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Biomedical subjects

Y Senda

Publications and source records attributed to Y Senda.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Therapeutic efficacy of imipenem/cilastatin sodium on respiratory tract infections in lung cancer patients].

Imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) was used to treat respiratory tract infections (RTI) in 54 patients with lung cancer. Out of the 54 patients studied, 53 were evaluable for the utility of IPM/CS; 42 had pneumonia, 9 had obstructive pneumonia, 1 had a lung abscess and 1 had acute bronchitis. The efficacy rate was 71.7%. Seventeen causative organisms were isolated from 14 patients. They included Staphylococcus aureus 5 strains, Staphylococcus epidermidis 4 strains, Staphylococcus sp. 2 strains, Enterococcus faecalis 1 strain, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2 strains, Pseudomonas fluorescens 2 strains, Acinetobacter sp. 1 strain, and the eradication rate was 81.8%. Clinical adverse effects (nausea and vomiting) were observed in 1 patient. Abnormalities in laboratory test results were observed in 3 patients. They disappeared or returned to normal values after completion of therapy or discontinuation of IPM/CS administration. IPM/CS appears to be a useful antibiotic for RTI in patients with lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

ECG-gated cardiac scan and echocardiographic assessments of left ventricular hypertrophy: reversal by 6-month treatment with diltiazem.

Serial changes of left ventricular (LV) mass and LV function were evaluated in nine patients with essential hypertension and LV hypertrophy (LVH) after administration of diltiazem (180 mg/day). LV mass and LV function were determined at baseline and at 6 months of therapy by electrocardiogram-gated cardiac CT (ECG-gated CCT) scanning and two-dimensional-guided M-mode echocardiography. At baseline measurements, ECG-gated cardiac scanning clearly showed LVH in two patients in whom no LVH was observed by echocardiography. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures were reduced significantly after 6 months of drug therapy (189-156 mm Hg; p less than 0.01, 111-96 mm Hg; p less than 0.01, respectively). Sequential ECG-gated cardiac scanning revealed a marked reduction in thickness of the interventricular septum (IVS), LV anterior wall (AW), and LV posterior wall (PW) (15.0-12.1 mm; p less than 0.01, 12.5-9.7 mm; p less than 0.01, 10.7-8.3 mm; p less than 0.05, respectively). Simultaneous echocardiographic measurements revealed a reduction in LV mass in six of these patients and a significant reduction in thickness of the IVS (12.1-11.0 mm; p less than 0.05). ECG-gated cardiac scanning demonstrated significant reductions in the thickness of the LVAW, which are difficult to detect by echocardiography. Diltiazem had no effect on the ejection fraction (EF) measured by both methods. In conclusion, ECG-gated cardiac scanning allowed more accurate diagnosis and quantitation of LVH than conventional echocardiography, and LVH in patients with essential hypertension could be reversed by the administration of diltiazem.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Echo guided percutaneous needle biopsy for diagnosis of thoracic lesions].

Echo guided percutaneous needle biopsy was performed in 32 cases with thoracic lesions. A definitive diagnosis was made histopathologically in 11 (100%) of 11 malignancies, 4 (67%) of 6 benign tumors and 7 (47%) of 15 inflammatory lesions. Furthermore, using cytological specimens, definitive diagnosis was successfully made in 10 (91%) of 11 malignancies and 1 (17%) of 6 benign tumors. Such highly accurate diagnostic rates were due to 1) the accurate puncture of the lesions under real time sonographic guidance, 2) repeated biopsy in case in which sample was inadequate for cytological diagnosis, and 3) aggressive application of needle biopsy for histopathological diagnosis. Following this procedure, three patients suffered from a minor pneumothorax. To prevent pneumothorax, great care is necessary, especially in high risk cases, such as with a pneumatic pattern and thin lesion. One patient suffered from minor hemoptysis but recovered without any medication. No complications were noticed in cases of extrapulmonary lesions. We conclude that echo guided percutaneous needle biopsy is not only a complementary method for biopsy of mediastinal, peripheral pulmonary and chest wall lesions, but due to its simplicity and convenience, it should be a routine method for biopsy of thoracic lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the treatment of respiratory tract infections].

Imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) was administered to 55 patients with respiratory tract infections (RTI). A clinical evaluation of IPM/CS was carried out in 51 patients, 28 with pneumonia, 4 with pulmonary abscess, 1 with pyothorax, 6 with bronchitis, 9 with bronchiectasis, 1 with diffuse panbronchiolitis and 2 with RTI with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the clinical efficacy rate was 78.4%. Causative organisms were isolated in 23 strains out of 20 patients, such as Staphylococcus aureus 4 strains, Staphylococcus epidermidis 1 strain, Streptococcus pneumoniae 1 strain, Branhamella catarrhalis 1 strain, Haemophilus influenzae 2 strains, Klebsiella pneumoniae 4 strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6 strains, Pseudomonas sp. 1 strain, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 1 strain, Acinetobacter sp. 1 strain and glucose non-fermentative Gram-negative rod 1 strain. An eradication rate of 70.6% was obtained. An overall eradication rate of main causative organisms in RTI including S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and K. pneumoniae was 75.0%. Clinical adverse effects were observed in 5 patients, and these were eruption in 2, itching in 1, vomiting in 1 and drug fever in 1. Abnormalities in laboratory test results were observed in 8 patients. These disappeared or returned to normal values after completion or discontinuation of IPM/CS administration. IPM/CS appears to be a useful antibiotic for the treatment of RTI, especially severe infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Radioimmunoassay for thyrotropin-releasing hormone precursor peptide, Lys-Arg-Gln-His-Pro-Gly-Arg-Arg.

A radioimmunoassay for thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) precursor peptide Lys-Arg-Gln-His-Pro-Gly-Arg-Arg (pro-TRH), has been developed. Anti-pro-TRH antibody was raised in rabbits immunized with a conjugate of synthetic pro-TRH analog, Cys-Lys-Arg-Gln-His-Pro-Gly-Arg-Arg-Cys (pCC10) to bovine serum albumin. This antibody did not cross-react with TRH, TRH-OH, His-Pro-diketopiperazine, neuropeptides, pituitary hormones and peptides which are included in prepro-TRH. Radioiodination of pCC 10 was performed by chloramin T method, followed by purification of radioiodinated material on Sephadex G-25 column. Pro-TRH was extracted from tissues, using 1.0 N acetic acid. The assay was performed with a double antibody system. The values are expressed as an equivalent of pCC 10. The dilution curves of acetic acid-extracts of rat hypothalamus and stomach in radioimmunoassay system were parallel to the standard curve. The recovery of tissue pro-TRH was 80%, the intra-assay and interassay variation was 5.2% and 8.9%, respectively. The elution profiles of acetic acid-extracts of the rat hypothalamus and stomach on Sephadex G-50 showed a single peak corresponding that of pCC 10. Immunoreactive pro-TRH was found in the rat brain, spinal cord, eye, stomach, intestine, pancreas and adrenal gland. These data suggest that this assay system is a suitable to measure pro-TRH in the tissues, and that pro-TRH is widely distributed in the rats.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1989

HLA and sarcoidosis in the Japanese.

One hundred fourteen patients with sarcoidosis, who were diagnosed as having sarcoidosis histologically, have been typed for HLA class 1 (A, B, and C) and class 2 (DR and DQ) antigens. Controls consisted of 478 healthy Japanese subjects. The frequencies of HLA-A1, HLA-Bw46, HLA-Cx46, HLA-DRw8, HLA-DRw9, and HLA-DRw52 were significantly increased in sarcoidosis compared to control subjects, but only four patients were positive for HLA-A1. Increased frequencies of HLA-Bw46 and HLA-Cx46 were thought to be attributable to linkage disequilibrium with HLA-DRw8. Patients with HLA-DRw52 were the most frequent (84 cases of 113). No significant differences were observed between HLA-DRw52-positive and HLA-DRw52-negative patients in their clinical features, but all of the patients with muscular involvement (six cases) were positive for HLA-DRw52. Among patients positive for HLA-DRw52, those with HLA-DR5 showed a significantly better clinical course and earlier onset of the disease than those with HLA-DRw8. These results suggest that HLA antigens may play an important role in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis (Gerhardt syndrome) in the Shy-Drager syndrome].

Ten consecutive patients with a progressive pan-autonomic failure of the Shy-Drager syndrome were investigated. Movement disorders of the vocal cords were examined with a fiber-optic laryngoscope as well as a video-recorder. Moderate to severe vocal cord paralysis was present in five of ten patients. The vocal cords were almost immobile during inspiration, while there was no limitation of the adduction during phonation. In two cases, grade of vocal cord paralysis was asymmetric. One patient developed peculiar twisting-like dystonic movements of the vocal cord. Polygraphic studies revealed that SaO2 was lowered in spite of tachypnea during sleep. In two cases, the expiratory flow volume curve in effort-dependent portion near TLC showed a plateau and the inspiratory part of the curve also showed a plateau indicating constant flow. These functional disorders suggest an upper airway obstruction probably due to the vocal cord dysfunction. There was no vocal cord paralysis in two patients who had neither snore nor stridor. Development of a severe vocal cord dysfunction usually manifested itself clinically as stridor, snore or respiratory failure requiring tracheostomy. There was little information on the pathology of the vagal nerves and nuclei supplying motor control to the laryngeal muscles. The mechanism of the selective involvement of abductor muscle (posterior muscle) of the vocal cord (Gerhardt syndrome) remains unsolved. Vocal cord paralysis should be looked for since it can result in respiratory failure leading to death.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Concurrence of acute autonomic and sensory neuropathy and myasthenia gravis--a case report and pathogenetic considerations].

A 22-year-old woman admitted to the hospital on Mar. 19, 1985 because of syncopal attacks and numbness on the limbs. Examination revealed peripheral sympathetic as well as parasympathetic dysfunctions and loss of myelinated as well as unmyelinated fibers in a biopsied sural nerve. A diagnosis of acute autonomic and sensory neuropathy (AASN) was made. She was treated with prednisolone but did not respond to the therapy. Only L-DOPS was effective on orthostatic hypotension. Recovery of the neurological conditions was insufficient till May 1987, when she complained of easy fatigability when speaking and chewing. Pharmacological and electrodiagnostic tests showed typical myasthenic phenomenon. At this time, serum anti-ACh receptor antibody was 741nmol/l and a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis was confirmed. Anti-ACh receptor antibody was proven to be elevated in the serum collected on April 1985 when the initial symptom of AASN had appeared. A thymectomy resulted in prompt and complete remission of semiologies of both myasthenia gravis and AASN. These suggest that immunological abnormality might play an important role in the pathogenesis of AASN in this case.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Severe orthostatic hypotension in a female carrier of Fabry's disease.

A 21-year-old woman in a family with a history of Fabry's disease showed orthostatic hypotension and whorl-like corneal opacity typical for Fabry's disease. Biochemical studies revealed that she was a heterozygote of the Fabry gene. A variety of autonomic function tests demonstrated both sympathetic and parasympathetic dysfunction. To our knowledge, the present case is the first report of a heterozygous female carrier of Fabry's disease presenting dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Late-onset acid maltase deficiency associated with intracranial aneurysm.

The autopsy findings in a patient with late-onset acid maltase deficiency who died following rupture of a basilar artery aneurysm are reported. The patient developed muscular weakness and wasting at the age of 20 years and died 9 years later after suddenly falling into a coma. At autopsy a giant fusiform aneurysm was found in the basilar artery which had ruptured at the base of the pons, leading to a large haematoma in the pons. The cerebral arteries and arterioles showed extensive vacuolar degeneration of smooth muscle cells in the media. It is suggested that the aneurysm was induced by fragility of the arterial wall due to this smooth muscle change.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Effects of cefotaxime single administration and of cefotaxime + fosfomycin administration against respiratory tract infections].

Subjects in a cefotaxime (CTX) single administration group and in a CTX + fosfomycin (FOM) administration group were randomly selected for a comparative study on the utility of each product against respiratory tract infections. Overall improvement rates were 81.3% in 32 cases of the CTX single administration group, and 75.6% in 41 cases of the CTX + FOM concomitant administration group. No statistical difference was observed. As for adverse reactions and abnormal laboratory test results, pyrexia, thrombocytopenia, increases in GOT and GPT, and increase in GPT were observed in 4 cases of the CTX single administration group, while angialgia, increases in GOT and GPT (3 cases), and increases in BUN, (totalling 5), were observed in the CTX + FOM group. However, all the symptoms were transient, and none was serious in nature.

Adult↗