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Biomedical subjects

Y Shiomi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Shiomi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Characteristics of DPOAE audiogram in tinnitus patients.

To investigate cochlear activity in tinnitus, the DPOAE (distortion product otoacoustic emission) audiograms (DP-gram) of tinnitus patients were measured. Nine tinnitus patients (15 ears) with normal hearing and 55 tinnitus patients (75 ears) with hearing impairment were included in this study. Significant decreases in DPOAE amplitude over a limited frequency range were observed in 93.3% of the normal hearing tinnitus group and in 96% of the hearing-impaired tinnitus group. The averaged DP-gram of the normal hearing tinnitus group was significantly different from that of the normal subject (repeated-measures ANOVA, P < 0.01). These results imply that tinnitus may be evaluated objectively by DPOAE.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Efficacy of transmeatal low power laser irradiation on tinnitus: a preliminary report.

Thirty-eight patients suffering from tinnitus resistant to several medical therapies for more than 6 months were treated by low power laser irradiation. A 40 mW laser with a wavelength of 830 nm was irradiated via their external auditory meatus toward the cochlea for 9 min once a week, 10 times or more. Patients were asked to score their symptoms on a 5 point scale before and after the treatment for a subjective evaluation of the effect. The results were estimated by the change of the loudness and duration of tinnitus, and the degree of annoyance due to tinnitus. Although only 26% of the patients had improved duration, loudness and degree of annoyance were relieved in up to 58 and 55%, respectively, without major complication. Laser therapy seemed to be worth trying on patients with intractable tinnitus.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The effect of intravenous lidocaine injection on hearing thresholds.

The effect of intravenous injection of lidocaine on hearing thresholds was studied in normal subjects. Continuous and intermittent tones at 1, 4 and 8 kHz were used as stimuli and the threshold change with lidocaine injection was measured using a self-recording audiometer (Békésy audiometer). Both increases and decreases in the threshold were observed. The former occurred more frequently than the latter. In cases of a threshold increase, lidocaine injection exhibited a frequency specific effect; the higher the frequency, the more often the threshold was increased by lidocaine injection. There was no significant difference in threshold changes between continuous and intermittent tones. The present results suggest that lidocaine may act on the inner ear hair cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Sound-induced activation of auditory cortices in cochlear implant users with post- and prelingual deafness demonstrated by positron emission tomography.

Changes of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the auditory cortices induced by sound stimulation were examined in nine postlingually and five prelingually deaf cochlear implant (CI) users by 15O-labeled water Positron Emission Tomography, and the results were compared with those of eight normal volunteers. Speech stimulation caused significantly greater rCBF increase compared with noise stimulation in the auditory association area in normal and postlingually deaf subjects. In prelingually deaf subjects, however, speech activation of the auditory association area was much less than that found in either of the other two groups. Neuronal networks for speech sound processing in the auditory association area in postlingually deaf individuals are thought be similar to those in normal subjects, while those in prelingually deaf patients who received CI after the speech acquisition period may not develop completely.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1997

Tinnitus remission by lidocaine demonstrated by auditory-evoked magnetoencephalogram. A preliminary report.

An auditory-evoked magnetic field was recorded before and during tinnitus remission induced by an intravenous lidocaine injection. One and 4 kHz probe tones were presented monaurally in four tinnitus patients, and the responses were recorded using a 122-channel magnetometer. Three normal volunteers were also examined as controls. In tinnitus patients, the N100 m peak became sharper, while there was no marked change except for slight reduction in amplitude in normal subjects. Tinnitus remission by lidocaine may be related to attenuation of a masking-like effect of tinnitus on the sound-evoked responses.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Anesthesia for a patient with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a case report].

A 68 year-old man underwent a femoral-popliteal bypass surgery. He was diagnosed as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) by platelet aggregation test when he underwent CABG 4 years ago. For the present surgery we administered nafamostat mesilate and urokinase for anticoagulation during surgery instead of heparin. After the operation, laboratory studies showed no thrombocytopenia.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[The effects of preoperative drinking and H2 blocker on gastric acid secretion].

We studied the effects of preoperative drinking and H2 blocker on gastric acid secretion in 63 patients (ASA I-II, > 18yrs) scheduled for afternoon surgery. Group A (n = 20), as a control, was not permitted to eat and drink from 9 pm, the day before surgery, and was then given 500 ml of maintainance fluid before anesthesia. Group B (n = 20) fasted from 9 pm the day before surgery, and was allowed to drink clear fluids until 2hs before anesthesia. Group C (n - 23) followed the same guidelines as group B, and was given famotidine (20mg) orally at 9 pm the day before and 2hs before anesthesia. After induction, a Salem sump tube was inserted into the stomach and a gastric fluid aspiration was performed. The fluid volume and pH were measured after collection. Gastric pH was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in group C (6.4 +/- 0.9) than in groups A (3.1 +/- 1.8) and B (2.7 +/- 1.8). Fluid volume was similar in each group (A; 11 +/- 9/B; 12 +/- 9/C; 12 +/- 13ml). The dilution of gastric acid by the ingested fluid was not observed. We conclude that preoperative drinking does not affect gastric contents in elective operative patients. To reduce the risk of developing aspiration pneumonia, we recommend that every patient should receive an oral H2 blocker.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

Cortical activation with sound stimulation in cochlear implant users demonstrated by positron emission tomography.

Six postlingually deaf patients using multi-channel cochlear implants were examined by positron emission tomography (PET) using 15O-labeled water. Changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were measured during different sound stimuli. The stimulation paradigms employed consisted of two sets of three different conditions; (1) no sound stimulation with the speech processor of the cochlear implant system switched off, (2) hearing white noise and (3) hearing sequential Japanese sentences. In the primary auditory area, the mean rCBF increase during noise stimulation was significantly greater on the side contralateral to the implant than on the ipsilateral side. Speech stimulation caused significantly greater rCBF increase compared with noise stimulation in the left immediate auditory association area (P < 0.01), the bilateral auditory association areas (P < 0.01), the posterior part of the bilateral inferior frontal gyri; the Broca's area (P < 0.01) and its right hemisphere homologue (P < 0.05). Activation of cortices related to verbal and non-verbal sound recognition was clearly demonstrated in the current subjects probably because complete silence was attained in the control condition.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1995

Surface-coil magnetic resonance imaging of the internal auditory canal and the inner ear. Preliminary report.

Parasagittal surface-coil magnetic resonance imaging of the internal auditory canal and the inner ear was performed. We used T2-weighted fast spin-echo sequences to visualize the inner ear and the individual nerves in the internal auditory canal with high contrast in a short acquisition time. Computer-assisted quantitative measurement of the nerves was performed to estimate the cross-sectional areas and the diameters of the nerves. The average diameters of the facial nerve, the cochlear nerve, and the vestibular nerve of normal-hearing individuals were, respectively, 1.1 +/- 0.2 mm (mean +/- SD), 1.2 +/- 0.2 mm, and 1.5 +/- 0.2 mm. In the cerebellopontine angle, the average diameter of the eighth nerve was 1.8 +/- 0.2 mm. Two patients with unilateral and bilateral hearing loss were also presented. In the patient with unilateral deafness, the cochlear nerve of the diseased side was not identified and the eighth cranial nerve diameter was smaller than that of the normal side. In the patient with bilateral deafness, fibrosis of the inner ear and atrophy of the eight nerve were demonstrated in the ear with posttraumatic deafness. The present method may represent a new approach to the assessment of pathologic processes involving the inner ear and the nerves in the internal auditory canal.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Bullous eruption of systemic lupus erythematosus.

A bullous eruption is now recognized as a specific complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We described a 22-year-old woman with SLE whose vesiculobullous eruptions exacerbated with a flare of visceral manifestations of the disease and resolved when the systemic disease was controlled by oral prednisolone.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Cochlear implants in children].

A multichannel cochlear implant was performed in 8 children, and the following results were obtained. The surgical procedures were not as difficult as in adults, and there were few postoperative complications. The results of testing postoperative speech comprehension ability were examined in three children whose course was followed for more than one year postoperatively. Some patients had good speech comprehension ability postoperatively, and we expect to continue performing cochlear implant in children. Postoperative rehabilitation takes longer. The cooperation of physicians, audiologists, speech therapists, school teachers and family members is essential, and establishing a cochlear implant center for children would be desirable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Cochlear implants for adult prelingually deaf patients].

We have performed cochlear implants on 6 adult prelingually deaf patients and obtained the following results. 1) The speech comprehension ability of the adult prelingually deaf patients was poorer than in postlingually deaf patients, but some patients showed better results than expected. 2) The adult prelingually deaf patients required a longer period of rehabilitation than the postlingually deaf patients. There were considerable variations in performance among the adult prelingually deaf patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Elution of lead and cadmium from imported gold-decorated glassware].

Lead and cadmium were known to be eluted from some imported gold-decorated glassware, which was bonded at a quarantine station. Elution of lead and cadmium was confirmed to be occurred from the gold-decorated portion, but not from glass itself. No elution of these heavy metals was observed from gold-decorated glassware in the market.

Cadmium↗
PubMed1992

[A preliminary study to determine the activity of topoisomerase II in human kidney cancer cells with DNA unknotting method].

For the purpose of examining the Topoisomerase II (Topo II) activity in human kidney cancer cells, we performed experiments with using DNA unknotting method. This method check relative Topo II activity with its conversion of knotted form P4 phage DNA to unknotted form. Our preliminary results demonstrate remarkable activity of Topo II with specific conversion of knotted form P4 DNA to unknotted form in human kidney cancer cells, YCR and ACHN. Moreover, addition of etoposide to the same experiment suppressed Topo II activity in a dose dependent manner. Our results suggest that kidney cancer has a certain amount of Topo II, a target for etoposide. We believe this method is useful to measure Topo II activity in cancer cells and to estimate chemotherapeutic potential of Topo II inhibitors including etoposide in human kidney cancers.

DNA Topoisomerases, Type II↗
PubMed1992

Determination of organophosphorus pesticides in imported foods by FPD-GC and GC-MS.

Organophosphorus pesticides in 47 agricultural products imported at the Yokohama and Kobe Quarantine Station in 1990 were determined by FPD-GC and identified by GC-MS. Chlorpyrifosmethyl, malathion and fenitrothion were found in wheat (0.03-0.69 ppm), chlorpyrifosmethyl and fenitrothion in soy bean (0.02-1.03 ppm), chlorpyrifosmethyl in cherry (0.12-0.17 ppm), chlorpyrifosmethyl in pumpkin (0.07-0.15 ppm), chlorpyrifosmethyl and malathion in corn (0.15-1.38 ppm).

Chromatography, Gas↗