the most important proteins which are involved in theses mechanisms gives an accurate quantitative measurement of proteins and allows biological follow-up of the disease.

Albumins↗

PubMed1995

[Retrospective study of the prevalence and sensitivity to antibiotics of bacteria isolated from ocular samplings].

PURPOSE: This study evaluates the variability of the bacterial flora and the changes in their antibiotics sensitivity tests between 1988 and 1993 in 46090 specimens (conjunctival cultures, corneal scrapings, vitreous, aqueous humour, ocular foreign bodies). METHODS: The specimens were cultured and antibiotics sensitivity test was carried out on the pathogens only (3309 strains). RESULTS: Streptococci (36.1%) and Staphylococcus aureus (35.6%) are the most frequent species with Enterobacteriaceae (12.1%) and Haemophilus (7.8%). S. aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae are more prevalent with decreasing values for other bacteria (Khi-2 of trend, Mantel's extension, p < 0.05). Antibiotics sensitivity yield expected results without any remarkable changes during the study. No multi-resistant strain was isolated. CONCLUSION: The increase of number of S. aureus and S. pneumoniae is the major change noted in pathogens found from our eye samples.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1995

[Retinal vein occlusion and resistance to activated protein C].

BACKGROUND: A new abnormality in the coagulation system, the resistance to activated protein C, has appeared among the numerous hereditary modifications which predispose patients to deep-vein thrombosis. The molecular abnormality responsible for the resistance to activated protein C is due to a mutation of an amino acid in the 506 position (Arg-->Gln) at the level of the factor V, designated under the name of factor V Leiden. METHODS: The authors wished to search for this alteration of the haemostasis in 106 patients with retinal venous occlusion hospitalized in Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophthalmologie des Quinze-Vingts (Paris). RESULTS: In our study of 106 patients presenting a retinal venous occlusion, the resistance to activated protein C was the most frequent coagulation abnormality found (4.71%), when compared with the other deficits of the inhibitors of the clotting system: protein S (2.80%), antithrombin III (0.94%) et protein C (0%). CONCLUSION: The test of resistance to activated protein C should be recommanded in cases of retinal venous occlusion, particularly in the search for a cause of thrombosis in young patients or in recurrent thrombosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[The value of an immunocapture method for the study of serum IgM in the surveillance of dengue in Martinique].

The use of IgM capture ELISA for surveillance of dengue in Martinique is described. This only pathogenic for human population arbovirus infection, which the transmission is caused by bites of haematophagous diptera like Aedes (Aedes aegypti principally) show an active circulation in Martinique. Clinical evolution was always benign among the adults and the children. To date no case of dengue haemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (the World Health Organization criteria) was not reported in Martinique.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Measurement of total IgE in tears : the adaptation of an immunoenzyme technique and the value of investigating locally produced IgE in the diagnosis of chronic conjunctivitis].

The measurement of total IgE in tears could be useful to confirm the diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis, particularly in chronic forms when the etiology is difficult to determine solely on clinical criteria and allergologic anamnesis. Since the level of IgE is normally very low in tears, the adaptation of a fluorescent enzyme immunoassay of total IgE (Unicap, Pharmacia-Upjohn) reduces the detection limit from 0.35 to 0.15 kU/l. Satisfactory results are obtained for accuracy, within-run precision (CV < 5%) and between-run precision (CV < or =11%). During allergic reactions, the local synthesis of IgE is evaluated by the ratio between the measured lacrimal IgE and the lacrimal IgE that have been filtered through the hemato-lacrimal barrier. The serum and tear albumin allows to quantify the permeability of the barrier and thus the amount of filtered tear IgE.

Antibody Formation↗